Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka maʻi mellitus a maʻi ʻia e nā luna o ka World Health Organization i ka makahiki 1985. Kahi a kau i kēia, he hana maʻamau ia e hoʻokaʻawale i nā papa o kēia maʻi i hoʻomaka ʻia e ka nui o ke koena koko o ka mea maʻi. ʻO ka papa helu ʻana o ka maʻi mellitus i ka diabetes mellitus, prediabetes, diabetes mellitus i ka wā hāpai.
Kahi helu
Nui nō hoʻi nā ʻano maʻi, e pili ana i ka pae o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi. Ka helu ʻana o ka maʻi mellitus maʻi maʻi:
- ʻAno maʻi type 1
- ʻAno maʻi type 2
- Na maʻi maʻi maʻi insipidus;
- ʻO nā koho maʻi maʻi ʻē aʻe.
1 ʻano ʻano maʻi
Ua kapa ʻia nō hoʻi i ka mellitus diabetes i hilinaʻi ʻia. Hōʻike ʻia kēia maʻi ma ka hana hoʻopalapula o ka insulin hormone e ka pancreas. Ke alakaʻi aku nei kēia i kahi hoʻonui o ke kōʻai koko koko o ka mea maʻi a me ka nele o ka glucose i loko o nā pūpuna o ke kino, ʻoiai he insulin ia e kuleana no ka halihali i kēia mau mea i nā pūna.
ʻO ka pinepine, ʻo kēia ʻano maʻi e hana i nā keiki a me nā ʻōpio. ʻO ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo nui loa o kēia maʻi he ketonuria, i hōʻike ʻia i ka hana o nā lipids i loko o ka wahi o ka urine, kahi mea e lilo ai i kumu punaʻi ʻē aʻe.
Hana ʻia ka maʻi diabetes type 1 e ka inake i kēlā me kēia lā o ka insulin hormone.
Kūkaha ʻia nā hōʻailona o ke ʻano maʻi maʻi 1, hiki ke wikiwiki koke. Hoʻonāukiuki lākou i kahi maʻi, ma ke ʻano ture, nā maʻi o kahi ʻano luhou a i nā maʻi ʻē aʻe paha. ʻO nā hōʻailona nui ka:
- He manaʻo mau ka makewai nui;
- ʻO kaʻeha pinepine ma ka ʻili;
- Kūʻai pinepine, kahi a i ʻumi lita i kēlā me kēia lā.
Me ka maʻi ʻōmaʻomaʻo 1, e hoʻomaka koke kahi mea e emi wikiwiki. No hoʻokahi mahina, hiki i ka mea maʻi ke hōʻemi i ka paona ma o nā kilogram 10-15. Ma ka manawa like, ʻike ke kanaka i ka nāwaliwali koʻikoʻi, malaise, wikiwiki a luhi, hele wāwae.
I nā manawa mua o ka maʻi, e ʻike paha ka mea maʻi i ka ʻono maikaʻi, akā ma hope o kekahi manawa ma muli o ka nilo, hoʻopuka, ka ʻeha i loko o ka ʻōpū, ʻaina ka ʻai ʻana.
Ke mālama nei ka hoʻōla ʻana o ka maʻi type 1 ma ka injecting insulin, e hahai ana i ka ʻai therapeutic koʻikoʻi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi nui o nā mea kanu maka.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa hoʻi ka mea maʻi i nā loea maʻamau o ke ola ma ka diabetes mellitus i mea e manaʻo ai e like me ka holo piha i ka holoʻokoʻa, ʻoiai ka ʻike o ka maʻi. ʻO kāna mau kuleana e mālama i ka mālama o ka lā glucose koko. Hoʻopau ʻia nā ana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi glucometer a i ʻole ma ke keʻena haukapila.
2 ʻano ʻano maʻi
Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia no ka maʻi kūpaʻa ʻole-insulin. Hoʻopilikia ʻia kēia maʻi ma nā kānaka me ke kaumaha o ke kino, a me ka maʻalea. ʻO nā makahiki o nā mea maʻi pinepine loa 40-45 mau makahiki. Pēlā pū kekahi i nā hihia lohi, ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano maʻi maʻi i nā maʻi ʻōpio.
