ʻO ka heluʻana o ka cholesterol he nui nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi - HDL, LDL a me triglycerides. ʻO kahi hoʻololi i kēia mau māhele a me ka pae kiʻekiʻe o ka kolamu e hōʻike i ka holo ʻana o nā maʻi cardiovascular, ʻo ia hoʻi atherosclerosis, maʻi pūpū pēpē o nā maʻi, nā maʻi hui, ka maʻi maʻi āpau, etc.
He mea pono ke hoʻomaopopo i ka cholesterol kahi o ka mea ulu manuola e kū nei ma nā membrane o ka mea aneane o nā mea ola a pau ma ka Honua, me ka hoʻohui i nā prokaryotes, nā puʻu a me nā mea kanu.
Ma kahi o 80% o ka cholesterol (kolamu) e hua ʻia e ke kino, ʻo ia ka pūpū, nā ate, nā kelepa o nā genitalal a me nā kelepaʻi adrenal. ʻO ke koena 20% e hele mai me ka waho me ka meaʻai. No laila, ma muli o kahi kīkeke hōʻino ʻole, hiki i nā pae kolepa ke loli nui.
Pehea e helu ai i ka cholesterol a pale i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā hōʻeha koʻikoʻi, heluhelu ma.
ʻO ka waiwai o ke kolamu no ke kino
Hoʻi hou i 1769, ke kanaka ʻepekema ʻo P. ua loaʻa ʻo de la Salle kahi pūpū lau o nā waihoʻoluʻu keʻokeʻo, like like me kona waiwai i nā momona. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole maopopo iā ia no ke ʻano o ka cholesterol.
ʻO ka 1789 wale nō, mahalo i ka hana a A. Fourcroix, ua hiki ke loaʻa i ka waiwai ma loko o kona ʻano akukā, a ua hāʻawi ka meaʻepekema ʻo M. Chevrel i kēia inoa inoa "kolamu".
ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ke kolesterol ma ka wai. Akā hana maikaʻi ka ʻili i loko o ka molala a mea momona paha.
Aia kekahi ʻano nui o nā mea kūlohelohe:
- ʻO ka lipoproteins High Density High (HDL), a i ʻole ka "cholesterol" maikaʻi. Ka kuleana lākou no ka halihali i nā lipids i nā ʻōpū, ka ʻāʻī o ka naʻau, nā kīʻaha koko, nā ʻili o ka puʻuwai a me ka lolo, kahi e kū hou ai ke ʻano o ka bile. Ma hope o kēlā, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka koloka "maikaʻi" a hoʻopau ʻia i ke kino.
- ʻO ka lipoproteins haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (LDL), a i ole ka "kolu" kino. Kūpono ka halihali i nā lipids mai ka lepe i nā ʻōkuhi āpau o ke kino. Me ka nui o nā lipids, ua hōʻiliʻili lākou i nā paia o loko o nā ona, e loaʻa ana i ka hana o nā plika atherosclerotic.
- ʻO Triglycerides, a i ʻole nā lipids kūmole. ʻO kēia nā kumuwaiwai o nā momona momona a me nā glycerol e hui pū me ka kolamu e hana i nā momona koko. ʻO Triglycerides kahi kumu pilikino no ke kino.
ʻO ka kolamu he pūhui koʻikoʻi no ke kino o ke kanaka.
Me kāna waihona maʻamau, hāʻawi ʻia nā hana penei:
- ʻO ka hana o ka pahuhopu kūloko o ke kikowaena. ʻO Cholesterol kekahi ʻāpana o nā wahī o nā nerve, e pale aku nei iā lākou mai ka pōʻino. Hoʻonui hou ka waiwai i ka hana pono i nā neʻe o ka nerve.
- ʻO ka hoʻopauʻana i nā mea hoʻopau a me nā hopena antioxidant. Mālama ʻo HDL i nā ʻōnaehana koko ʻokoʻa (nā ʻāpana koko ʻulaʻula) mai nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole o nā meaʻokoʻa o nā toxins. ʻO kā lākou hana antioxidant e hoʻonui i ka pale ʻana.
