He aha ia o ka cholesterol a pehea e like ai i ka ʻokoʻa i ka cholesterol?

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He waiwai kupaianaha ko ke kino o ke kanaka - ka hiki ke mālama kūʻokoʻa i ka homeostasis. Mahalo i kekahi o nā hana biochemical kikoʻī, he nui nā kaʻina metabolic i hoʻokau ʻia e hōʻoia ai i nā hana koʻikoʻi o ke kino. No ka hana maʻamau o nā hoʻonaninani, pono nā ʻano wai momona loa, me ka ʻole o ka hopena i hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia.

ʻO Cholesterol (mai ka English English cholesterol) kahi hana pilikino i ʻāpana o nā hapa nui. Ma kona kumu, e pili ana ka cholesterol i nā palaka a me nā lipids.

ʻO ka io o nā ʻiʻo ka nui o nā lipids - ʻo nā ʻili o nā lolo he ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hapalua i hoʻokumu ʻia ai nā lipids. Eia kekahi, ma o nā loli mua o ke ola me ke komo ʻana o ka cholesterol, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia kekahi mau huaʻina o ka nui o ka nui o nā homogen, ʻoiaʻiʻo nō, nā lāʻau aona o nā kelepaʻi adrenal. Wahi a nā loiloi, ua lohe ka hapanui o nā kānaka e pili ana i ka cholesterol a noʻonoʻo iā ia he mea maikaʻi loa ia.

Nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o Cholesterol a me Cholesterol

Manaʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea maʻi he aha ka cholesterol a me ka ʻike hou ʻia o ka cholesterol, he aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o lākou. I nā pilikino kino, ua like ke ʻano o ka waihona me ke aniani i loko o kahi wai wai. ʻO Cholesterol a me ka mea maʻamau i ʻike ʻia ʻo ia kekahi hapa like ʻole o ka nui o ke kō. Ma ka ʻano kemika, komo ka cholesterol i ka alcohol. ʻAʻole pono nui ka waiwai, ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki i ke kino ke hoʻokaʻalili iā ia iho.

Ma muli o kona mau hiʻohiʻona kūikawā, hiki i kahi mea ke hoʻololi i kona kūlana kino a me ka crystallize. ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike, nā pōhaku kolamu ka mea e ʻike i nā etiology o cholelithiasis. Akā ma muli o nā haʻahaʻa kolamu kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ia mau pōhaku i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa a he mahele i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻole ʻana.

ʻOi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi pākēpē o endogenous cholesterol i synthesized i kēlā me kēia lā. Hoʻokahi hapalua hapalua o ka waiwai i hoʻohuihui ʻia i nā ʻāpana o ke ake. ʻOiai ke āpau, hiki i kēlā me kēia ke anana ke kaha i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kahi mea ponoʻī ma kāna iho.

Mai waho o waho, ʻaʻole pono nā koleka e hoʻonui i ka 0.5 kaʻai i kēlā me kēia lā. Me nā hoʻololi o ka kaulike o ka cholesterol, e pili ana nā maʻi haʻi lipid, ka mea e alakaʻi ai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā nui mau puʻuwai pilikia.

ʻO ka maʻi maʻamau e ulu me nā hōʻino ʻana o ka ratio lipid ʻo ka atherosclerosis.

ʻO ke hana o ka cholesterol i ke kino

ʻOiai ʻo ka kolamu a, ʻike mua ʻia i nā kānaka a pau, he like ko ka cholesterol hoʻokahi me ka ʻākena like ʻole, he like like ka hana o kekahi a me kēlā.

Hiki i kēia mea hoʻohuli me ke koko i ke koko, a i loko nō hoʻi o ke kūlana intracellular.

Hoʻohana nui kēia māhele i kahi nui o nā kaʻina biochemical i loko o ke kino.

Hoʻokomo ka Lipid i ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā mea penei:

  1. Hōʻea nā steroid hāmeʻa;
  2. cholecalciferol;
  3. nā huahelu gonad;
  4. Nā hormones o ka adrenal cortex.

ʻO ia kahi mahele o nā membranes a pau. Eia kekahi, hana ka pono o nā kanalela electrolyte ma muli o ka cholesterol. Me ka hemahema o ka kolamu, ka pilikia o ke kaʻina o ka hoʻokele o nā pūlea. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā kōpili Bile e hana i ka pila i loko o ke akea ma ke kumu o ka kolamu. Pēlā, ke kaona o ka liona i ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka cholesterol mai ke kino e hana ai. Me ke kōkua o nā hua bile, ua ʻeli ʻia nā mea ʻai o ka meaʻai.

ʻO kēia mau hiʻohiʻona ka mea ʻona e hōʻike ana i ka cholesterol:

  • ʻO ka hydrropobicity, a i ʻole insolubility i ka wai.
  • I kāna ʻano maʻemaʻe, he wahi liʻiliʻi wale nō o ka cholesterol "floats".
  • Hoʻohui ʻia nā lipids ma ke kino me nā protein.

Pono ke ʻano o nā protein hou i ka lawe ʻana i nā molekō a kolamu ma ke kino. E hui pū me ka kolamu, kūkulu ʻia nā moleki hou - lipoproteins.

