ʻO ka atherosclerosis kahi maʻi maʻi koʻikoʻi nui e pili ana i ka lawe ʻia ʻana o ke kolikoli nui ma ka lima o loko o nā arteri. A ke hopena, hoʻomohala i kahi hana maʻi palupalu i loko o nā moku, a hāmeʻa mai kā lākou lumen. E like me ʻoe e ʻike ai, ʻo ka mea hou aku i ka venne lumen, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hāʻawi ʻana o ke koko i nā ʻokoʻa pili. Hiki i kēia maʻi ke alakaʻi i kahi nui o nā hopena maikaʻi loa no ke kino, no laila pono e ʻike ʻia kona pathogenesis mai a i.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka mālama ʻana i ka atherosclerosis ma ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka cholesterol. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, hoʻohana i nā lāʻau anti-atherosclerotic (Statins, Fibrates, resino anino-exchange a me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no ka hoʻōla a nikotinic), hana hoʻomaʻamaʻa maʻamau no ka hoʻemi ʻana i ke kaupaona ʻana, a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka cholesterol a me nā momona holoholona he mea nui nō hoʻi. Inā makemake ʻia, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā lāʻau kuʻuna i hiki ke hoʻomākaukau maʻalahi ma ka home.
ʻO ka prognosis no ka atherosclerosis ka mea i hilinaʻi i ka nui o ka pohō, ka lōʻihi loa a ma ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana o nā maʻi.
No ka pale aku, e kuhikuhi ʻia e haʻalele i nā hewa maikaʻi, ʻōnaehana paʻa i ka hāmeʻa, mālama i ka hoʻoikaika kino a me ka ʻai.
No ke aha i hoʻomohala ai ka atherosclerosis?
Atherosclerosis ma ke ʻano he kaʻina multifactorial. Me ke kumu, mamao loa mai ke kumu hoʻokahi e alakaʻi ai i kona ʻano. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole paʻa ke kumu o nā maʻi. Ua hōʻike nā kauka i nā mea pōpilikia e hoʻonui i ka hiki i kahi pathology.
ʻO nā kumu koʻikoʻi e alakaʻi pinepine i ka hoʻomohala ʻia o nā maʻi:
- Predisposition genetic - ke nānā pinepine ʻia ka ulu ʻana o atherosclerosis i nā pili pili. Ua kapa ʻia kēia he "ʻohana ʻohana koʻikoʻi."
- ʻAʻole maikaʻi ke lilo i kaupaona momona no ka mea e hoʻohui i nā kilograms, a no ka atherosclerosis he kūlana maikaʻi loa ia, no ka mea, ua hoʻonāukiuki ka hiʻona i nā ʻano o nā metabolism, e komo pū ka metabolism lipid.
- Ka hōʻino maikaʻi ʻana i ka waiʻona - hikiʻole ke hoʻopōʻino i nā mea āpau a me nā kīʻaha koko, e hoʻololi maʻalahi i ko lākou ʻano.
- ʻO ka ulaula - ka hopena maikaʻi o ka nikotine ma ka pūpū, hoʻonui i ka hiʻona o ka pā vascular, e ʻoi loa ka palupalu a emi i ka elastic.
- Hoʻomaka nā kāne i nā ʻike mua o ka atherosclerosis ma ka awelika 10 mau makahiki ma mua o ka wahine, a ʻehā mau maʻi ʻehā pinepine.
- ʻAiuma - ke koʻikoʻi ia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka maʻi, no ka mea he 40 mau makahiki i hiki ai i ke kino ke ʻano o nā kaʻina pili
- ʻO ka maʻi diabetes mellitus kekahi o nā kumu pōpilikia loa, no ka mea, ke hoʻomohala nei ka maʻi maʻi i nā pōʻino i nā moku liʻiliʻi a me nā mea nui (micro- a me ka macroangiopathy), kahi mea i hoʻopili wale ʻia i nā papa o atherosclerotic i loko o ko lākou mau paia.
- A me kahi ala e hoʻolaʻa ai - me kahi liʻiliʻi o ka hana pilikino, e hoʻomaka ana kahi kanaka e kau i ka paona, a laila ʻike ka hana.
