ʻO ka lactose, a ʻo ka waiū waiū, ʻo ia kekahi o nā disaccharides koʻikoʻi, me ka hiki ʻole o ke kino kanaka ke hana.
ʻO ka hopena o kēia kinona ma ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka wai a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka digestive e wehewehe i nā pono āpau. Akā i kekahi manawa i ka disaccharide ka hopena maikaʻi loa i ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka intolerance lactose.
He aha nā pōmaikaʻi a me nā pōʻino o kahi mea?
ʻO ka ʻike maʻamau e pili ana i ka Lactose
Aia nā ʻano like ʻole i loko o ke kūlohelohe, ma waena o lākou he mau monosaccharides (hoʻokahi: e.g. fructose), oligosaccharides (he nui) a me nā polysaccharides (nui). Ma ka hopena, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā kālele oligosaccharide e like me di- (2), tri- (3) a me tetrasaccharides (4).
ʻO ka Lactose kahi disaccharide, kahi mea i kapa kaulana ʻia he waiū waiu. Eia kāna hua ʻōlima penei: C12H22O11. ʻO ke koena o ka galactose a me nā moleki mole.
Aia nā loea radical i lactose i ka meaʻepekema ʻo F. Bartoletti, nona ka 1619 i ʻike i kahi mea hou. Ua ʻike ʻia ka waiwai me ke kō i nā makahiki 1780 e mahalo ai i ka hana a ke kanaka ʻepekema ʻo K.V. Scheel.
Pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ma kahi o 6% o lactose aia i ka waiū bipi a me 8% i ka waiū kanaka. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka Disaccharide ma ke ʻano he hua huahana ma ka hana o ke kāhi. Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, hōʻike ʻia ʻo ia e kahi pūpū e like me ka lactose monohydrate. ʻO kahi keʻokeʻo a keʻokeʻo ia, he ʻono a ʻono ʻole. He liʻuliʻu nui ʻia i ka wai a ʻaʻole i hoʻopili pū me ke kō. I ka wā e hoʻomoʻa ai, nalowale ka disaccharide i kahi mololula wai, no laila e huli ia i ka lactose anhydrous.
Kekahi manawa i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka, ua hoʻokaʻawale ke kō i ka waiū i ʻelua mau ʻōpū ma lalo o ke ʻano o ka hoʻouluulu - glucose a me ka galactose. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, komo kēia mau mea i ke kahe.
Loaʻa kekahi mau pākuhi i ka nāwaliwali ma muli o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana o ka waiū maikaʻi ma muli o ka nele a ʻole ka nele o ka lactase, kahi enzim kūikawā e wāwahi ana i ka lactose. Eia kekahi, i nā keiki loaʻa ʻole kēia hanana. ʻO ke wehewehe ʻana o kēia ʻano ua kau ʻia ma ka wā kahiko.
Ua ʻike ʻia ua mālama wale ʻia nā holoholona ma nā 8,000 mau makahiki i hala. A hiki i kēlā manawa, ʻo nā pēpē wale nō ka hānai i ka waiū umauma. I kēia manawa, hoʻopuka ke kino i ka nui kūpono o ka lactase. Ua lilo a ʻelemakule ua lilo, emi iki kona kino i ka lactose. Akā 8,000 mau makahiki i hala, ua loli ke kūlana - hoʻomaka ka ʻōpio i ka waiū, no laila pono ke hana hou ke kino i mea e hana hou ai i ka lactase.
ʻO nā pono o ka waiū waiu no ke kino
He kiʻekiʻe ke kaona o ke koko waiū.
ʻO kāna hana e hoʻokomo i ka hana mau o ka waika ma ka waha waha a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kō ʻana o nā waihona o ka hui B, C a me ka calcium. Hoʻokahi i loko o nā ʻāpana, hoʻonui ʻia ka lactose ka nui o ka lactobacilli a me bifidobacteria.
