ʻOiai he mau ʻokoʻa kēia mau kino o ka ʻina lau, he pilina pili ma waena o lākou. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, nā kaʻina patological i loko o kekahi o nā kino i ke kaola o nā maʻi i ka lua. No kekahi laʻana, alakaʻi pinepine ʻia ka maʻi gallstone i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka pancreatitis - ka mumū o ka aila pancreatic.
I kēia mea, pono kahi e ʻike ai i ka wahi o ka gallbladder a me ka pancreas, aia pehea lākou e kamaʻilio ai a pehea nā ʻano kūpuna.
Kahi a me ka hana o ka humuhumu
Loaʻa ka papahele i ka ʻāpana o ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻāpana lōʻihi a ke aho. Ua like ia me ke ʻano o ka lei a kerala paha. Hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka nui o ke kiko i kahi hua moa liʻiliʻi. ʻIke ʻia me kahi pou oval.
Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke ʻano kikoʻī o ke kiko i ka ʻōpū (hoʻonui i ka māhele), ke kino (ʻāpana waena) a me ka ʻāʻī (ʻāpana ʻoka) o ka humuhumu. Aia pū kekahi ma nā maʻi hepatic a me cystic, kahi i hoʻohui ʻia i loko o kahi bile dile maʻamau 6-8 cm ka lōʻihi o ka ʻāʻī he 3,5 cm i loko o ka pahu cystic.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka hua wili ma nā ʻāpana ʻāpana i nā ʻāpana. Hoʻokaʻawale ka ʻāpana i ka ʻōpala. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo uliuli nui. Hoʻomaʻa ka wai i ka wai ma ke kino, ke piʻi pinepine nei ke kukuna o ka bile i nā manawa he nui. ʻO ka bilirubin, kolamu, nā pigile bile a me nā mana.
I ka lā 1, ma kahi o 1,500 ml o ka bile e hua ʻia i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka. ʻO kāna hana nui he komo i ke kaʻina hana ʻana: ʻo ka bile kahi i hoʻowalewale i ka ʻano o nā ʻano o enzim, i ka lipase kūikawā. Eia kekahi, hana ka bile i nā hana i loko o ke kino:
- wāwahi i nā ʻili i nā puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi e hoʻonui ai i ke kikowaena o nā loina me nā enzymes;
- hoonui i ka ʻōpū o ka wahī, hoʻopio ʻana i ka vitamina K a me nā momona;
- Loaʻa ia i kahi hopena bactericidal a pale i nā kaʻina pohō.
Ke komo ka ʻai i ka ʻōpū a me ka duodenum, hoʻomaka ka ʻōpū i ka mea hou aku i ka momona.
ʻO ka papa hana o ke aniani ka hana o kahi waihona waiwai hou o ka bile. ʻAʻole hiki iā ia ke paʻa i ka nui o ka wai - wale wale no 60 ml. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka bile e komo i kēia ʻenehana ua lilo i mea koʻikoʻi. Ma mua o kēia ʻōlohelohe he 10 mau manawa o ka neʻe o ka bile i hana ʻia e ka ate wale.
No laila, ʻo ka lawelawe o ka gallbladder, i hoʻohui pū ʻia i loko o nā ʻāpana, hana i ka 1/3 o ka nui o kēlā me kēia lā o ka hua bile.
Kahi a me nā hana o ka pancreas
ʻO ka pancreas kahi hui kūpaʻa e hana i nā hana endocrine a me nā exocrine.
Aia ia ma ka peritoneum ma hope o ka ʻōpū i loko o ka wahi epigastric kokoke i ka spleen. Hoʻokomo kona ʻaoʻao hema i ka hypochondrium hema. Hoʻokaʻawale ka ʻona gland i ka ʻōpū a me ka pancreas. ʻO ka mea posterior pili i nā veins a aorta.
ʻO ka pancreas kekahi mau māhele - ke poʻo, ke kino a me ka huelo. ʻO ka māhele exocrine o ke kolo ke kumu nā excretory e wehe i loko o ka lumen o ka duodenum. ʻO kēia ka mea i loaʻa i ka wai pancreatic, pono no ke kaʻina hana ʻana, loaʻa. Aia ka ʻāpana endocrine i nā mokupuni pancreatic, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo nā mokupuni ʻo Langerhans, kahi nui i loaʻa i loko o ka huelo o ka pancreas.
