Ua lohe nā maʻi maʻi āpau i ka hui Tenena Novonordisk, i hoʻolaʻa ʻia kēia ʻatikala. Heʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo kēia ʻoihana lapaʻau e hana i nā kēla penfill penikala, syringe penens no nā inikini insulin a ʻoi aku.
No ka manawa mua, ua kūkulu ka ʻoihana i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā kahu manu holoholona i 1923, mahalo i nā mea maʻi he nui i loaʻa ke ola. ʻO ʻAukake Krot - ua loaʻa i ka alakaʻi ʻepekema ʻoihana ʻoihana no kahi makana no ka loaʻa. I ka wā o ka makahiki, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia kahi lāʻau lapaʻau wikiwiki antiidiabetic, i kapa ʻia ʻo Actrapid.
I ka wā e hiki mai ana, hāʻawi ʻo Novo Nordisk i ka maʻi diabetes me ka ʻokoʻa o ka manawa o ka hana, ʻo ia hoʻi ka prototype o Protofan. I ka makahiki 1946, ua kuhi ʻia ʻo Isofaninsulin, i ka makahiki 1951 e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ai nā lāʻau lapaʻau hoʻokaʻa gula me ka makahiki 1953, a i ka makahiki 1953, ua puka mai kekahi ʻano kumu o ka insulin - Zinksuspension.
Ma hope aku, hoʻomaka ka ʻoihana kūʻai olakino e hana i nā mea hoʻomohala i hana i ka palalike e pili ana i ka insulins amorphous a me ke crystalline. I nā makahiki 40-70, puka mai nā insulins monocomponent me nā lepo ʻole. I ka makahiki 1981, ua lilo ʻo Novo Nordisk i hui mua ma ka honua e loaʻa i ka insulin kanaka monocomponent. Kuhi ʻia kēia lāʻau lapaʻau ma o kahi kaʻina hana biotechnological paʻakikī o ke hoʻomau ʻana i nā huina huapau.
Mai ka 1980s, ua kāʻili ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka pilikia o ka hoʻokele ʻana i ka hormone a ua hoʻomohala i nā penikala syringe kūikawā e ʻae ana i ka dosage pololei a kōkua i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi i nā kūlana āpau.
Akā ʻo nā mea insulins a Novo Nordisk i kaulana loa i waena o nā maʻi maʻi i kēia mau lā a he aha nā mea e pono ai a me nā mea e pono ai?
ʻO ka hoʻomakaʻana o Novo Nordisk insulin
ʻO ka mea mua, pono e hoʻokaʻawale ka lāʻau lapaʻau Levemir (Detemir). ʻO kēia ka analogue analog hou loa, he ʻenehana hana kūikawā o ka hana lōʻihi (a lā i kekahi lā). Eia kekahi ma kahi pālahalaha kikoʻī, he ʻano liʻiliʻi ia o ka hana a hāʻawi i ka dinamika subtle i nā momona koʻikoʻi ma ka maʻi maʻi.
Ua hiki nō ʻo Levemir ke loaʻa pololei nā kaila koko ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me ka NPH hilinaʻi nui ʻia. He mea pono ia mai ka hui piha o nā insulins i kēia lāʻau lapaʻau i ka liʻiliʻi o ka hopena o ka ulu ʻana i ka hyperglycemia a me hypoglycemia.
ʻO NovoRapid, he mea ʻē paha i kapa ʻia ʻo ka insulin Aspart, he ʻano hoʻohālike o ke ʻanā o ke kanaka me ka wikiwiki. Ma hope o ka lawelawe ʻana, e hopena ka hopena ma hope o 10-20 mau minuke, a e hopena ka hopena o ka hopena ma hope o nā hola 1-3 a kū i ka 3-5 hola.
ʻO NovoMix 30 kahi wana analogi ʻelua-ʻelua. He hopena wikiwiki a wānana ʻia a hiʻona ʻano o ka hana kino o ka hana ʻana o ka hormone. Ma muli o ka hopena lōʻihi, hoʻolako ʻia kahi kōmole hoʻāno insulin basal.
Ma waena o nā insulins a ʻoihana ʻenehana i:
- Protafan NM;
- Mikstard 30 NM;
- Actrapid NM.
Hōʻike nā loiloi o ka hapa nui o nā poʻe maʻi maʻi i ka mea e hoʻomaka ai ka Isofan insulin e hana i nā hola 1.5 ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi. Loaʻa ka ʻike kiʻekiʻe ma ka 4-12 mau hola, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka hopena he 24 mau hola.
ʻO Mikstard 30 NM kahi pūpū o ke ʻano o ke kanaka o ka ulu ʻana o ka hana (pōkole, lōʻihi). Loaʻa i kēia lāʻau lapaʻau i kāna hoʻonohonoho pū ʻana he 70% Isofan a me 30% soluble hormone. No ka mea ua mākaukau ke ʻano komo i loko o ka hale hana, hoʻomaʻamaʻa kēia i ka hoʻomaka ʻana a hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i ke ʻano kūpono.
ʻO Actrapid NM kahi hana wikiwiki i ka insulin kanaka. Ma hope o ka injection, hopena ka hopena ma hope o 30 mau minuke, e hōʻea i kona kiʻekiʻe ma hope o 60-120 mau minuke a haʻalele i ka noho ma hope o 8 mau hola.