Ma ke kānāwai, ʻo ka pilikia kēia no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana o kēia mau maʻi, no laila e hoʻomohala a maʻi nā maʻi i loko o ke kino me ka wā e kahakaha ai. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ʻo Ketonuria i kēia ʻano maʻi o ka maʻi maʻi, koe wale nō i kekahi mau manawa ke hoʻonāukiuki ʻia kahi kūlana kaumaha i ka hōʻeha ʻana o ka naʻau a i ʻole kahi maʻi hopohopo.
ʻO nā kumu nui no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke ʻano type diabetes 2 he pōpilikia, na ka ʻai pinepine ʻana o nā hua ʻai, nā ʻuala a me nā meaʻai me ka momona ka nui.
Pēlā nō hoʻi e hoʻoulu pinepine ʻia ka maʻi ma muli o kahi predisposition he nui, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me kahi ʻano maikaʻi ʻole.
Maʻa mau nā maʻi maʻi e pili ana ka maʻi maʻamau no ka maʻi diabetes type 2:
- ʻAiʻai i nā meaʻai i hoʻoliʻiliʻi loa
- ʻOi loa, ʻoi loa i ka ʻōpū;
- Hoʻoluloli ʻia ka maʻi ʻōpiopio;
- Ua ʻike ʻia ka poʻe ma ka ʻohana me ka maʻi mellitus;
- Ke alakaʻi nei i kahi hana maʻalahi;
- Me ka wai kiʻekiʻe.
ʻAʻole like ka like me ka maʻi diabetes mellitus i kēlā me kēia, no laila e nānā pinepine ʻia e ka lāʻau koko no nā waiwai glucose, e lawe ʻia ana ma kahi ʻōpū ʻole. ʻAʻole ʻike pinepine ka poʻe maʻi i ka make nui a ʻili ʻole paha.
I kekahi manawa, pilikia ke kanaka i ka hōʻeha ʻana i ka ʻili a i ʻole ka pūpū. Hiki ke nānā ʻia kahi emi i ka ʻike. ʻIke pinepine, ʻike ʻia nā ʻano hona 2 like i ka wā e ʻōlelo ai ka mea maʻi i ke kauka me kahi maʻi.
Hōʻike ʻia ka maʻi diabetes type 2 e pili ana i nā hoʻāʻo i ke koko e ʻike ai i ka glucose o ka wikiwiki. E pau kēia kūleʻa ʻana me ka nele o nā maʻi āpau i ʻoi aku ma mua o 40 mau makahiki. Ua hōʻike ʻia ke aʻo ʻana i nā ʻōpiopio, inā lākou e alakaʻi i kahi ala sedentary, e loaʻa ana i ka hypertension arterial, polycystic ovary, maʻi cardiovascular. Hoʻohana ʻia kahi ʻano loiloi inā he prediabetes ka mea maʻi.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ke ʻano maʻi maʻi maʻamau me ka hoʻopuka ʻana i nā mea lapaʻau therapeutic kūikawā. Kuhi pū nō hoʻi ke kauka i ka hana maʻamau i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻO nā maʻi me ka paona nui e pono ke kuhikuhi i ka pohō kaumaha. I kekahi manawa, lawe nā mea maʻi i nā lāʻau hypoglycemic a e hoʻokomo i ka insulin inā he kiʻekiʻe loa ko lākou koko koko.
Diipio maʻi maʻi insipidus
kahi maʻi lelo i hōʻino ʻia e ka hewa hewa o ka hypothalamus a i ʻole ka pituitary gland. Loaʻa ka mea maʻi i ka makewai nui a me ka urination nui hoʻi. ʻO kēia ʻano maʻi maʻi hake i loko o nā hihia ʻekolu i waho o 100 tausani. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia nā maʻi a me nā kāne a me nā kāne he 18 a 25 paha.
ʻO nā kumu nui o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka maʻi:
- Tumor i loko o ka hypothalamus a me ka glandula piula;
- Haki ʻia nā kīʻaha koko i loko o ka hypothalamus a i ʻole gluitalam gland;
- ʻO ka heleʻana o kahi hōʻeha o ka traumatic brain;
- Heneritary predisposition;
- Hola huehue hana.
Hoʻokumu nā hōʻailona ma ka nui o ka nele o ka vasopressin. Me ka hapa iki o ka urine he kukui ʻoluʻolu, ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka mea ʻala. I kekahi mau hihia, ʻo ka hapai paha ke kumu o ka maʻi insipidus maʻi. Hoʻoulu koke ka maʻi a ʻike koke ʻole ʻia. Me ke ʻano o ka maʻi nui, hoʻōla ʻia ka urula a me ka maʻi puhaka. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hoʻolilo i ka nui o ka wai o ka wai, hiki ke mālama ʻia ke kaumaha, e alakaʻi ana i ka nāwaliwali nui, ka naʻau naʻau a me ka hypotension.