- ʻO kekahi mau hana hōʻeuʻeu o ka lipid metabolism, i ka nui - kahi e hoʻohiolo ana i ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi ʻana o nā lipoproteins kiʻekiʻe, "maikaʻi", ʻaʻole i ka cholesterol atherogenic.
- ʻO ka maʻi metabolic ka inoa ākea no nā hōʻike like ʻole e like me ke hypertension, modes type moderity (ka hapanui o nā momona momona i loko o ka ʻōpū), nā triglycerides kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa glucose i hoʻonaninani (ʻo ia paha kahi harbinger o ka maʻi mellitus).
Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hopena o ka pilikia e pili i ka hopena o ke kino o ke kaumaha pinepine a me ka noʻonoʻo. ʻO ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka manaʻo hopohopo e alakaʻi i ka mea no ko lākou, ke piʻi pinepine ke koʻikoʻi, a me nā kīʻaha, ke hoʻohuli ʻia i ka pohala nui.
ʻO nā hōʻailona nui o ka atherosclerosis
I nā manawa mua, ʻo ka maʻi he asymptomatic. Hōʻike nā hōʻailona mua i ka wā e loaʻa mai nā hoʻonāukiuki i ke kino ma muli o ka hiki ke hoʻomohala ʻia. ʻO ka hōʻike ʻana o ke kalepona o nā paleka o ka atherosclerotic o nā wahī e pili ana i ka hoʻokona o ke kaʻina hana. Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia nā moku like ʻole i ke kaʻina, no laila, hiki i nā hōʻailona ke loaʻa i nā ʻokoʻa.
Atherosclerosis o nā palad coronary. I kēia hihia, ua hōʻeha ka coronary a i ʻole nā coronary e hōʻeha. Lawe lākou i nā koko oxygenated i ka puʻuwai. I ka wā e pōʻino ai lākou, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka myocardium ka nui o ka oxygen, a hiki ke hōʻike kēia iā ia iho i ke ʻano o ka hoʻouka ʻana o ka angina ʻano. ʻO Angina pectoris kahi hōʻike hōʻike pololei o ka maʻi naʻau coronary (CHD), kahi mau mea maʻi e ʻike ai i kahi wela wela, e hoʻihoʻi ana ma hope o ka sternum, pōkole o ka hanu a me ka makaʻu i ka make.
Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Angina pectoris nā angina pectoris. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia kēlā mau hōʻeha i ka wā o ka hoʻoikaika kino o ka ʻano like ʻole, akā me nā kaʻina hana e hōʻeha nei, hiki iā lākou ke hōʻeha i ka hoʻomaha. A laila ua ʻike ʻia lākou me ka hoʻomaha angina pectoris. ʻO ka hōʻeha nui paha i nā lāʻau hiki ke alakaʻi i myocardial infarction - necrosis o ka "necrosis" o ka myocardium. ʻO ka mea kaumaha, ma kahi o nā hapalua o nā hihia, hiki i ka hōʻeha ʻeha ke alakaʻi i ka make.
Aheric atherosclerosis. Loaʻa pinepine ka maʻi o ka arch aortic. I kēia hihia, hiki ke hoʻopiʻi ka hoʻopiʻi o nā maʻi maʻi, no ka laʻana, ka dizz, ka palupalu nui, i kekahi manawa nāwaliwali, nā hōʻeha ʻōpū.
Atherosclerosis o ka arebula serebral (nā ipu cerebral). Ua haʻi ʻia kahi hōʻailona maʻi. Hoʻopilikia ʻia nā mea maʻi e nā mea hoʻomanaʻo hoʻomanaʻo, lilo lākou i nā paʻi nui, e loli mau ka ʻoliʻoli o lākou. Aia paha he mau headache a me nā loli hala cerebrovascular (hōʻeha ʻia ischemic attack). No kēlā mau mea maʻi, he ʻano nui ka hōʻailona ʻo Ribot: hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomanaʻo mau i nā hanana o nā makahiki i hala, akā hiki ʻole ke haʻi iki i kahi mea i hana ʻia i kahi lā a i ʻole ma mua. ʻAʻole pōʻino ka hopena o kēia mau hōʻino - hiki i kahi hōʻeha ke hoʻomohala (make o kahi ʻāpana o ka lolo).