Aia kekahi mau papa o ka lipoproteins:

  1. nā lipoproteins density kiʻekiʻe a kiʻekiʻe loa i loaʻa nā waiwai hydrophilic, no laila, hoʻomāliʻi i ka plasma;
  2. hiki iā lākou ke lawe aku i nā lipids no ka hoʻohana hou ʻana i ka ʻū a me nā ʻili;
  3. ʻO ka lipoproteins ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka haʻahaʻa loa, ʻo ia ka "transport" o ka kolamu, no ka mea ua komo ke kumu i loko o nā sela o ke kino.

Hoʻomaopopo i ke kolamu a pehea ia a pehea e hana ai, pono ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo i nā ʻōnaehana nui o kāna lawe. Ma muli o ka hydrophobicity, ʻaʻole i ka lulu kēia mau lipoproteins a lohi i ka hoʻonohonoho i nā plakika. I ka hihia i hoʻonui ʻia aʻe ka piʻi ʻana o ka lipoproteins atherogenic, nui ka loaʻa ʻana o ka pilikia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka atherosclerosis.

ʻAʻole i hoʻohana ʻia nā palapu ma ka ate i ka atherogenicity kiʻekiʻe a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā kahua o ka hopena o ka endothelial.

ʻO ke kaulike lipoprotein koko

Wahi a nā noiʻi, ua hōʻoia ʻia ʻo ke koikoi kiʻekiʻe o ka lipoproteins kiʻekiʻe a kiʻekiʻe loa, a ʻo ka haʻahaʻa o ka ulu ʻana o ka atherosclerosis.

I mea e hoʻoholo ai a mālama i ka kaulike o ka cholesterol koko, pono ʻoe, ʻo ka mea mua loa, e makaʻala loa i kou olakino.

Ke hōʻike nei ke kauka lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau i ka hōʻemi ʻana he ʻumi mau makahiki i ka hoʻoluʻu ʻana mai nā maʻi cardiac catastrophes.

Ke kāohi nei i ka kaulike o lipids a me kahi kūlana laulā o ka metabolism momona, pono:

  • E nānā i ka uluʻana o ka kolamu koko nui, i ka manawa e hoʻonui ai i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka cholesterol "hewa", i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kekahi mau mea therapeutic.
  • E kiai pinepine i ka pale kaulike ma ke koko o nā hapa like ʻole o nā lipoproteins.
  • E hōʻoia i ʻaʻole nui ka LDL cholesterol i nā palena maʻamau.

Ke lawe ʻia nei nā ʻano haʻawina e like me ka mea hoʻopiʻi maʻamau a i ʻole he loina maʻamau. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi maʻi no ka hoʻokolokolo biochemical. I ka lā hāʻawi o ke koko, pono ʻoe e hele ma loko o kahi ʻōpū ʻole, a i ʻelua mau lā hōʻole i nā mea momona. ʻO kēia ma muli o ka hiki hoʻopunipuni o ka ʻikepili helu ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka chylomicrons.

Ke hilinaʻi nui nei nā kumu maʻamau o nā lipid kūloko i ka kūlana maʻamau o ke olakino o ka olakino, ka makahiki a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ke kanaka. Hoʻohui, hāʻawi nā mea hana i nā ʻokoʻa like o ke ʻano.

Nā hōʻailona maʻamau:

  1. Kuhi nā kolala o ka nui o ka kolala ma ka maʻi pākeke makua ma waena o 3.9 a 5.1 mmol / L. ʻO ka hoʻonuiʻana o ka kolamu o ka ʻoi aku o ka 6 a me ka hapalua ke kumu o ke kue ʻana o ka hōʻemi o ka kolamu ma ke koko a hoʻonui i ka nui o ka hōʻeha o ka atherosclerotic vascular. Ma luna o 6.5, akā ma mua o 7.8 pili i nā loli hoʻololi i ka metabolism momona. Inā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka helu i ka paepae o 7,8, a laila e hōʻike ana i kahi kuhi o ka lipid metabolism a makemake i ka mālama koke.
  2. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī o kahi kāne like me ka hōʻike o ka MPC o ke kolamu koko no nā wahine iʻoi aku ma mua o nā kāne.
  3. Inā hōʻike ka mea maʻi i nā mea koʻikoʻi lipid, ua hoʻouna ʻia ʻo ia no nā haʻawina hou.

No laila, ʻo ka māhele o LDL i HDL e pono ai i loko o 1 a 3.

He aha ka mea me ka piʻi nui o ka cholesterol?

Inā hoʻonui ka cholesterol, kūpono, a laila hoʻololi ka nohona olakino ka laina mua o ka maʻi.

Pono kēia i ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana o ka nohona a me ka wehe ʻana o nā mea hoʻonāukiuki o ka hopena.