ʻO ka Milk kahi huahana maikaʻi loa no nā mea a pau e pono ai i loko o ka papa ʻaina o kēlā me kēia kanaka. ʻO Lactose, ʻo ia kahi ʻāpana, e hana i nā hana koʻikoʻi no ke kino kanaka:
- ʻO ke kumu. Hoʻokahi i loko o ke kino, ka metalikized a hoʻokuʻu i ka ikaika. Me ka nui o ka lactose, ʻaʻole hoʻopau nā hale mālama protein, akā hōʻuluʻulu ʻia. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻohana mau pinepine ʻana o ka mau kaola mea e pale mau ai ka mālama ʻia o nā protein e hōʻiliʻili ai i ka ʻoihana.
- ʻO ka loaʻa kālā. Inā nui ke ʻano o ka kaloli o kēlā me kēia lā i ka nui o nā kalori e puhi ʻia, a laila waiho ʻia ka lactose e like me ka momona. Pono e lawe ʻia kēia waiwai no ka poʻe e makemake ana e hoʻomaikaʻi, a me ka poʻe e makemake e pohō i ka paona.
- Hoʻopau i ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana. I ka wā o ka lactose aia i loko o ka digestive tract, wawahi loa ia i monosaccharides. ʻAʻole hana ke kino i ka lactase lawa, ʻike ke kanaka i ka ʻeha i ka wā e ʻai ana i ka waiū.
ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia i ka momona o ka waiu waiu. Hoʻohana ʻia ka mea i nā ʻano āpau. ʻO ka pinepine, hoʻohana ka lactose i nā ʻoihana hana i lalo.
- ka ʻai ʻai ʻana;
- hoʻokemu kūloko;
- ka hana ʻana o kahi pānaehana microbiological no nā pūpū a me nā pōpilikia;
Hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia e like me ka mea i hoʻololi ʻia no ka waiū kanaka i ka hana o nā pēpē pēpē.
Ka maʻi lactose: hōʻailona a me nā kumu
Ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka lactose e hoʻomaopopo i ke ʻano o ka hiki ʻole o ke kino ke wāwahi i kēia mau mea. Hōʻike ʻia ka Dysbacteriosis e nā hōʻailona maikaʻi loa: flatulence, pain abdominal, bouts of nausea and diarrhea.
Ke hōʻoia nei ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka hoʻomehana lactose, e haʻalele ʻia nā huahana dairy. Eia naʻe, hōʻole piha i ka pilikia hou e like me ka nele o ka vitamin D a me ka potassium. No ka mea pono e hoʻopau ʻia ka lactose me nā mea hoʻohui meaʻai like ʻole.
Hiki i nā hemahema o Lactose no nā kumu ʻelua he nui, e like me nā mea genetic a me nā maʻi ʻeha (Crohn's disease).
Hoʻohālikelike ma waena o ka intolerance a me ka nele lactose. Ma ka lua o ka hihia, hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻole nā kānaka i ka pilikia me ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana, pono paha e hopohopo hou i ka ʻuʻane ʻole i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū.
ʻO ke kumu maʻamau no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka lōkole intacterau ʻo ka ulu ʻana o kahi kanaka. I ka lōʻihi o ka manawa, ua emi ka pono o kona kino no ka disaccharide, no laila e hoʻomaka ana ʻo ia e hana i ka enzyme kūikawā.
Pono nā ʻōiwi like ʻole i ka lactose ʻokoʻa. No laila, ʻo ka hōʻailona kiʻekiʻe loa o ka hakakāʻana i ka waiwai e nānā ʻia ma nā ʻāina o Asia. ʻO 10% wale nō o ka heluna kanaka e hoʻopau i ka waiū, ʻo ke koena 90% ʻaʻole hiki ke komo i ka lactose.
E pili ana i ka lehulehu o ʻEulopa, ua ʻike pono ʻia ke kūlana. ʻO ka 5% wale nō o ka pākeke ka paʻakikī i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā disaccharide.
No laila, lilo ka poʻe i ka pōʻino a pōmaikaʻi mai ka lactose, no ka mea, ke hilinaʻi wale ʻia nei a i ʻole ke ʻano o kēia mea e ke kino a i ʻole.
