Ka ʻokoʻa ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe

ʻO ka maʻi Diell mellitus kekahi o nā maʻi maʻi maʻamau ma Rusia. I kēia lā i noho ai ʻo ia ma ke kolu o ka make ma ka helu ma waena o ka lehulehu, ʻo ka lua wale nō i nā maʻi cardiovascular a me ka maʻi maʻi.

ʻO ka pilikia nui o ka maʻi hānai no ka maʻi hiki i kēia mau mea makua a me nā mākua, a ʻo nā keiki ʻōpio loa. I kēia hihia, ʻo ka loiloi o ka manawa maʻi ʻo ia ka kūlana koʻikoʻi no ka mālama maikaʻi ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi.

He nui nā maʻi diagnostic i kēia mau lā no ka maʻi maʻi maʻi. ʻO ka mea nui o ka hana ʻana i ka maʻi kūpono no ka mea maʻi ka maʻi maʻi, kahi e kōkua ai i ka ʻike ʻana i ke ʻano o ke ʻano maʻi maʻi a hoʻomohala i ka metode ʻano kūpono.

ʻO nā ʻano o ka maʻi maʻi

ʻO nā ʻano maʻi āpau āpau o ka mellitus nā hōʻailona like ʻole, ʻo ia hoʻi: kahi kiʻekiʻe o ke kō o ke koko, make nui loa, ka uū nui a me ka nāwaliwali. Akā me kēia, ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa ka manaʻo ma waena o lākou, ʻaʻole hiki ke pale ʻia i ka maʻi maʻi a me ka mālama ʻana ma hope o kēia maʻi.

ʻO nā mea nui e like me ka helu o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka maʻi, ka paʻakikī o kāna papa a me ka hopena o nā hoʻopiʻi e hilinaʻi ʻia ana i ke ʻano o ka maʻi maʻi. Eia kekahi, ma ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ke ʻano o ka maʻi maʻi hiki ke ʻike i ke kumu ʻoiaʻiʻo e ulu ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi ke koho ʻana i nā ala e ʻoi aku ka hopena o ka pili ʻana me ia.

I kēia lā ma ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻelima ʻano nui o ka maʻi maʻi. ʻO nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o kēia maʻi ke ʻano liʻiliʻi a hoʻomohala i ka ʻano o nā hoʻopiʻi o nā maʻi ʻē aʻe, e like me ka pancreatitis, i nā hōʻeha a i ʻole nā ​​hōʻeha o ka pancreas, nā maʻi viral, congenital genetic syndromes a ʻoi aku.

ʻO nā ʻano maʻi maʻi:

• ʻAno maʻi type 1
• ʻAno maʻi type 2
• ʻO ka maʻi mellitus maʻi gestational;
• Hoʻolā;
• Diipio maʻi maʻi insipidus.

I ka manawa pinepine, ua hōʻike ʻia ka maʻi maʻi i ka maʻi type 2. Helu ia ma kahi o 90% o nā maʻi a pau o ka maʻi me kēia maʻi. ʻO ka lua o ka papa mua o ka maʻi maʻamau. Kuhi ia ma kahi kokoke o 9% o nā maʻi. ʻO ke koena o ka maʻi diabetes maʻi ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 1.5% o nā maʻi.

ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ʻana o nā maʻi maʻi o ka maʻi maʻi e kōkua pono i ke koho ʻana i ke ʻano o ka maʻi i maʻi ai ka mea maʻi.

He mea koʻikoʻi nō ia a hiki i kēia ʻano diagnostic ke hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻano maʻi maʻamau ʻelua ʻelua, ʻo ia ka mea he kiʻi like like lākou, akā like i kēlā me nā ala like ʻole.

ʻAno maʻi type 1

Hōʻike ʻia ka maʻi diabetes type 1 e ka mahele ʻāpana a i ʻole pau ʻana o ka hana ʻana o kona pono ponoʻī, insulin. ʻO ka manawa pinepine ka ulu ʻana o kēia maʻi ma muli o ka hōʻino hewa ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana pale, ma muli o ke ʻano o nā antibodies e kū i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka e hōʻeha i nā puʻupuʻu o kā lākou iho pancreas.

I ka hopena, aia ka luku piha ʻana i nā mea huna huna huna i ka insulin, e hōʻea ana i ka nui o ke kō o ke koko.ʻO ka maʻi diabetes mellitus ka maʻi maʻamau e hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine ʻia nā kamaliʻi mai nā makahiki 7 a 14 paha. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka pilikia o nā keikikāne i kēia maʻi ma mua o nā kaikamahine.

