400 miliona nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi maʻi maʻi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka honua, e like me ka helu e like me ka ʻike ʻole ʻana i kēlā maʻi maʻi. No laila, he mea kaulana loa ka hōʻike koko no ka glucose i nā laboratories ma ke haukapila a me nā hale diagnostic.
ʻO nā pilikia ma ke ʻano o ke maʻi maʻi ʻo ia no ka manawa lōʻihi, hōʻike ia iā ia iho me ka hōʻino ʻole a hoʻohewa paha iā ia iho e like me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe. A me nā diagnostics laboratorium, inā he ʻano piha o nā hoʻokolohua e kuhikuhi ʻia, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike koke i ka maʻi diabetes.
Eia kekahi, ʻo nā hopena o ka maʻi mellitus o ka maʻi mellitus, nā hoʻopiʻi ma nā moku koko, nā pēpē, nā maka e hiki ke pani ʻia. ʻO ia ke kumu e hāpai ʻia ai e nānā i nā kiʻekiʻe o ka glucose koko ʻaʻole wale no nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi maʻi maʻi, akā no ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i nā mea hoʻoneʻe o ka pelekikena. Kēia maoli nō kēia no nā poʻe maʻi ma ka hopena o ka ulu ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes.
ʻO nā mea e hiki ke aʻo ʻia mai kahi hoʻāʻo glucose koko?
Ua kapa ʻia ke kōnohi koko i loko o ke koko, e kahe ana i nā kahe koko, ke komo ʻana i nā hāhā a me nā aela o ke kino. Hāʻawi ia i nā moku e nā ʻāpana (mai ka meaʻai) a me ka ate (a hoʻohuihui ʻia mai nā waʻa amino, glycerol a me lactate), a hiki ke loaʻa i ka neʻe ʻana o nā hale kūʻai glycogen i loko o nā ʻōpū a me ka puