ʻO ka pancreas ka nunui nui o ka nui o ka paina o ke kanaka a me kekahi o nā mea nui nui pono o ke ake o ka gastrointestinal. ʻO ia ke kuleana no ka huna o waho a me loko, nā synthesizing ʻaʻole wale nō o nā mea waiwai e kōkua ana i ka hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻana o ka meaʻai, akā he hormon kekahi. ʻO ka pancreas ka mea nui e hana ai i ka hana metabolism.
Hoʻoikaika anatomical
Aia ka pancreas i loko o ka poʻe ma hope o ka ʻōpū a pili i ka duodenum. He poʻo kona ʻāʻī, ke ʻāʻī, ke kino a me ka huelo. Ua uhi ʻia ke poʻo a me ke ʻāpana o ke kino e ka piko o ka duodenum, a hāliu ke kaʻe a piʻi a kū aʻe i ka hema, i ka pua.
ʻO ka ʻāʻī o ke kīpē i waena o ke poʻo a me ke kino ka bottleneck. Maanei, hoʻomaka ka waiʻu santorinia, ka mea e hoʻopili pinepine ʻia i ka huluhula nui, a ʻoi aku ka nui i ka komo ʻana i ka duodenum ma o ka papila santorinia.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka ola holoʻokoʻa ma ka 20 cm, e kau ka mānoanoa mai ka 2 a 3 cm, a ʻo ka nui o ke kaupaona maʻamau ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 80. No laila, ke pale aku nei ka pancreas ma ke kino kanaka mai nā ʻaoʻao a pau: aia ka pōpoki ma hope, ʻo ka ʻōpū ma mua. ma ka ʻaoʻao hema ka puna, a ma ka ʻākau ka duodenum.
Ma ke kino o ka hiʻona, hoʻokaʻawale ka mua, ke kua a me hope. Ua kū ka mua i ka ʻōpū a loaʻa i kahi ʻaka omental. Aia kahi ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka posterior i ka ʻaoʻao o ka spine, peritoneal aorta, celiac plexus, inferior vena cava a haʻalele i ka renal vein. Eia, i nā ʻāpana i manaʻo ʻia no kēia, aia kahi moku spleen. ʻO ka lalo o ka papaʻu i lalo, ma hope o ke aʻa o ka mesentery. ʻO ke kumu nui o ka pancreas, ʻo ka saluran o Wirsung, e holo ana ma kona lōʻihi a holo i ka duodenum.
ʻO ka hana ʻana o ka wai pancreatic e loaʻa i ka nui o ke kino o ka manawa, nā mokupuni o Langerans, synthesizing hormone, aia i ka huelo
Hoʻohana pili nā hana o ka pancreas i ka maʻa a ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma ka endocrine a me ka exocrine. Hōʻike ʻia ka palena endocrine e nā mokupuni o Langerans - kahi hōʻuluʻulu o nā pūpū e kāpili ana i nā hormones:
- insulin;
- kekona;
- somatostatin;
- polypeptides;
- nā palaka puki vasoactive.
Ma kahi liʻiliʻi, nā huaola o nā mokupuni o Langerans e hua pū i ka gastrin, thyroliberin, somatoliberin.
Ma ka māhele exocrine aia kahi ʻōnaehana o ka excretory ducts a me ka pancreatic acini, ʻo ia nā kuli o ke ʻano o ka huelo. Aia ia i ka acini e hoʻomaka ai nā kumu āpau.
Hoʻohana ka hana endocrine o ka pancreas ma o nā insulocytes - nā sela o nā mokupuni o Langerans, kuleana no ke kāpili ʻana o ka maʻi homons a me nā hoʻoponopono humoral.
Hōʻaha ka manaʻo ʻo Exocrine
I kēlā me kēia lā, hana ka pancreas i ka awelika o kahi lita o ka wai o ka pancreatic, kahi i nā mea o nā enzyme, paʻakai a me ka wai. Ua kapa ʻia nā Enzymes "proenzymes" a hoʻomaka mua ia. Hoʻohui ʻia nā mea hoʻonaninani o ka coma meaʻai i ka duodenum me ka hoʻokuʻu i nā hormon, ka mea, e hoʻohuli i ka kaulahao o ka loli kemu. ʻO ka hopena, hoʻāla ʻia nā proenzymes.