ʻO nā ʻano maʻi ʻē aʻe
E kū mai i ka loaʻa ʻana o kekahi maʻi, i laila:
- Maʻi maʻi pancreatic;
- Nā maʻi ʻōnaehana endocrine;
- ʻO nā hoʻonāukiuki i kumu o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole nā mea kanu;
- Hoʻoulu i ka hana o ka insulin a i kona mau mea hoʻonoho e komo ai;
- Nā maʻi genetic
- Nā maʻi kāwili.
ʻO ka hoʻolaʻa a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa glucose
ʻAʻohe hoʻokaʻawale ʻole ka hoʻonaninani glucose maikaʻi ʻole a ʻike pinepine ʻia i nā poʻe me ka pohō. ʻO ke maʻi ka maʻi ua ka maʻi ma kahi o ke kō o ke kō ana o ke koko, i hele ʻole ai ke kiʻekiʻe, akā, ʻaʻole i hiki i kahi pae koʻikoʻi.
Hoʻopilikia ka metabolaboloneola, hiki i ka wā ma mua ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes. ʻO ka poʻe maʻi e loaʻa i nā ʻano like like he hopena koʻikoʻi, a pono e ʻike i ka pehea e hoʻoholo ai i ka maʻi diabetes me ka ʻole o nā hōʻike.
ʻOiai ʻaʻole i hoʻomohala ka maʻi i loko o ka mellitus maʻi maʻi maʻi, hiki i kahi kūlana like me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā maʻi o ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular, no laila hiki ke hōʻino inā loaʻa ka make. No laila, i ka hoʻomaka mua o ka prediabetes, pono ʻoe e nīnau i ke kauka e hōʻike i kahi loiloi piha, ʻike i nā kumu o ke ʻano maʻi maʻi a kuhikuhi i ka mālama pono ʻia.
Ma muli o ke komo ʻole o ka glucose i loko o nā pūpuna o ke kiko a ma muli o ka lawa ʻole o ka ʻimi ʻana i ka insulin, ulu nā prediabetes, a laila maʻi diabetes. I waena o nā kumu kumu o ka ʻai o ka molekō o ka paʻakai:
- Hypertension Arterial;
- ʻO ka hele ʻana o nā maʻi o ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular, ʻeha a me nā ʻūpū;
- Ka lawe ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau;
- ʻO ke kaumaha nui o ke kino o ka mea maʻi;
- ʻO ka heleʻana o nā kūlana kaumaha;
- ʻO ka wā hāpai;
- Hoʻonui i nā kolamu ma ke koko;
- Nā maʻi o ka ʻōnaehana pale ʻole;
- Nā maʻi ʻōnaehana endocrine;
- Hoʻololi ka meaʻai me kahi nui o ke kō;
- ʻOi aku ka nui o nā makahiki 45;
- ʻO ka predisposition o ka mea maʻi ma ka pae genetic.
E haʻalele i nā prediabetes, ʻoi aku ia e hana i kahi hōʻike koko no ka honi ma kahi o ka liʻiliʻi a ʻelua i ka makahiki. Inā inā he pilikia ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi, hana ʻia nā hōʻike ʻehā ma ʻehā o ka makahiki.
Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻike ʻia ka prediabetes i nā poʻe maʻi me ka ʻole, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe maʻi o ke ʻano o kēia maʻi maʻi, no laila, loaʻa ka ʻike ʻole. Eia kekahi, i kekahi mau pilikia, ʻike paha ka mea maʻi i ka make wai ʻole i ka wā o ka hana ʻana i ka noʻonoʻo, wikiwiki ka luhi i ka hana, ʻike pinepine i kahi kūlana hiamoe, pinepine hele ka maʻi ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ke kino a me ka manaʻo ʻole ʻole ʻia.
No ka hōʻoia i ka hiki ʻana o ka prediabetes, ke kauka nei ke kauka i kahi kaohi koko no ka kiʻekiʻe o ka kō, a me ka laʻana o kahi hoʻāʻo glucose. Inā hana ʻia ka ʻike koko koko maʻamau no ka kō, ʻike ʻia kahi kiʻekiʻe glucose i ʻole ke nānā ʻia nā mea hōʻike ma mua o 6.0 mmol / lita.
