ʻO kekahi o nā mea pono o ka hana maʻamau o ke kino he cholesterol. Lawe ʻo ia i ka hana i loko o lipid metabolism, kahi mea paʻakikī kūlohelohe a me ka hana biochemical ma loko o nā pūpuna o nā mea ola a pau.
Maʻaola Cholesterol, ʻo ka hapa nui o ia mea i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ke kino o ke kanaka (ate, nā kelekona sex, adrenal cortex), a me kahi mea i ʻike ʻia me ka meaʻai. ʻO kahi lipid ka mea nui o nā membran cell, e hāʻawi ana i ka mālama ʻia o ka permeability selective, e pono ai no ka hana ʻana i nā mea kū i loko a i waho. Aia ka Cholesterol ma waena o nā hui polar o ka phospholipids, e hoʻemi ana i ke kahe o nā membrane cell.
Hana ʻia ʻo Cholesterol i nā hana he nui, ʻo ia ka mahele o ke kūkulu ʻana i nā membames; mālama ʻia i ka momona subcutaneous; ke kumu no ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā hua palaoa; komo i ke kāpiliʻana o nā testosterone steroid (ald testosterone, estradiol, cortisol), pono no ka hoʻokumuʻana o ka vitamina D.
Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia i nā Cholesterol ma loko o ke akea i nā ʻano like ʻole:
- I ke kiko manuahi;
- I ke ʻano o eters;
- Nā huaʻōwili Bile.
ʻO ke kāpiliʻana o ke kolamu i loko o ke kanaka he hana paʻakikī, ka mea o ka nui o nā maka. I loko o kēlā me kēia o lākou ka huli ʻana o kekahi mau mea i loko o nā mea'ē aʻe. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā loli a pau ma muli o ka hana o nā enzyme, kahi e loaʻa ai ka phosphatase, reductase a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hana o nā enzyme e nā hormones e like me ka insulin a me ka glucagon.
Uaʻike kekahi mau ʻano kolamu ma ke kino i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā maʻi like ʻole. ʻO ka mea weliweli a me ka maʻamau ka atherosclerosis, kahi i ka pilikia o ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular ma muli o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā pā o atherosclerotic i loko o nā moku.
ʻO ia ke kumu e hoʻokūkū ai i ka hoʻonāʻana o ka cholesterol metabolism i kahi hōʻemi o ke olakino kanaka.
Ka pūnāwai o lipoproteins i nā protein i waena o ia mau lipids (kolamu, triglycerides). Hōʻoiaʻiʻo lākou i ka komo ʻana o ka lipolika wai-ʻole i loko o ke kaʻe.
Lawelawe ʻia ʻo Lipoproteins e lawe i nā leʻa, ka mea a lākou e koho ai i kahi kūpono loa a lawe aku i kahi e pono ai i kēia manawa.
ʻO ka nui nui o nā lipine manuahi e lawe ai i ka triglycerides he chylomicrons
Pono lipoproteins haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (VLDL) e neʻe i kahi triglycerides hou hou mai i ka ate ke pili i ka pili adipose.
ʻO Intermediate Density Lipoproteins (LPPPs) ka pilina waena ma waena o VLDL a me LDL.
ʻO ka lipoproteins haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (LDL) ke kuleana no ka lawe ʻana i ka kolamu mai ka paleka i nā pehu o ke kino a ua kapa ʻia he cholesterol maikaʻi ʻole.
ʻO ka lipoproteins density kiʻekiʻe (HDL), a i ʻole ka hoʻopololei maikaʻi, e komo ana i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka kolamu mai nā kiko o ke kino a lawe aku hoʻi i ka puʻupuʻu.
I kēia manawa, ua hōʻoia ka poʻe ʻepekema i nā koena o nā chylomicrons, a me VLDL a me LDL, e kumu i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kahi maʻi e like me ka atherosclerosis.
Hiki i nā lipid metabolism ke hana i ʻelua ala nui - endogenous a exogenous. Kūkū ʻia kēia waihona i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā lipids i ka nīnau.
ʻO kēia ʻano ʻokoʻa o ka metabolism kekahi ʻano o ka cholesterol i komo i ke kino mai waho (me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka waiima, ʻai a me nā huahana meaʻai ʻē aʻe). Hoʻololi ka hoʻololi i ke kaʻina hana.
ʻO ka hana mua, ʻo ia ka lawe ʻana o ka kolamu a me ka momona i loko o ka wahi gastrointestinal, kahi e hoʻohuli ʻia nei lākou i loko o nā chylomicrons,
A laila hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā chylomicrons i loko o ke kahawai ma o ka mimi lymphatic thoracic (ka luna lymphatic e hōʻiliʻili i ka lymph ma ke kino).