ʻO ka wai ikaika loa ka mana o ka huna ʻana no ka pancreatic i ka acid hydrochloric i loko o ka ʻōpū. Ke komo nei ia i ka ʻāpana liʻiliʻi, hoʻokomo ʻo ia i ka synthesis o ka pahuhopu a me ka pancreosimine, huna ʻia e ka ʻōpū a me ka hoala ʻana i ka hana o nā huina.
- amylases;
- lipolo;
- trypsin (trypsinogen);
- kakalimpe;
- ʻōpiopio;
- prophospholipase.
Aia ma ia kahi e pili ana i ka hana pancreatic exocrine.
Hoʻokomo wale ʻia ʻo Trypsin (trypsinogen) i loko o ka pancreas a pono ke wāwahi ʻia nā peptides a me nā protein. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana hana ʻole, ua hoʻoikaika ʻia kēia enzyme e enteropeptidase, a i ʻole enterokinase. ʻO ia ma ka huaʻōlelo trypsin ma kāna ʻano hoʻoikaika e hoʻoholo ai ka pancreatitis.
ʻO ka Amylase kahi enzyme e kōkua i ka hoʻōla o nā pale a hoʻoneʻe ʻia ʻaʻole wale nō i ka pancreas, akā i loko o nā kelima paʻakai. Me ka nui a lawa ʻole paha ka hoʻopuka ʻana i ka amylase i loko o ke koko, hiki ke loaʻa ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kahi kaʻina pili i loko o ka pancreas. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka amylase i loko o ke koko a me nā pate he hōʻailona koʻikoʻi nui i ka diagnostic. No ka laʻana, kahi o ka emi o ka nui o ka puna ampilase i loko o nā kāwili e hōʻike ana i nā pathologies hōʻeha nui a me nā cystic fibrosis, a me ka pancreatectomy i hana.
ʻO ka hana o ka lipase ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā triglycerides i hōʻike mua ʻia i ka bile mai ka palani. Mālama kēia enzyme i ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā momona i loko o ka glycerol a me nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, a komo pū kekahi i ka metabolism ikehu. Hāʻawi ʻo Lipase i ka lawe ʻana o nā momona momona o polyunsaturated i nā kiko a hoʻonui i ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka nui o nā momona o ka momona momona.
ʻO ka pancreas, nā leʻaleʻa, nā māmā a me nā puʻu, ke kuleana o ka lipase. Ma muli o ka hypofunction o nā kīʻaha, ua emi iho ka hana o ka lipase, ka mea i hele ʻia e ka loli me ka ʻulaʻula i ka hina-ʻula.
Hoʻokomo ka enzyme nīkini i ka hoʻohālike o ka DNA a me nā kaulahao o RNA o ka meaʻai i loaʻa i ke kino. Me kāna kōkua, ua hoʻopuka ka nuklepika nā mole mika no ke kūkulu ʻana i ka ʻike pili ponoʻī o kahi kanaka.
Hana ka Profospholipase e like me ka trypsin a hana i ka hana momona i kapa ʻia nā phospholipids.
Pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ua hūnā ʻia nā pancreatic proenzymes i ka wā o ka pāʻina, e hoʻomaka ana mai 2-3 mau minuke ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pāʻina. Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻomau lākou e kū no waho ma kahi o 12 mau hola.
ʻO ka hana piha o ka enzyme i hiki ʻole ke kī ʻole o ka nui o ka bile, ka mea i hoʻoiho ʻia e ka ʻāʻālua. He kēpana ia e hana ai i nā enzymes a wāwahi i ka lipids i loko o nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi, no laila e hoʻomākaukau ana iā lākou no ka cleavage. ʻAʻole ka loko o ka pancreatic wale nō nā enzyme, akā, ʻo nā paʻakai wai hoʻi e hoʻolako i kahi hopena alkaline. Mamuli o kēia, ua neʻe nā mea ʻona o ka ʻōpū ma kahi o ke koho ʻana i nā kalapona.