Hana ka pancreas i nā hana koʻikoʻi he nui, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i loko o waho (endocrine) a me loko (exocrine).
Intra kahi huna hana - kaohi o ke kō a me ka metabolism. Ma kahi kokoke 3 miliona mau mokuahi o Langerhans e noho ana ma kēia kanana. ʻO lākou he mau ʻano ʻehā o ka nui o ke kō i mālama ai i ka kaohi ʻana o ka glucose i ke kahe koko. ʻO kēlā me kēia ʻano ka kuleana no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o kekahi hāmeʻa kūikawā:
- Hoʻopili ka huina Alpha i ka glucagon, e hoʻonui ai i ka ʻike o ke kō.
- Hoʻokomo nā huelo Beta i nā insulin, e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka glucose.
- Hoʻopuka nā cell Delta i kahi somatostatin, nāna e hoʻoponopono i ka hana o nā pūpū o alpha a me nā beta.
- Hoʻopuka nā sela PP i ka pancreatic polypeptide (PPP), ka mea e kāpae nei i ka mea huna o ka huelo a hoʻoulu i ka mea huna o ka wai momona.
ʻO ka hana exocrine ka hana kaʻi ʻana. ʻO ka pancreas kahi kumu o nā enzyme kūikawā e kōkua ai i ka wāwahi i ka pale (pinepine ke kīpī), nā protein a me nā lipids (nāʻai).
Hana ke kino i nā enzyme i kahi ʻano hana ʻole i kapa ʻia nā proenzymes, a i ʻole nā proenzymes. Ke komo lākou i ka duodenum 12, komo ka enteropeptidase iā lākou, e hana ana i ka amylase (no ka haʻalulu ʻana o nā kalepona), ʻo protease (no nā protein) a me lipase (no nā momona).
ʻO kēia mau enema a pau he ʻāpana o ka pancreatic wai, nā mea i komo i ka lawe ʻana o ka meaʻai.
ʻO ka maʻi Gallbladder
ʻO nā maʻi maʻamau i loaʻa i nā maʻi o ka gallbladder ka maʻi gallstone, cholecystitis, a me nā polyps a me ka organ dyskinesia.
I loko o ka maʻi gallstone, nā pōhaku (nā pōhaku) i hana i nā kumulāʻau a me ka gallbladder ponoʻī. I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ma kahi o 10% o ka nui o nā ʻāina ʻoihana e ʻeha nei i kēia maʻi.
| ʻO nā kumu maʻi | ʻO ka ʻōpio, ʻoi aku ka wahine (ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine), ka momona, stenosis hepatic he static and cysts, ate cirrhosis, hepatitis, parapapillary diverticulum o ka duodenum, hemolytic anemia, hōʻino o ka ʻai protein. |
| Nā Hoʻomaka | ʻO ka maʻi ka asymptomatic no ka lōʻihi (5-10 mau makahiki). ʻO nā hōʻailona nui he jaundice, colic biliary, ʻeha o ke ʻano ʻokiʻoki, kūʻē kaina. |
| Hoʻomaʻamaʻa | Diet No. 5, ka lithotripsy nalu haʻalulu, cholecystectomy (lawe kino), lawe i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka hua bile. |
ʻO ka cholecystitis ka hopena pinepine ka hopena o ka maʻi gallstone, kahi e hoʻopili ai ka microflora pathological a hanahewa ka kaila o ka bile. A ke hopena, loaʻa mai ka huhū o ka gallbladder.
Hiki i ka maʻi ke hana ma kekahi ʻano a me nā hanaʻeha. Ua hōʻikehele ʻia ka cholecystitis acute i kekahi mau ʻano:
- catarrhal (e hana ana i ke kaumaha koʻikoʻi ma ka epigastrium a me ka hypochondrium);
- ka phlegm (ʻike ʻia nā ʻeha e like me ka loli o ke kūlana, hanu a me ka ʻū ʻana, ua ʻike ʻia kahi kanaka mai ka tachycardia a me ka pāʻaiʻu febrile);
- gangrenous (kahi emi nui o ka pale aku, ke kiʻi ʻoi aku ma kahi o nā mea lapaʻau).