Ke hana nei i kahi hoʻokolohua hoʻoliʻi glucose, ʻo nā hopena o ka hapa mua ma kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe 5.5-6.7 mmol / liter, ka lua o ka lua - a hiki i ka 11,1 mmol / lita. Hoʻohana ʻia ka Glucometer no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke kōpaʻa koko ma ka home.
Pono ka poʻe maʻi ma lalo nei i kahi hoʻololi e kūpaʻa i ka glucose:
- Loaʻa ka poʻe i ka pilikia no ka hoʻoneʻeʻana o nā mea hoʻolaʻa kalaiwa;
- ʻO nā wahine i ka wā hāpai;
- Ka poʻe i hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā kiʻekiʻe o ka glucose i loko o ko lākou koko a me ka ʻili;
- ʻO ka poʻe e loaʻa ka predisposition genetic i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes.
Inā ʻike ʻia kahi kue o ka pākia kalaiʻa i ke kino, kuhikuhi ke kauka i ka hoʻoponopono o ke ʻano maʻi o ka mea maʻi. ʻAi kekahi kanaka eʻai kūpono, hoʻomaʻamaʻa maʻamau, hāʻawi i nā hana maikaʻi ʻole a ʻaʻole hana.
ʻO ke ʻano gestational i ka wā hāpai
ʻO kēia ʻano maʻi, i kapa ʻia ʻia hoʻi ke ʻano maʻi gestational, i ka wahine i loko o ka manawa o ka gestation a hōʻike pū nō ia iā ia i loko o ke ʻano o ka piʻi o ka glucose koko. Inā nānā ʻia nā luhi āpau āpau, pau nīkē ʻia ka maʻi gestational ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o ka pēpē.
I ka manawa o ka hapanui o ke koko kiʻekiʻe hiki ke hōʻeha i ka olakino o ka makuakāne me ka pēpē hānau ʻole. ʻO ka pinepine pinepine ʻia kahi pēpē i hānau nui ʻia, e hoʻohui pū ana i nā pilikia i ka wā hānau. Eia kekahi, ʻoiai i ka wā o ka ʻōpū, loaʻa paha iā ia ka nele o ka oxygen.
Aia manaʻo ia inā ka wahine i loaʻa i ka lolo maʻi gestational i ka wā o ka hapai, ʻo ia kahi hōʻailona kahi i kuhi ʻia ai ʻo ia no ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi i ka wā e hiki mai ana. No laila, he mea nui no ka wahine ke kiaʻi pono i kona paona, ʻai pono a mai poina e pili ana i nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa kūloko māmā.
I nā wahine hāpai, hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o ke koko ke piʻi ma muli o nā loli o ka hormonal i ke kino. I ka manawa like, hoʻopiʻi nui ka pancreas me ka pinepine ʻole i ka hana i makemake ʻia. Hoʻopilikia kēia i nā maʻi metabolic i loko o nā wahine a me ka maʻi fetus.
Loaʻa i ka pēpē ka papalua o ka insulin, no laila ke kumu ka hoʻololi o ka glucose i ka momona, e pili ana i ka paona o ka pūpū. I kēia hihia, pono ka pūpū i ka nui o ka oxygen, hiki ʻole ia ke hoʻoulu hou ʻia, no ka mea e make ai ka oxygen.
Kūʻai pinepine ka maʻi maʻi gestational i kekahi mau kānaka:
- ʻO nā wahine momona;
- ʻO nā maʻi i hiki i ka wā ma mua ke hāpai ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes;
- ʻO nā wahine me ke kōneki iʻa;
- Me ka maʻi ovary polycystic;
- ʻO nā wahine i loaʻa i ka maʻi o ka maʻi maʻi.
Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, ʻike ʻia ka maʻi diabetes gestational ma 3-10 pakeneka o nā wahine hāpai. Ua liʻiliʻi loa ka wahine i ka maʻi:
- Iloko o 25 makahiki;
- Me ka wai kino kino;
- Me ka nele o ka predisposition genetic i ka maʻi diabetes;
- Ke loaʻa ʻole o ke kō koko kiʻekiʻe;
- ʻAʻole keʻike i nā hōʻeha i ka wā hāpai.
