He aha ka mea maʻi diabetes insipidus? ʻO ka mea mua, he maʻi endocrinological kēia, nā hōʻailona nui o ka make mau ʻana o ka makewai a me ka urination pākuʻi.
Hōʻike nui ʻia i nā ʻōpio ʻo 25-30 mau makahiki he nui, akā hiki ke hiki i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻoiai mai ka hānau.
Nā ʻano maʻi maʻi 'aʻai o ka insipidus a me nā kumu
ʻO ke kumu nui o ka diabetes insipidus ka nele o ka hormone antidiuretic (ADH a vasopressin), ka hana nui a ka mea e hoʻopili ai i ka renule tubule receptors a me ka hōʻoia i ka hoʻowali ʻana hou o nā kahe mai ka papa mua. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka Vasopressin i loko o ka hypothalamus o ka lolo, mai kahi e hoʻokomo ai i ke kahe koko ma o ka pūnaewele hypothalamic-pituitary.
No laila, hiki ke kue i ka hana o ka ADH hiki ke hele a i ʻole ma ka pae o ka lolo (ʻoi ʻole ka liʻiliʻi o ka hana ʻana a i ʻole ka mea pilikia ʻole i ke komo ʻana i ka plasma koko), a i ʻole ke pae o nā ʻelele (piha a ʻokoʻa paha o ka pale ʻana i ke kino renal).
Ma kēia mea, hoʻānā ka ʻokoʻa o kēia mau ʻano o ka maʻi diabetes.
1. insipidus diabetes waena
E hiki mai i loko o nā hihia i hala iho nei:
- He ʻano volumetric o ka hypothalamus a i ʻole ka lau pituitary;
- ʻO ka hōʻeha metastatic o kēia mau hana;
- ʻO ka encephalitis Viral a me nā bacterial, meningitis, e pili ana i ka maʻi pākaukau, ke ʻano syphilitic a me nā mea ʻē aʻe;
- Nā hōʻeha o ka lolo traumatic: concussion, contusion of the brain;
- ʻO nā pilikia o ke koko: nā kuhi, nā hematomas intracerebral;
- ʻO nā hopena o ka hōʻea neurosurgical oponopono;
- ʻO nā hewa kolohe ka kongenital o ka diencephalon a me midbrain.
Intipidus diabetes Central mau manawa ma mua o ka maʻamau ma mua o ka maʻi mellitus maʻamau, akā ma Rūsia ka nui o nā poʻe e loaʻa nei i kēia maʻi ma kahi o 21 tausani mau kānaka.
2. insipidus maʻi 'āpī
Nā kumu:
- Ke kūpeʻe genetic o nā ʻaee no ADH;
- ʻEha ka maʻi ainepili (pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis);
- Hypertension
- Renal amyloidosis;
- ʻO nā helu cysts maha;
- Palauho luhi kūleʻa;
- Puka i ke anemia cell;
- Hoʻohana lōʻihi no kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau.
3. Hōʻailona psychogenic
ʻO ka maʻamau i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi.
4. Insipidus maʻi maʻi helu
Kekahi helehelena luhi, pinepine pinepine e pili ana i ka wā hapai, e pili pū ana me ka luku ʻia o ka plasenta o nā molekī ADH. Ma hope o ka hānau keiki ʻana, nalowale nā hōʻailona.
Ma ka hapakolu o nā hihia, e maopopo ʻole ana ka etiology.
Nā hōʻike maʻi maʻi o ka maʻi insipidus
Hoʻomaka maʻa pinepine ʻia ka maʻi, kahi papa holomua e ulu iki ʻole ʻia i waho o ka ʻano.
- ʻO ka hōʻailona ʻoi ka nui o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka manawa o ka urination, nā maʻi maʻi urinate i kekahi mau manawa i ka pō (nocturia e hana ana), hiki i ka enuresis ke ulu. ʻO ka nui o ka urine i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā maʻamau ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 3-4 lita, akā i nā hihia koʻikoʻi, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā ʻano hoʻoilina o ka maʻi, hiki ke piʻi aku i 25-30 lita.