Ka hana Endocrine
He aha ka hana o ka pancreas ma ka ʻoihana endocrine? Hoʻokaʻa kēia ʻenehana i nā hormone i loko o ke koko, e hoʻopiʻi ana i nā kaʻina āpau āpau i loko o ke kino, me ka ʻole o ka ʻokoʻa. ʻOiai ka liʻiliʻi o ka palena endocrine, kahi ma kahi o 2% o ka nui o ka lepana, ʻaʻole hiki ke loli nui i ka nui o kāna hana.
Hōʻike ʻia ka maʻi diabetes mellitus type 1 me ka pau ʻole o ke kaohi ʻana o ka insulin hāmi, i hoʻoneʻe ʻia e nā luku beta
ʻO ka hana intracretory o ka kuhi ka mea huna o ka insulin a me ka glucagon. ʻO nā pulela alpela o nā mokulele Langerans e hana i ka glucagon, ʻo ia kekahi antagonist insulin kūlohelohe. Eia kekahi, ua komo lākou i ke kō o ka lipocaine, ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka momona momona. Hoʻokomo nā pūwai Beta i nā insulin e hāʻawi i ka glucose i nā kiko o ke kino ma o ka ʻeka ʻana o ka protein.
Hoʻonui ʻia ka hana huna pilikino o ka pancreas e ka hana ʻana i ka hormone ghrelin, nona ke kuleana maʻamau, a me ka polypeptide pancreatic e kāohi nei i ka ʻaina o ka līpī a hoʻoulu i ka hana o ka wai gastric.
Me kahi pōkole a me ka luku ʻana o nā hua beta, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka synthesis o insulin, e hiki ai ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes. Hōʻike ʻia ka nele o kēia hormon i ka hana urinary hoʻonui, mālama ʻia o ka ʻili a me ke ʻano o ka makewai mau.
ʻO Somatostatin ka hormone i hana ʻia ʻaʻole ma ka pancreas wale nō, akā naʻe hoʻi i ka hypothalamus. Pono e kāohi i ka mea huna o ka serotonin, i ka ulu ʻana o ka ulu ʻana, ke hoʻoulu ʻana i ka hormone thyroid, insulin a me ka glucagon.
VIP - kahi maʻi peptide ʻōpū o vasoactive e hoʻoulu i ka kao ʻawa, e hoʻolōʻihi i ke kahe o ke koko i loko o nā ʻāpana o ke kūwili, ke pale aku i ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka waikawa hydrochloric a hoʻonui i ka hana o ka pepsinogen i loko o ka ʻōpū.
Hoʻopili ka pancreatic polypeptide i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o ka hana huna waho o ka pancreas a hoʻoulu i ka ʻōpū.
Ka lawaiʻa ʻana
I ka hapa pinepine, hana ʻia nā pancreas i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka ma muli o ke ō ʻana - nā maʻi a me ka maʻi pancreatitis kūlohelohe, kahi e loli ai ka hoʻolālā o ke kelepona, a ulu ʻole ka hana. ʻO nā mea maʻi pancreatitis ka poʻe i hōʻino i ka momona momona, ka waiʻona, a me ka poʻe e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ana i ka pōloli.
ʻO nā kumu i hiki ke kumu i ka hewa i ka pancreas:
He aha ka insulin no?- nā maʻi o ka pā biliary a me nā ate;
- nā hōʻeha a me nā hana ʻino i ka pānaʻi ʻana;
- ka hoʻohana wā lōʻihi o ka antibiotics, diuretics, hormones;
- mai kahi ona me nā mea momonaʻole i ka home a i ka hana paha;
- hana hana;
- maʻi a me nā līlū maʻi - mumps, mycoplasmosis, hepatitis;
- nui loa;
- pōpilikia hanenital (kaʻili ʻana o nā auhau) a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā neoplasms;
- endocrine (hyperparathyroidism) a me nā maʻi cardiovascular;
- helminthic infestations;
- nā hana hoʻonāukiuki;
- hoʻoilina.
I kekahi mau manawa, ʻaʻole i hana ka hao i kāna mau hana no nā kumu ʻaʻole i hoʻokūpaʻa ʻia.