Heʻokoʻa ke kumukūʻai o nā lāʻau antidiabetic:
- Levemir - mai 363 a 1784 mau rubles ;;
- NovoRapid - mai 920 a 3336 rubles .;
- NovoMix 30 - mai 1609 a 2030 mau rubles ;;
- Protafan NM - mai 400 a 1770 mau rubles ;;
- Mikstard 30 NM - mai 660 a 1,500 rubles .;
- Actrapid NM - mai 400 a 1000 mau rubles.
Nā ʻōkuhi no ka hoʻohana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau
Loaʻa ka Insulin Novo Nordisk mai i ka pancreas puaʻa a i ʻole KRG. He mea pono ia no ka ʻaina puaʻa puaʻa, i hoʻohālikelike ai me ka bovine, hoʻonāukiuki i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā antibodies i nā kānaka, no ka mea, ʻokoʻa ka mea e kū ai ka hormone a ke kanaka ma kahi o ka molekika amino.
Ma ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau me nā lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau a me ka monocomponent. Eia kekahi, hoʻopau ka huikala o ka hopena i ka mea huna o nā antibodies i ka hormone.
Hāʻawi ʻo Novo Nordisk i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻalahi a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau he hopena lōʻihi. Ke loaʻa nei kēia mau lāʻau i ka zinc, protamine, a me kahi pōpoki e hoʻololi i ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hopena hypoglycemic, ka lōʻihi o ka hopena a me ka hopena.
ʻO ka pharmacokinetics o ka subcutaneously e lawelawe ai i ka insulin e loaʻa i ka hopena hypoglycemic ma luna o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ke kahe koko a ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kōna waiwai, ʻo ia hoʻi o nā io, nā ʻūʻa a me nā momona momona.
Hoʻoponopono ʻia nā glucose homeostasis i loko o ka puʻuwai. A laila, komo ka insulin i nā veins, kahi e hoʻopau ʻia ai ka 50% o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, a komo ke koena i ka kaila peripheral.
Hoʻohui i nā type 1 a me ke ʻano type type 2, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā mākaukau Novo Nordisk i kēlā mau hihia:
- ka hoʻomaka mua ʻana o ka ate cirrhosis;
- schizophrenia
- hepatitis mākia;
- luhi holoʻokoʻa;
- nā pilikia naʻau;
- hulu manu;
- paakiki i ka wā hāpai;
- thyrotoxicosis;
- hualahi
ʻO ka koho i ke ʻano a me ka maʻi o ka insulin e hoʻoholo ʻia e ka uha, ʻano a me ke ʻano o ka maʻi, me ka hoʻomaka a me ka lōʻihi o ka hopena hypoglycemic. Hoʻomau mau ʻia ka hoʻonā mua a me ka hana mua ma nā ʻano paʻa. Inā maʻamau ke ʻano o ka mea maʻi, a ma ka hihia o ka hyperglycemia i ʻike mua ʻia, ka mea ʻaʻole i hui pū ʻia e ka ketoacidosis me ke kō o ka puna a hiki i ka 8.88 mmol / l, ua koho ʻia ke ʻano like me kēia: 0.25 mau pākahi i kēlā me kēia paona o ka paona.
Ma hope o ka ʻōlelo mua, ʻike ʻia kahi ʻano hoʻokele e loaʻa ana i ka ʻike kiʻekiʻe o ka lāʻau. A laila, ma o ka uha o ka hopena, ua hoʻoholo ʻia nā dole ma hope.
I kahi hihia o ka overdose, ua pākīkia ka mea maʻi me kaʻili a i ʻole glucagon.
Pono e lulu pono i nā ʻōpiha o ka zinc i mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana, a laila hoʻokomo i loko o kahi syringe a hoʻomaʻamaʻa iki ʻia i loko o kahi vein i lalo o ka ʻili.
Loaʻa nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao a me nā contraindications o ka insulin therapy
ʻO ka hopena maʻamau e hōʻike ai i ka hypoglycemia. Hōʻike ʻia kēia ʻano maʻi e ka palpitations, ka pōloli, ka dizz, malaise, nā kahe, hōʻuluʻulu, ka tigna i ka lehelehe a me nā lehelehe.
Hiki i ke Atrophic a i ʻole lipertisopia hypertrophic e ulu i kahi o ka hoʻokele. Hōʻike ʻia paha ke kūleʻa ʻana o ka insulin a mau paha Aia kekahi mau maʻi i kahi maʻi āpau ākea a kūloko paha a me ka hypoglycemic coma.
ʻO nā hoʻohālikelike i ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā hoʻomākaukau no Novo Nordisk he hypersensitivity i nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me hypoglycemia. ʻO ka maʻi diabetes me ka hala ʻole o ka lele i loko o ka lolo a me ka ʻoi aku o ka coronary e pono e hāʻawi i ka mālama kūikawā me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka insulin.
ʻO nā insulins o Novo Nordisk hoʻi ua contraindicated i nā mea ʻē aʻe:
- ʻaʻole pono e hoʻohana i ka insulin i ka wā hānau a me nā hana;
- koma;
- maʻi lēpela;
- diabetes ketoacidosis;
- nā kūlana precomatous.
Pehea e hana ai a no ke aha e pono ai ka insulin o ke kumuhana o ke wikiō ma kēia ʻatikala.