- I kekahi manawa aia ka hoʻonuiʻana i ke aniani. Ma muli o ka nalowale loa o ka nui o ka puna i loko o ka urine, ua emi iho ka turgor o ka ʻili, lilo i mea lahilahi, maʻalahi e piʻi ʻia, ʻaʻole ia e kū pololei ana i kahi manawa lōʻihi.
- Hōʻike nā ʻili a me ka mucous membranes, e alakaʻi ana i ka ulceration a me ka nui o ka trauma. ʻO ka Stomatitis, gastritis, colitis e hoʻomohala.
- Hoʻomanawanui ʻia nā mea maʻi e ka makewai mau. Ma muli o ka inu nui a me ka nui o ka urination, ka wehe ʻana o ka ʻōpū a me ka ʻoka ʻana he ʻano.
Ma muli o ka nalowale nui o ka wai, hele mai ka maʻi maloʻo nui. - ʻO ka haʻahaʻa o ka hiamoe, ka hala mau ʻana o ka wai kahe e alakaʻi i ka hiʻohiʻona o nā maʻi neurotic, nā nāwaliwali o nā mea maʻi, ka hoʻolilo kaumaha. ʻO ke ʻano he kina, ka huhū, ke ʻano pinepine o ke ʻano.
- Ma ke kaʻina oncological o ka lolo, e hele pinepine nā pilikia neurological concomitant a me ka endocrine. Hiki i kēia mau mea ke kaʻa, sensory, nā kuʻuna loiloi, nā kuʻuna o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana a me ke kaulike.
- Hoʻopili ʻia nā kaʻina hana hoʻopiʻi e ka hyperthermia, kahi piʻi i nā keena koko keʻokeʻo a me ka ESR i ke koko. ʻO nā ʻeha a huki paha nā ʻike ma ka lumbar wahi paha.
- Hoʻohui aku i nā hōʻailona o luna o ka maʻi insipidus maʻi ma mua, loaʻa i nā kāne nā pilikia me ka libido a me ka potency.
- ʻO kēia mau hōʻailonaʻalo ka hōʻailona o ke kiʻi o ka lāʻau lapaʻau i loko o nā wahine: nā kāne hiwahiwa, nā pilikia me ka ovulation a me ka ʻono. Loaʻa nā kuhi hewa i nā manawa o ka hāpai ʻana.
I nā keiki ma hope o ʻekolu mau makahiki, ʻike ʻia nā hōʻike ʻike o ka maʻi. Hoʻomaka pinepine nā ʻūlū i ka hiʻona, pohō i ke kaumaha, uwē, makemake ʻole e inu i ka wai ma o ka waiū, ʻeha ʻia i ka constipation. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, ʻaʻole i ʻike ka manawa i loko o nā keiki liʻiliʻi a hiki ke alakaʻi.
Pehea e hoʻomaopopo ai i ka insipidus maʻi
- ʻO ka maʻi maʻamau i ka maʻi diabetes insipidus he urinalysis maʻamau, a me ka urinalysis e like me Zimnitsky. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona ka hoʻonui i ka nui o nā urine o kēlā me kēia lā, ka nui o ka mahele pō, a me kahi hoʻohaʻahaʻa i kona pilina ma waena. I ka urine, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā pū me nā protein. ʻO ka heleʻana o ka glucose, acetone, ʻaʻole e like me ka maʻi maʻamau, he ʻonaninā, akā e loaʻa pinepine ana i ka wā e hui pū ʻia ai kēia mau ʻaoʻao ʻelua.
- I ka hōʻike koko, e hoʻonui ka nui o ka sodium, creatinine, urea, a me ke koena nitrogen ka nui.
- ʻO ke kumu lāʻau ʻoi aku ke kumu kūʻai nui, akā maʻalahi ka ʻike, ʻo ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hormone antidiuretic ma plasma. ʻO ka maʻamau, aia ʻo kēia helu ma mua o 6 mmol no ka lita.