Hōʻike ka maʻi diabetes type 1 i nā kānaka he 30 a ʻoi wale nō mau makahiki i nā hihia kūikawā. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻoi ka hopena o ke kūkulu ʻana i kēia ʻano maʻi o ka maʻi maʻi ma hope o 25 mau makahiki.

ʻO nā hōʻailona ʻokoʻa ka hōʻike ʻokoʻa no ka maʻi mellitus type 1:

1. ʻO ke kōpaʻa koko kiʻekiʻe;
2. ʻO ka pae haʻahaʻa o C-peptide;
3. Hoʻololi ka liʻiliʻi o ka insulin;
4. ʻO ka heleʻana o nā antibodies i loko o ke kino.

ʻAno maʻi type 2

Kūkulu ʻia ka maʻi diabetes mellitus 2 ma muli o ke kū'ē o ka insulin, e hōʻike ana iā ia iho i ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā ʻāwili i loko o ka insulin. ʻO kekahi manawa pū kekahi ia me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻāpana i ka mea huna o kēia hormone i ke kino.

Ma ke ʻano 2 mellitus maʻi mika, he ʻae ʻole ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i nā mea laʻe kākana. No laila, i nā mea maʻi me ka lua o ka maʻi maʻi, ka nui o ka nui o ka acetone i loko o ke koko he nui ke loaʻa a heʻu iki iho ka hopena o ka ulu ʻana i ka ketosis a me ka ketoacidosis.

Ua maʻi pinepine ʻia ka maʻi diabetes 2 ma ka wahine ma mua o nā kāne. I ka manawa like, nā wahine ma luna o 45 he pūʻulu koʻikoʻi kūikawā. ʻO ke ʻano o nā maʻi maʻi o ka maʻi maʻamau ka mea maʻamau o nā poʻe a me nā pākeke.

Eia naʻe, aia i kēia manawa aia ka manaʻo e "rejuvenate" type 2 diabetes. I kēia mau lā, ke hoʻomau ʻia nei kēia maʻi i nā mea maʻi ma lalo o nā makahiki 30.

Hōʻike ʻia ka maʻi diabetes type 2 e ka ulu lōʻihi, hiki ke kokoke like me ka asymptomatic. No kēia kumu, ʻike pinepine ʻia kēia maʻi ma ka hope o ka manawa, i ka manawa hoʻomaka a ka mea maʻi e hōʻike i nā ʻano hoʻopiʻi like ʻole, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻemi ʻana o ka ʻike, ke ʻano o nā hōʻino o ka maʻi laʻaupō, hana like ʻole o ka puʻuwai, ka ʻōpū, a me nā mea nui aku.

ʻO nā hōʻailona ʻokoʻa o ka maʻi pākēnē 2:

• Hoʻonui nui ka glucose koko;
• Hoʻonui iki ʻia ka Glycated hemoglobin;
• C-peptide i hāpai ʻia a maʻamau paha;
• Ua hoʻokiʻekiʻe a Insulin a maʻamau paha;
• ʻO ka make ʻana o nā antibodies i cells-cell o ka pancreas.

Ma kahi kokoke i 90% o nā maʻi me ka diabetes type 2 he keu ka momona a koʻikoʻi paha.

I ka maʻamau pinepine, pili kēia maʻi i ka poʻe i makemake i ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai nā waihona momona i loko o ka ʻōpū.

Me ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi maʻi mellitus o ka maʻi mellitus, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ke ʻike ʻana i ka ʻano o nā maʻi ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka mea maʻamau ma waena o lākou ka maʻi gestational, steroid diabetes a me ka maʻi insipidus.

ʻO ka maʻi maʻi Steroid

Ka uluʻana o ka maʻi Steroid ma muli o ka hana lōʻihi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau hormonal glucocorticosteroids. ʻO kekahi kumu nui o kēia maʻi ʻo ka maʻi o ka maʻi Hisenko-Cush, ka hopena i nā nūpepa adrenal a hoʻonāukiuki i ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā hormones corticosteroid.

Hoʻokumu ka maʻi Steroid e like me ka maʻi mellitus type 1 ke ʻano. ʻO kēia ka mea me kēia maʻi ma ka iwi o ka mea maʻi, ʻo ka hana ʻana i ka insulin kahi hapa a hoʻopau paha a pono ke koi i nā inikua o kēlā me kēia lā.

ʻO ke kūlana kumu nui no ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi hika steroid ʻo ia ka hoʻopiha piha ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau. Hoʻomaʻa pinepine pinepine kēia i ka hoʻololi pono i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā pauku a me ka hōʻoluʻolu i nā hōʻailona āpau o ka maʻi maʻi.