ʻO ka hemahema o Enzyme e hoʻopilikia nui i ka pono o ka mea maʻi a hōʻike ʻia i kēia mau ʻano hoʻohuli ʻia:
- ka ʻeha ma ka ʻaoʻao hema hema o ka ʻōpū e hiki koke ana i ka ʻai a kū ʻole wale;
- ho'ēmi i ka momona a hiki i kona pau ʻole;
- kamaʻilio ʻana o ka nalo, ka luaʻi;
- ʻohiʻā i ka ʻōpū;
- discoloration a me ke kūlike o nā feces.
ʻO ka pancreatitis Interstitial i hui pū ʻia e ka mālamalama o ka lumi intercellular a loaʻa i kahi poʻe ʻike leʻa mua; ʻeha ʻo ka hemorrhagic pancreatitis kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi loa o ka maʻi, ma ka 50% o nā hihia i pau me ka make o ka mea maʻi
Mahalo i nā mea e hana pono ʻole ai ka pancreas, aia nā loli i ke kaola o ke kino. Me ka nele o ka lipase, loaʻa i ka pākiki ke kala melemele a i ʻole ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻano maʻamau.
ʻO ka hapa o Amylase i hoʻopili ʻia me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻole i nā kākoi a me ka like o ke kahe wai me ka nui o nā manaʻo starch. Ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā mea kanu i ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi, ka maʻi maʻi, ka maʻi hōʻemi ʻana o ka huaʻai, a me ke ʻano o ke kino.
ʻO ka nele o ka trypsin proenzyme i hōʻike ʻia i ka hana o ka excretory hana o ka pancreas a hōʻike ʻia e ka piʻi nui ʻana o ka waihona o ka nitrogen a me nā aʻemeka undigested (muses fibers) i loko o nā feces. Hele ka ʻala i ka ʻeke a loaʻa nā mea ʻala ʻoluʻolu maikaʻi ʻole.
Ma muli o ka lawa ʻole o ka hoʻowalewale ʻana o ka meaʻai ma ka pākī liʻiliʻi, hoʻonui ʻia ka hana ʻana a hoʻomehana ʻia ka defecate.
ʻO ka pancreatin ka mea kanu kumu no ka pancreatic dysfunction.
Ke pale nei i ka puka o waho o ka mea huna, hoʻoweliweli ʻia ka ʻenehana "keu" e hana hewa. Ma kahi o ka ninini ʻana i ka meaʻai, hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻokaʻawale i ka membrane mucous o ka pancreas, ka mea e alakaʻi ai i kona maʻi - pancreatitis.
I ka hihia no ka hōʻino o nā moku o Langerans, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka synthesis o ka insulin, a ulu nā ʻano i mua o ka maʻi diabetes. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā cell beta i ka wahi i hoʻopili ʻia, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī e hāʻule.
Hoʻohana ʻia ka lawehala
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻihoʻi i ka pancreas me nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me kahi meaʻai kūpono. E hoʻonohonoho i ka digestive tract, hoʻonā a hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā hoʻomākaukau eʻai - Creon, Pancreatin, Festal.
Inā hui pū ʻia ka pancreatitis e ka luaʻi pinepine ʻana, a laila hoʻohana ʻia e hana maʻamau i ke kaulahao ʻana o ka wai-paʻakai, no ka laʻana, kahi hopena o Sodium Chloride. ʻO ka wīwī o ka mālama ʻana i ka lapaʻau lāʻau. I nā pilikia ʻoi loa ka hana ʻōpala, ʻōlelo ʻia nā mea kanu makua a i ʻole ka intravenous.
Lawe ʻia ka mālama ʻana o ka pancreatitis maʻa mau i kahi keʻena haukapila, no laila, inā i nā hōʻailona ʻano, pono e kāhea i ka hui ambulance. Ma mua o ka hōʻea ʻana o nā kauka, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻai i ka meaʻai, ua ʻōlelo ʻia e inu i ka wai i kēlā me kēia 30-60 mau minuke i ka 1/4 kīʻaha. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i ke ʻano i ka wā e noho ana me nā kuli i kou mau wāwae i ʻōpū. ʻO kahi lohi maloʻo, i hoʻopili ʻia ma ke kua i ka projection o ka pancreas, e kōkua i ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ka hōʻeha.