Atherosclerosis o nā lāʻau me ka mesenteric (a i ʻole mesenteric). I kēia hihia, pili nā moku i ke komo ʻana i ka mesentery o ka pūpū. Kahi ʻia kēlā ʻano kaʻina hana. E nānā ka poʻe i nā wela ma ka ʻōpū, ka puʻu ʻana o ka maʻi (constipation or diarrhea). ʻO kahi hopena koʻikoʻi paha paha he puʻuwai ʻeha o ka ʻōpū, a ma hope iho he gangrene.
Atherosclerosis o nā wahī o ke keiki. ʻO ka mea mua, hoʻomaka ka poʻe maʻi e hoʻonui i ka pume, a aneane hiki ʻole ke hoʻēmi me ia me ke kōkua o nā lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO kēia ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka renal (kūloko, hōʻailona o ka maʻi) hypertension. Aia kekahi puʻupuʻu kekahi ma nā ʻāina lumbar, nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i ka urination. Hiki i ke kaʻina hana nui ke alakaʻi i ka hana ʻole o ka pilikia.
Aia pū kekahi kahi o atherosclerosis o nā ʻiwi o nā lalo o ke lalo - i ka maʻamau pinepine ia e koi ana, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke kiki ʻana i ka lumen o ka moku.
ʻO ka hōʻailona mua loa he "maʻi intermittent claudication" - ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea maʻi ke hele lōʻihi no ka ʻole o ka noho ʻana. ʻAe pinepine lākou i ka hoʻōki no ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka hikiwawe o nā wāwae a me nā wāwae, kahi manaʻo hōʻā i kahi mea lahilahi, ke kino pale a iʻole ka cyanosis, ka manaʻo o nā "goose bumps".
E like me nā hoʻopiʻi ʻē aʻe, hoʻoweliweli pinepine i ka ulu ʻana o nā lauoho ma luna o nā wāwae, keʻokeʻo i ka ʻili, ka helehelena o nā ulia trophic ulia lōʻihi, kahi loli i loko o ke ʻano a me nā kala o nā kui.
ʻO kekahi hōʻeha liʻiliʻi i ka ʻili e alakaʻi i nā ulia trophic, kahi e hiki mai ana ma hope i ke gangrene. Hoʻopilikia nui kēia no nā maʻi maʻi, a no laila uaʻike ikaika ʻia lākou e mālama i ko lākou mau wāwae, e kāʻei i nā kāmaʻa kāʻili ʻole ʻole, mai ʻoki i ko lākou mau wāwae a mālama pono iā lākou.
Hōʻalo paha nā pulsation o nā ʻāpana o ke kaʻa o ka hopena o nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
He aha nā hoʻonāukiuki o ka atherosclerosis?
ʻO Atherosclerosis kahi ala i ka hoʻomohala ʻana e alakaʻi ai i ka hiʻohiʻona o kahi nui o nā pane.
Hiki ke holomua ka atherosclerosis i ka holomua.
Hōʻike maoli ʻia kēia waiwai o nā pathology inā ʻaʻole kūpono ʻole i ka mālama ʻana i kuhikuhi ʻia e ke kauka a i ʻole ma ka hapanui.
ʻO nā hoʻopiʻi koʻikoʻi loa o ka atherosclerosis:
- aneurysm;
- myocardial infarction;
- he poho;
- puʻuwai paʻakikī.
ʻO Aneurysm kahi ʻokiʻoki o ka paia vascular a me kāna peʻa me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka "sac" ʻano pono. ʻO ka pinepine, kūkulu ʻia kahi aneurysm ma ke kahua o ka hoʻohemo ʻana o kahi kolamu poloka ma muli o kona ikaika ikaika o ka pā moku. ʻO ka pinepine, kūkulu ʻia kahi aneurysm aortic. Ma muli o kēia hopena, hoʻopiʻi nā mea maʻi i ka ʻehaʻeha umauma, ma ka pō a i ke kakahiaka paha.