E kūpono i ka pili i nā alapiʻikepili ola e hiki mai ana:

  • ka hōʻole hou ʻana i ka hana ʻino, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka ulaula, no ka mea, ua kōkua ka uahi i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kahe o ke koko, i loko me ka nui o ka hopena o ka thrombosis;
  • ka hana kino pilikino i hiki iā ʻoe ke lilo i ka kaumaha, a e kōkua pū i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kolamu;
  • hoʻokuʻu;
  • hoʻololi i kahi meaʻai kūpono;
  • ka hoʻomalu o ka creatinine a me nā pae koko koko.

I ka hihia a hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o ka kolamu, hoʻomaka ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi mea atherosclerotic.

ʻAʻole i kiʻekiʻe mau i ka pae o ka cholesterol free he kumu ʻole i ke kūkulu ʻana i ka atherosclerosis.

ʻO ka pilina nui nui i loko o ka maʻi ka maʻi votone endothelial, mai kahi mea kūikawā e hiki ke huki i nā molekoleka a komo i loko o ke kahe wai. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ke kolamu kiʻekiʻe he mea predisposing.

ʻO nā kumu maʻamau maʻamau no ka hoʻolālā ʻana i ka atherosclerosis e komo pū:

  1. Laula.
  2. ʻO ka momona a me ke kaumaha.
  3. He maʻi haole.
  4. ʻO kekahi ʻano maʻi o ka maʻi maʻi.
  5. ʻO ka hui pūʻana o nā kumu.
  6. Predisposition genetic.
  7. Paul
  8. Nā hiʻohiʻona makahiki.

ʻO kahi hoʻopiʻi kino weliweli o ka atherosclerosis ka lohi i ka hoʻololiʻana a me ka ulceration o ka pākala. Hoʻomaka nā platelets e noho i ka pā e pili ana a me nā pepa thrombus nui.

I kēlā me kēia manawa, hiki ke piʻi koko koko a alakaʻi i nā hoʻopiʻi koʻikoʻi, e like me ke kaʻi ʻana a me ka puʻuwai puʻuwai.

Ka hopena o ka hypercholesterolemia a me ka atherosclerosis

ʻO ka mālama i kēia maʻi ʻaʻole hana maʻalahi. ʻO ka hakakā me ka atherosclerosis pono e paʻakikī a kūleʻa.

No ka hoʻolālā ʻana, hoʻohana ʻia nā hana o ka mālama conservative, ka hana lapaʻau a me nā hana o ka physiotherapeutic. E noʻonoʻo e kuhikuhi i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e loaʻa ai ka waika alpha lipoic.

ʻAʻoleʻike ka mea o ke kolamu ma ka nui o ka momona i ka meaʻai, akā, ma ko lākou ʻano maoli, akā hiki ke ʻokoʻa.

ʻO nā momona momona e hele mai i kēia mau meaʻai mai loko mai o ka ʻai:

  • avocado
  • nā ʻalemona;
  • kāhea;
  • walnut;
  • nā aila ʻaila;
  • hua sesame.

Hoʻopili ia, no ka pale ʻana i nā pathology o nā momona momona, hoʻopau pono nā meaʻai i nā momona polyunsaturated. ʻAʻole lākou e hoʻonui wale i ke pae o ka lipher atherogen i ke koko, akā ua hāʻawi pū i ka "hoʻomaʻemaʻe" i nā moku mai nā luʻu atherosclerotic. ʻO nā kiko momona koʻikoʻi polyunsaturated ʻo nā omega-3 a me nā Omega-6 mau waikawa. Loaʻa ka hapa nui o nā Omega i nā momona momona o nā iʻa kai. He mea nui ia e kāpae i nā momona saturated a trans fats mai ka meaʻai. Ma muli o kā lākou papa hana loea, mea hope loa no ke kino.

Pono ka papa ʻai i ka ʻai moa, ka pipi momona haʻahaʻa, nā lau, nā hua, ka lua a me nā hua moa, ka moa puʻuwai haʻahaʻa.

Hoʻomau ʻia ka mālama ʻia o ka hypercholesterolemia e like me nā kumumanaʻo o ka anti antiogenogenic therapy. ʻO ka mea kaulana loa he mau lāʻau statin. Akā ua hoʻohiki lākou i nā hopena ʻaoʻao a me nā contraindications.

Inā ke ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona mua o ka atherosclerosis, pono koke koke ka mālama ʻana. Ma muli o kēia huki, ʻo ia ka maʻi me ke kumu mua o nā maʻi ākea vascular.

Me ka hoʻokumu o ka pākahi a me ka nele o ka moku, ulu ka ischemia kiko. ʻO ka pinepine o nā manawa, e kau ʻia nā moku o nā ʻoi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e ke kaʻina atherosclerotic. I kēia hihia, ulu ʻia ka endarteritis.

No nā mea maʻi me nā leʻaleʻa o nā moku o nā wāwae, ʻo ke ʻano o ka claudication intermittent, ʻeha a me ka hōʻeha i loko o nā umauma he ʻano.

Me ka atherosclerosis waena, pili ke aorta. ʻO kēia palapala ka mea maikaʻi loa weliweli, ʻo ka mea pinepine e alakaʻi i nā pilikia cardiovascular koʻikoʻi.

He aha ka cholesterol a me ka cholesterol i wehewehe ʻia i ke wikiō ma kēia ʻatikala.

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