A laila, i ka pilina me nā kiko peripheral, chylomicrons hāʻawi i kā lākou mau momona. Ma luna o lākou maʻa nā lipases lipoprotein e hiki ai i nā momona ke hoʻohuihui i ke ʻano o nā momona momona a me ke glycerol, i pili i ka luku ʻia o nā triglycerides.
ʻO nā chylomicrons hou e hōʻemi ʻia i ka nui. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hana ʻana o nā lipoproteins kiʻekiʻe-kala, kahi e hoʻoiho ʻia i ka ʻōpala
Ke hoʻokō ʻia nei kā lākou hana me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻana o ka apolipoprotein E me ko lākou mea i koe.
I ka hanana a ʻo ke kolamu i hoʻokaʻaka ʻia i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka e ka ʻōpala, hele mai kāna metabolism e like me kēia ʻano lalo:
- ʻO nā pipi a me nā kolamu hou i kūkulu ʻia i loko o ke kino e hoʻopili iā VLDL.
- Hele ʻo VLDL i ke kahe koko, e hele ana ma waena o nā meaʻai, mai kahi lākou e pālahalaha ai i nā kiko peripheral.
- I ka loaʻa ʻana o ka huelo a me ka kiko adipose, wehe lākou i ka glycerol a me nā momona momona.
- Ma hope o ka nalowale ʻana o ka lipoproteins haʻahaʻa loa i ka hapa nui o kā lākou momona, lilo lākou i liʻiliʻi a kapa ʻia he mau lipoproteins density.
- ʻO ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka lipoprotein -he piha, kahi e hōʻiliʻili i nā lipoproteins haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa mai ka periphery.
- ʻO ka lipoproteins hua waena e komo i ka palupalu, mai ka kō i ke koko.
- Ma laila lākou e ʻemō ai ma lalo o ka mana o nā enzymes i LDL,
- ʻAi ʻia ka LDL cholesterol a ua kī ʻia ʻo ia e nā ʻāpana like ʻole e ka mea paʻa i kā lākou kiʻi ʻona ma nā ʻĀpana LDL.
Aia nā hōʻike o waho a me loko o ka kolamu kiʻekiʻe ma ke koko. E noʻonoʻo pono iā lākou i nā kikoʻī.
Nā-ʻae Hoʻopili kēia i ka momona momona, pālahalaha nui a me ka spleen, endocrine a me nā maʻi renal, xanthomas ma ka ʻili;
Kekahi Ke hilinaʻi nei inā he overabundance a i ʻole nele nā mea. ʻO ka maʻi diabetes mellitus, ka haneli metabol ka mana, hiki i ka mea ʻai maikaʻi ke hoʻomohala i ka nui o ka kolamu. Ma nā hihia o ka makeke a me ka mālama ʻole ʻana i ka moʻomeheu meaʻai, me ka huehue ʻana a me kekahi mau hemahema genetic, ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona o ka nele o lipid.
I kēia manawa, ua hōʻike nā kauka i kekahi mau maʻi o ka maʻi dyslipidemic nui, kahi i ka ʻai ʻia e ka lipid metabolism. Hiki ke hōʻike i ka maʻi maʻamau ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka nānā lipid mua a me nā ʻano hōʻike like ʻole.
- ʻO ka Hypercholesterolemia. He maʻi kūlou lākou e ka mea i hoʻouna ʻia e ke ʻano mana nui. Loaʻa i loko o nā ala o ka hana a me ka hana o nā mea LDL. Hoʻohālikelike ia e ka hoʻonui nui ʻana i ka LDL a me ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka atherosclerosis diffuse;
- Hypertriglyceridemia. Hoʻohālikelike ia e ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka triglycerides i hui pū me ka kūlia o ka insulin a me kahi hana hewa i ka hoʻoponopono o ke kahe o ke koko a me nā pae uric acid;
- ʻO nā haʻalulu ma nā kaʻina metabola o nā lipoproteins density kiʻekiʻe. He maʻi autosomal lelo i loko o ka mau mutations i loko o nā kuʻina, e alakaʻi ana i ka emi ʻana o HDL a me ka atherosclerosis awal;
- Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻano o ka hyperlipidemia.
Inā ʻike ʻia kahi kuhi hewa a ʻole hōʻino paha o ka metabolism o ke kolamu ma ke kino, pono ia e hoʻokō i ka mālama ʻana, e like me ke kauoha a ke kauka. Nui nā hoʻohana i nā ala ʻē aʻe o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka cholesterol, ʻoiai nā mea pinepine ke kōkua a kōkua i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka cholesterol, ʻo ke kumu o ka pathology a me nā makahiki o ka mea maʻi.
E pili ana i ka metabolism cholesterol i wehewehe ʻia i ke wikiō ma kēia ʻatikala.