Hoʻonui ka ʻeha i ka wā e hāpai ai i nā lima, no ka laʻana, me ka hakakā. Me ka piʻi nui o ka nui o ka aneurysm, hiki iā ia ke kau i ke kaomi ma nā wahi kokoke. E hui pū pū me kēia me ke ʻano o ka hoarseness (ma muli o ke kaomi ma ka laryngeal nerve), pōkole o ka hanu (ma muli o ke koi ʻana o ka bronchi), ka maʻi, ka ʻeha, ka ʻōpū ma ka puʻuwai (cardialgia), hōʻeha a me ka nalowale ʻana o ka ʻike. Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia ka ʻeha ma ka cervical spine a i ka ʻāina scapular.
Hoʻonui nui ka wānana i mua o ka aneurysm, no ka mea hiki ke hoʻomaka i ka stratify a wāwahi paha. ʻO ka stratification kahi mea i koi ʻia no ka hoka, no ka mea, e lohi iki i nā kiko o ke aneurysm e haehae i nā membrane a pau o ke au, a hiki i ka waho. Palapala koke ʻia ka ʻili Aortic i ka make. ʻO nā mea maʻi me ka aneurysm e pale i kekahi hoʻoikaika kino a me ke kaumaha kaumaha, no ka mea, hiki i kēia mau āpana ke alakaʻi i ka manawa koke.
Haki puʻuwai - hiki ke waiho ʻia ventricular a me ka ventricular kūpono. Hōʻike ka hema hema ma ka stagnation o ke koko i ka lime pulmonary. Ma muli o kēia, ulu nui ka edema pulmonary a me ka pōkole o ka hanu.
Lawe nā poʻe maʻi i kahi noho noho paʻa (orthopnea), kahi e maʻalahi ai ka hanu iā lākou. Me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka puʻuwai, e loaʻa ana kahi nui o ke kahe koko.
Aia ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ate a me ka milo, ke kahe ʻana o nā ʻalopō o ka pā o ka ʻōpū o ke ana, ka ʻū o ke kuʻekuʻe haʻahaʻa, ka huehue ʻana o nā veins o ka ʻāʻī, tachycardia (pulima wikiwiki), pōkole o ka hanu a me ka ʻōpala.
E kōkua ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka manawa pono e pale i nā hōʻeha.
ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka puʻuwai naʻau a me nā hahau
Hiki i nā infarction myocardial i ka maʻi diabetes ke hoʻomohala ma muli o ka atherosclerosis coronary.
Me ka ʻike koʻikoʻi o ka lumen o ka lāʻau coronary (hoʻokahi a ʻoi aʻe paha), ua hoʻōki ka nui o ka oxygen-Enriched e kahe ana i ka myocardium, a me ka māhele e pili ana i ka puʻuwai puʻuwai e hōʻeha i ka necrosis. Hoʻokumu i ka nui o ka puʻuwai puʻuwai, hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona i nā ʻano like ʻokoʻa.
Hoʻopiʻi ka poʻe maʻi i ka hōʻeha ʻana o ka umauma, ʻike koʻikoʻi nui, a hiki i ka nalo. Hiki i ka ʻeha ke hōʻeha (hāʻawi) i ka lima hema, hope, ʻōpū o luna, hiki pū me ka paʻa loa o ka hanu. Pono hoʻolako ʻia ka mea maʻi me ka mālama olakino kūpono i ka hiki, no ka mea, hiki i ka make ke hiki koke mai.
ʻO kahi moc, kahi nekrosis o kahi hapa o ka lolo i ulu me ka cerebral atherosclerosis.
Nui nā koho no ka ʻeha, akā mau ka maʻi kelepona i ka hapanui. Ke piʻi nui nei ka paona i kahi piʻi.
Pono e hoʻomaka koke ka mālama ʻana i ka lāʻau ʻino, no ka mea, hiki i ka lesion ke hoʻopilikia i nā kikowaena koʻikoʻi i loko o ka lolo (ka hanu a me ka vasomotor), hiki i ka mea maʻi ke noho mau i ka maʻi a hāʻule paha i loko o kahi coma. Hoʻohana hou ʻia ka hana naʻauao me ka lawa pono o ka manawa kūpono.
ʻO ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana o ka atherosclerosis i wehewehe ʻia i loko o ke wikiō ma kēia ʻatikala.