- ʻO ka hana ʻana o nā huaora a me nā hormone. Mahalo i nā huaʻala HDL, nā momona momona a me ke kūpaʻa o ka momona me ka huaʻai sex. Hoʻopili ka kolesterol i ka hana o ka vitamin D a me K, testosterone, estrogen, cortisol a me aldosterone.
- Hoʻoponopono i nā cell cell. "Kāleka" maikaʻi ka kolesterol e hoʻopuka ana i nā pūhui ikaika biologically a puni o ka membrane cell.
Eia kekahi, e lawe ʻia ana ka pale ʻana o ka neoplasms malignant. I mua o nā kani benign, ke pale aku ka HDL i ko lākou malignancy.
Hoʻoholo mua i ka cholesterol
Ua hōʻike ʻia ka ʻike lipid (hōʻike no ka cholesterol) i nā pathologies cardiovascular, kiʻekiʻe ke koko kiʻekiʻe, nā maʻi kanalua, maʻi ʻokiʻoki a me nā renal function, a me ka nānā ʻana no ka nānā ʻana. No kēlā hoʻokolokolo, pono ia e hoʻomākaukau pololei.
9-12 mau hola ma mua o ka hoʻāʻo, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻai a inu i kekahi mea (ke kamaʻilio nei mākou no ke kofe, kaʻaila, ka ʻona a me nā mea inu ʻē aʻe). I loko o kēia manawa, hiki wale nō ke inu i ka wai. I ka hihia o nā lāʻau lapaʻau, pono e kūkākūkā kēia pilikia me ke kauka, no ka mea e hiki ke pili i nā hopena o ke aʻo.
Kauhi ʻia ʻia e lawe ʻoe i kāu hōʻike kolesterol me kāu kauka ʻohana. Ua ʻike ka poʻe loea i ka mōʻaukala ʻohana, ke koko, nā pilina e pili ana i nā ʻano o ke kino. Me kahi hopena kūpono, hiki iā ia ke kūkulu i kahi hoʻoponopono hoʻoponopono ola maikaʻi.
Hoʻolilo ʻia ʻo Cholesterol ma nā hōʻailona e like me HDL, LDL a me nā triglycerides. No kēia, lawe ʻia ke koko capillary ma kahi ʻōpū ʻole. Hōʻike ʻia ka helu o ka kolamu ma ke koko, ma muli o ke ʻano o ka mea maʻi ma ka papa.
Kakauolelo | Ka ikaika o ka polololo, mmol / l | HDL, mmol / l | LDL, mmol / l |
Wahine wahine | 3,61-5,25 | 0,91-1,91 | 3-4 |
Kāne kāne | 3,61-5,25 | 0,71-1,71 | 2,24-4,81 |
ʻOiai ka ʻike kiʻekiʻe o ka kolamu nui ʻaʻole i hōʻike pinepine ʻia i nā ala āpau. Aia paha ma muli o ka kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻi HDL. He mea kupaianaha hoʻi i loko o kekahi mau wahine i hiki ke hoʻonui i ka pae o HDL ma muli o ka hōʻike i ka estrogen.
Hoʻomāliʻikaʻi ka māhele o ke kolamu ma ka like ʻana: ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka cholesterol ma o HDL. No ka hoʻohālikelike, ʻo ka huina o nā kolamu kolamu he 10 mmol / L a ʻo ka pae HDL ka 2 mmol / L, a laila, ʻo ka pae kolikoli he 5: 1.
He aha ka hana kuapo mai ke ʻano?
Inā hōʻike ka hopena no ka helu ʻana i ka cholesterol i nā waiwai nui a ʻoi aku paha ma waena o ka 3.61-5.25 mmol / L, hiki i kēia ke kuhikuhi i ka hiki ʻana o nā maʻi maʻi.
Inā haʻahaʻa loa ka nui o ka heluna kolesterol ma mua o ka maʻamau, hiki i ka mea maʻi ke hōʻeha i ka maʻi maʻi aʻalolo; maʻi kino maʻi; pilikia kino; nā maʻi āpau o nā ʻōpū.