| ʻO ke kumu | ʻO ke ʻano o nā pōhaku e hoʻokau i ka pane o ka bile a me ka hiʻohiʻona o nā pōʻino kino. |
| Nā Hoʻomaka | ʻO ka cholecystitis huakui: ʻo nā ʻeha ʻoi e hāʻawi i ka hypochondrium, epigastrium, hoʻohaʻahaʻa hoʻi hope, ʻāʻī poʻohiwi, ʻūhā poʻohiwi ʻāʻī a me ka ʻāʻī, nā hōʻeha o ka nausea a wīwī, hyperthermia, tachycardia, bloating, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka peritoneum i ka wā palpation he ʻano paʻakikī. ʻO ka cholecystitis kūpaʻa: nausea, hōʻeha pale i ka hypochondrium kūpono, colic hepatic, ka paʻakikī o ke kaumaha ma ke kakahiaka a me ka pō, jaundice. |
| Hoʻomaʻamaʻa | Loaʻa nā antibiotics, nā meaʻai kūikawā, antispasmodics, ke kani duodenal, cholecystectomy. |
He mea ia e hoʻomaopopo ai ma ka 99% o nā hihia, e hoʻopau ana i ka gallbladder pilikia. ʻAʻole nui ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia i ka hana ʻana a me ka hana nui a ke kanaka ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa.
Ke ʻano o ka pancreas
ʻO nā maʻi maʻi pancreatic maʻamau ʻo ka pancreatitis a me ka diabetes mellitus, pseudocysts, neoplasms malignant a me nā cystic fibrosis i ʻike pinepine ʻia.
ʻO ka pancreatitis kahi paʻakikī o nā sindrom e hele ai ka maʻi o ka pancreas.
ʻO kēia ma muli o ka hoʻopiliʻana o nā huina i ka kelepona iho. I ka hopena, ʻaʻole lākou i pau i ka duodenum a hoʻomaka i ka hoʻokaʻa ʻana i ka kelandia pono. Nui kekahi ʻano o ka pancreatitis:
- purulent (paleka i phlegmous, ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka macro- a me nā microabscesses);
- biliary (ka ʻaole o ka pancreas me ka hōʻeha ʻana i ka ate a me ke akea gastrointestinal);
- hemorrhagic (luku ʻana i ka parenchyma a me ke ʻano vascular);
- ka waiʻona maʻi (e hana me ka wī a paʻa ʻole kahi inu wai).
| ʻO ke kumu | ʻO ka hilinaʻi lā ma ka lōʻihi, ka ulaula, ka inu pinepine ʻana, ka hōʻino ʻana i ka ʻai o ka protein, ka maʻi gallstone, ka lawe ʻana i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau, biliary duct dyskinesia, cholecystitis, perforated duodenal ulcer, hepatitis B and C, invmin helminthic, cytomegalovirus. |
| Nā Hoʻomaka | ʻO ka pancreatitis hoihoi: ke kaumaha o ka epigastric nui (pinepine ka hoʻopuni), ka luaʻi, nāwaliwali, hyperthermia, ka ʻāʻī o ka ʻili, ka lemulewa, ka constipation a i ʻole ʻōpala (lūlū a me nā ʻōhua meaʻai hoʻonaninani e nānā ʻia i ka ʻōpala). ʻO ka maʻi pancreatitis ka maʻi: nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo nāwaliwali, nāwaliwali mau, nā dizz, a me ke kala. |
| Hoʻomaʻamaʻa | ʻO nā hui a Enzymatic, enterosorbents, probiotics, antispasmodics, painkillers a me nā antidiarrheals, nā kāpili huaora-mineral. Me ka hōʻike o ka pancreatitis maʻa no 2 mau lā, kuhikuhi ke kapu therapeutic, a laila - ʻai kīnā 5. |
ʻO ka maʻi diabetes mellitus kahi maʻi i hoʻomaopopo ʻia e ka maʻi maʻi o ka makahiki 21. Hoʻohālikelike ia e ka ʻāpana (type II) a i ʻole hoʻopau (type II) i oki i ka hana o ka insulin. I ka hopena, he piʻi no ka glucose o ke koko.