Nā hōʻailona ʻokoʻa o ka maʻi maʻi ʻoi aku:

1. Hooholo i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi;
2. ʻO ka hoʻonui iki i nā hōʻailona.
3. ʻO ka hapa ʻole o nā pīkī wikiwiki i loko o ke kō koko.
4. Hoʻoulu ka hanana o ka hyperglycemia;
5. ʻO ka hopena o ka haʻahaʻa e hoʻopau ai i ka comg hypercly coma.

ʻO ka maʻi maʻi gestational

Hoʻokumu nā maʻi maʻi Gestational i nā wahine wale nō i ka wā hāpai. Hoʻomaka ka hōʻailona mua o kēia maʻi, me ke ʻano ture, hoʻomaka i nā mahina 6 mau māmala. Hoʻokipa pinepine ka maʻi maʻi maʻi gestational i nā wahine olakino maikaʻi loa, ma mua o ka wā hāpai, ʻaʻohe pilikia o ke koko koko kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO ke kumu o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kēia maʻi kahi maʻi nā mea huna e ka plasenta. Pono lākou no ka hoʻomohala maʻamau o ke keiki, akā i kekahi manawa ke poloka lākou i ka hana o ka insulin a hoʻopili ʻia me ke komo ʻole ʻana o ke kō. Ma muli o kēia hopena, lilo ka ʻāpana o loko o ka wahine i ka insulitive i ka insulin, e hoʻonāuki i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka kū i ka insulin.

Hoʻopau pau koke ke maʻi diabetes gestational ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, akā hoʻonui hoʻonui i ka hana o ka wahine e hoʻomohala ana i ka maʻi diabetes 2 mau. Inā mālama ʻia ka maʻi maʻi gestational ma kahi wahine i ka wā hānau mua, a laila me ka hopena o 30% e hoʻomohala ʻia ma ia mau mea aʻe. Hoʻopili pinepine kēia ʻano o ka maʻi maʻi i nā wahine i ka wā hapai - mai 30 mau makahiki a ʻoi aku.

Hoʻonui nui ʻia ka hopena o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi gestational inā ʻoi aku ka momona o ka makuahine hāpai, ʻoi aku hoʻi i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka momona o ka momona.

Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hiki ʻana mai o kēia maʻi e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka noho ʻana o ka maʻi ovary polycystic.

Diipio maʻi maʻi insipidus

Ka hoʻomohala ʻia nā maʻi maʻi maʻi insipidus ma muli o kahi nele o ka vasopressin hormone, e pale ai i ka mea nui o ka ʻaila mai ke kino. Ma muli o kēia, ʻike nā mea maʻi me kēia ʻano maʻi i ka nui urination a me ka makewai nui.

Hana ʻia ka hormone vasopressin e kekahi o nā papa nui o ke kino e ka hypothalamus. Mai laila, ua komo i loko o ka kelopona pituitary, a laila komo i ke kahe a me, me kona kahe ʻana, e komo i loko o nā keiki. Ma ka hana ʻana i ka ʻāpana, hoʻōla ka renal quasopressin i ka reabsorption o ka wai a me ka mālama ʻana i ka wai i ka umauma.

ʻOi mau ka maʻi ʻāpana o ka maʻi maʻi i loko o ka maʻi maʻamau - ʻelua a me ka uha (nephrogenic). Hoʻoulu ka maʻi diabetes ma muli o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka hua a benign a i ʻole ka hōʻino i ka hypothalamus, e alakaʻi ana i kahi hōʻemi o ka make o vasopressin.

I loko o ka maʻi indipidus maʻi maʻi, kūleʻa ka pae o vasopressin i loko o ke koko, akā naʻe ka nalowale o ka mākaʻi o kona ʻili. A me ka hopena, ʻaʻole hiki i nā huakaʻi o nā ʻāpana renal ke kau i ka wai, ke alakaʻi nei i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka maʻi paʻuhū o ka maʻi.

ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi a me ka papa maʻi diabetes insipidus:

E like me kāu e ʻike ai, like like nā ʻano maʻi like a me ke ʻano like ʻole ʻoi aku ka ʻike i ke kūʻokoʻa i kekahi ʻano o ka maʻi maʻi mai ka mea ʻē aʻe. He mea koʻikoʻi loa kēia no ka hoʻolālā ʻana i ka hoʻolālā kūpono a kūpono hoʻi i ka hakakā ʻana me ka maʻi. ʻO ke wikiō ma kēia ʻatikala e haʻi aku iā ʻoe e pili ana i ka maʻi o ka maʻi diabetes.