Inā ʻaʻole, pono ia e hoʻololi i ka waiū me nā mea hoʻohui meaʻai e loaʻa ai ka nui o ka waiū waiū e pono ai.
Diagnosis o ka hoʻomaloka a me ka mālama ʻana
Inā loaʻa ka maʻi dyspeptic i ke kanaka ma hope o ka inu waiū a i ʻole ka mea e hua ʻia ai, pono e nānā ʻia inā he lactose intolerance.
No kēia hopena, ke hoʻokō ʻia nei kekahi mau hana hoʻokolohua.
ʻOiola liʻiliʻi biopsy ʻōpū. ʻO ia ka ala noiʻi pololei loa. ʻO kona hiʻona i kona lawe ʻana i kahi hoʻohālike o ka moka o ka pāina liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka maʻamau, loaʻa lākou i kahi enzyme kūikawā - lactase. Me ka hoʻemi ʻana o ka hana enina, hana ʻia kahi maʻi kūpono. Hana ʻia kahi biopsy ma lalo o ka hana anesthesia aoao, no laila ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano ma ke wā kamaliʻi.
ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana ka hydrogen. ʻO ke aʻo maʻamau maʻamau i nā keiki. ʻO ka mea mua, hāʻawi ka mea maʻi i ka lactose, a laila hoʻomaha ʻo ia i ka lewa ma kahi kelepona kūikawā e hoʻoholo ai i ka neʻe ʻana o ka hydrogen.
ʻO ke hoʻohana o ka lactose pololei. ʻAʻole hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia kēia ʻano hana. I ke kakahiaka ma luna o kahi ʻōpū piha, lawe ka mea maʻi i kahi ʻano koko. Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻopau ia i ka lactose a hāʻawi kālā i ke koko i nā manawa he nui i loko o 60 mau minuke. Wahi a nā hopena i loaʻa, kūkulu ʻia kahi lactose a me ka glucose. Inā he haʻahaʻa ka pale o ka lactose ma mua o ka curve glucose, a laila hiki iā mākou ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka intolerance lactose.
ʻO ka helu ʻana i nā loina. ʻO ka mea maʻamau ka mea maʻamau, akā ma ka manawa like ʻaʻole kūpono ke ʻano diagnostic ma waena o nā keiki ʻōpio. Ua manaʻoʻiʻo ia ka pono o ka pae o ka hōʻemi i ka maluhia ma ka feces e pili pono i kēia mau kuhikuhi: 1% (a hiki i ka 1 mahina), 0.8% (1-2 mau mahina), 0.6% (2-4 mau mahina), 0.45% (4-6 mahina) a me 0.25% (ʻoi aku ma mua o 6 mau mahina). Inā hoʻokomo ka lactose intolerance e ka pancreatitis, e kū ana ka steatorrhea.
Coprogram. Ke kōkua nei kēia haʻawina ʻike i ke ʻano o ka hana o ka pēpē a me ka pae o nā momona momona. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka intolerance me ka nui o ka waikawa me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ke koena o ka acid-base mai 5.5 a i 4.0.
Ke hōʻoia nei i ka hoʻomohala ʻana, pono ka mea maʻi e haʻalele i nā huahana dairy mai ka papa. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka mālama ʻana me ka intolerance lactose e lawe i nā papa inoa aʻe:
- Gastal;
- Imodium;
- Loperamide;
- Motilium;
- Dufalac;
- Tserukal.
Loaʻa i kēia mau kālā āpau i kahi enzyme kūikawā, lactase. Hiki ke loli nui ke kumukūʻai o kēia mau lāʻau. Hōʻike ʻia ka wehewehe kikoʻī i ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka mea hoʻokomo.
No nā pēpē, hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Lactazabebi i ka hoʻokuʻuʻana. Hoʻohālikelike ka hopena o ka lāʻau i ka insulin i ka maʻi diabetes a i ʻole Mezim i nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi pancreatitis maʻi. Hōʻike nā loiloi o ka hapanui o ka makuahine i ka maikaʻi a me ka palekana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
Hāʻawi ʻia ka ʻike ma lactose i ke wikiō ma kēia ʻatikala.