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia inā pololi kekahi kanaka a i ʻole ia i ka papaʻaina e loaʻa ai ka nui o ka nui o ka nui o nā polyunsaturated amino acid, e hina pinepine kāna kolamu ma lalo o ka maʻamau. Hiki ke hana ʻia ma o ka lawe ʻana i kekahi mau lāʻau e hoʻopau i ka kolamu.
Ke hōʻike nei i ke ʻano maʻamau i ke ʻano o nā maʻi a i ʻole nā ʻano.
- atherosclerosis;
- hepatic hana;
- pilikia ʻole;
- non-insulin dependant diabetes;
- diabetes haki ʻole;
- nā mea maʻi o ka pancreas a prostate paha;
- maʻi maʻi coronary;
- mai ka waiʻona make;
- wā hāpai;
- hoʻomohala ʻana i ka gout;
- ʻai maikaʻi ʻole.
ʻO ka hopena maʻamau e pili ana i nā maʻi metabolism lipid, ke kahe nei o ka hōʻemi o ka HDL a me ka hoʻonui ʻana o LDL, ʻo ia ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka atherosclerosis.
ʻO ka atherosclerosis kahi ala no ke kahakaha ʻana o nā lāʻau me nā polaki kolesterol e nānā ʻia e ka hapalua. ʻO kēia kaʻina hana i ka wā e hoʻopili ana i kahi paʻa o ka lumen o nā moku a me kahi hoʻohaʻahaʻa i kā lākou elasticity.
ʻO ka hopena eʻoi aʻe ana o ka hoʻomanawanui ʻana o ka maʻi e hōʻino i ka aorta a me nā moku cerebral. Loaʻa ka hopena i ka thrombosis, hoʻopiʻi ka naʻau, ke hōʻeha a me ka maʻi ʻeha coronary.
He mea pono ia e hoʻomaopopo ai i ka derivatives o kolesterol - oxysterols - e waiho weliweli nui i ke olakino o ke kanaka.
Loaʻa lākou i nā nui o nā hua momona momona, nā hua yolks, nā momona momona a me nā iʻa.
Kāohi i ka lipid metabolism
ʻO nā mea pilikia i ka metabolism i hoʻopilikia ʻia a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka atherosclerosis e pili ana i ka genetics, pathologies kronis, ka nui o ke kaumaha, ke ʻano hana ʻole, ka hana maikaʻi ʻole, a me nā meaʻai kūlike ʻole.
I mea e pale ai i ka hoʻokūkū o lipid metabolism, pono e hahai i nā kānāwai kumu o ka pale ʻana:
- e hoʻomau i ka meaʻai helu 5;
- hoʻohui i ke kino kino me ka hoʻomaha maikaʻi;
- ina he mau pauna hou, e hoʻoponopono i ke paona;
- hele aku i ka ulaula a me ka inu ʻawaʻawa;
- ʻaʻole i hoʻopōhumu ʻia i ka manaʻo kaumaha.
ʻO ka ʻai olakino e komo pū ai i nā meaʻai e like me ka iʻa a me ka iʻa, ka palaoa palaoa a pau, ka aila ʻona, nā hua ʻala, nā mea kanu a me nā mea kanu.
I mea e noho kū ai ka kiʻekiʻe o ka kolamu, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻawaʻa holoholona, margarine, hoʻōmi ʻia, ʻona hua manu, a me nā huahana momona.
Pono hoʻi e hōʻemi i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ke kaʻa a me ke kofe. ʻOiai ka hapanui o kēia mau inu ʻaʻole i pili i ka metabolid lipid, pili maikaʻi lākou i ka elasticity o nā arteries. Ma kēia e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā mea ulu kolamu a me nā pāla.
ʻOiai inā hikiʻole ke hana i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa kino, pono ʻoe e hele i loko o ka wai i loko o kēlā me kēia lā no ka liʻiliʻi he 40 mau minuke. No laila, hiki ke pale aku i nā hopena o kahi kuhi hewa i ka lipid metabolism.
E haʻi nā poʻe loea i ka kolamu ma ke wikiō i kēia ʻatikala.