| ʻO nā kumu maʻi | ʻO ka predisposition genetic, ka momona nui, ka wahine maʻamau, ka maʻi o ka pancreatic, nā maʻi viral. |
| Nā Hoʻomaka | ʻO Polyuria, ka makewai mau loa, ka ʻūhū a me ka nāwaliwali o nā mea i hoʻopunipuni, hoʻohemo i ke kōpū ʻike, nāwaliwali, ka huhū, ka dizziness, ke poʻo, ka maʻi kau o ka maʻi a me ka pilikia me ka maʻi āpau. |
| Hoʻomaʻamaʻa | Pāʻai Insulin, nā lāʻau lapaʻau hypoglycemic, haʻuki. |
ʻO ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi o ka papa holo
Nui ka nui o nā hopena e pili ana i ka hana o ka puʻuwai a me ka pancreas.
No ka mea pili i ka hana o ke ʻōpū a me ka pancreas, pili pono ʻoe e ʻike pehea e pale ai i kēia mau kino mai nā hopena o nā kūmole maikaʻi ʻole.
ʻO nā kumu āpau o nā haunaele i ka hana o kēia mau ʻāpana he ʻano ʻē, a no ko lākou kāpae ʻana kekahi e pono e pili i kekahi o nā kānāwai a me nā ʻōlelo.
E pili ana i nā hana ʻokiʻoki i kēia mau ʻōlelo manaʻo kaulana:
- ʻO ka hoʻomaha i kaʻai o nā momona, ka paʻakai, kaʻaila, ʻili ʻia a me nā meaʻai i loaʻa i ka paʻakai. ʻAi ʻia ka kuke ʻia, kālua ʻia, ʻai ʻia paha.
- ʻO ka mālama kino o ke kino a me ke ʻano hana. Pono kēlā me kēia kanaka e hele a ma kahi o 30-40 mau minuke i kēlā me kēia lā. I ka manawa like, hana nā hana a me ka hoʻomaha.
- Hōʻalo ʻia i nā haʻalulu ikaika. E like me kāu e ʻike ai, ʻo ka hopohopo he harbinger o nā maʻi kanaka, i ka nui o ke kūhai ʻana.
- E hoʻomākaukau e hele i kekahi mau manawa noiʻi diagnostik e kōkua i ka manawa pono e ʻike i nā loli pathological i loko o ka pancreas a i ʻole ʻomi papa.
ʻO ka mea nui loa ka meaʻai meaʻai. ʻO ke kumu ke lawe ʻia i ka papa helu 5 e like me Pevzner.
No ka paleʻana i ka hoʻomohala hou ʻana o ka pancreatitis a i ʻole cholecystitis, pono ia e hoʻopuka i nā huahana ngawari i loko o ka papaʻai. I kēia hihia, lawe maikaʻi ʻia nā lauala i loko o ka ʻano palaoa ai ʻole mauʻu lau.
Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea ʻai i nā manawa 5-6, a liʻiliʻi nā ʻāpana. Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai o ke ʻano wela, ʻaʻole wela a ʻāʻī paha. Ma kaʻai o ka meaʻai 5 me ka pancreatitis, hiki iā ʻoe ke komo i loko o nā huahana:
- nā ʻano haʻahaʻa momona o nā iʻa a me ka iʻa;
- skim waiū a me kona kumua;
- hua maloʻo, huaʻaila, hua ʻōpala a me ka maiʻa;
- nā kīʻaha ʻehā a me nā palaoa iʻa;
- kekahi pila aila ʻaila;
- oʻa, kamato, kukama, beets;
- berena o nehinei, Maria kuki;
- kaʻaila ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ka ʻāpana rosehip, kissel, uzvar.
Pono e hōʻike ʻia ua loaʻa nā maʻi o ka pēpē o ka gastrointestinal hou i ke ala hou ʻole ma muli o ke ʻano hana kino, hana kino a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kaumaha nui ma ka lehulehu.
Pono ka lapaʻau pancreatic a me ka gall bladder e pono ai me ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka ʻoihana. ʻAʻole hiki i nā kānaka lapaʻau ke ho'ōla i ka maʻi.
Ua kūkākūkā ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona anatomical o ka ate, gall bladder a me pancreas i ke wikiō ma kēia ʻatikala.