- Hoʻololi maikaʻi. Hoʻomaka ʻia ka mea maʻi e kaupalena i ke kau ʻana o kekahi mau lolo a hiki i kona ʻano maʻamau ke hoʻomāloino pono. Hoʻohana pū kekahi ala i ka wā pono ke hoʻokaʻawale i waena o ke ʻano waena a me a i ʻole nā maʻi o ka maʻi insipidus maʻi. ʻO kahi loiloi o nā loli i ka nohona maikaʻi, kahi hōʻike no ka urine excreted.
- E hoʻokaʻawale i nā palaka helehelena, kahi loiloi ultrasound o ka organ a me ka vascular moe, hoʻohana ʻia ka excretory urography;
- I nā hanana lohi, pono e lawe i ka mea hīmeni ma ka biopsy;
- Hoʻonui ka X-ray o ka ʻiwi i ka ʻike ʻana i ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā ʻōiwi iwi o ka ʻōpala "Turkish", ke ʻano o nā hiʻona o ka waihona a i ʻole ka waihona;
- ʻO ka hoʻopili a me ka hoʻonaninani resonance résonance he mea pono ke ʻike i ka benign a i ʻole ke hōʻino, a me nā ʻano hoʻonāukiuki i ka lolo;
- I mua o ka mōʻaukala ʻohana, ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi hōʻike genetic;
I kekahi hihia, ua hōʻike ʻia ka insipidus maʻi maʻi maʻi e ka kūkākūkā o kahi nephrologist, neurologist, endocrinologist a me neurosurgeon.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa
ʻO ka hōʻeha nui o nā hōʻike o ka maʻi e mālama pololei ʻia ana i ka nui o ka wai i hoʻopiha ʻia.
Hoʻomaka ka mālamaʻana i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi indipidus me ke koho ʻana i kahi papa meaʻai me ka hoʻokomo ʻana o ka nui o ka wai maʻa, nā wai inu, compotes, soups. Hoʻolahalaha i ka nui o ka papa paʻakai i ʻelua greka i kēlā me kēia lā, ʻono a me nā mea inu ʻakaʻawa. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia e haʻalele i nā meaʻai nā ka ʻai piha, nā mea ʻai, a me nā mea i kau i nā meaʻai e hoʻemi i ka luhi ma nā keiki. He meaʻai maikaʻi a momona i ka paʻakai: nā lau, nā hua. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻo ka maʻi maʻamau i ka piliona insipidus e pili i ka papa ʻiku a i ʻole ʻumi.
E like me ke kauʻana o nā mea hoʻonaninani, hoʻohana ʻia nā kinolika synthetic o ka hormone antidiuretic. Loaʻa lākou i ke ʻano o nā papa a i ʻole nā hāʻule o ka ihu.
I kekahi mau hihia, hōʻike ʻia nā diuretics e like me spironolactone no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka pae sodium koko.
Ma ka hihia o ka oncological kaʻina o ka hypothalamus a i ʻole gluitalam gland, ua nīnau ʻia ka nīnau no ke keʻakeʻa ʻana i ke kaʻina, ʻo ka chemotherapy a i ʻole ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka radiological.
I nā maʻi hopohopo, ua kuhikuhi ʻia ke ʻano antibacterial a i ʻole antiviral therapy. ʻO nā lāʻau anti-inflammatory, nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻonui ai i ka pale ʻana ke hoʻohana ʻia.
ʻOiai he maʻi maʻamau ka maʻi intipidus a he mea liʻiliʻi loa ia e hele mai nei ma mua o ke kō, hiki nō naʻe ke hōʻailona i nā maʻi make a alakaʻi i nā hopena koʻikoʻi. No laila, he mea nui loa ia e hoʻolohe pono ai i nā hōʻailona pili i ka maʻi maʻi insipidus, hana i kahi maʻi maʻi a hoʻomaka i ka mālama ʻana.
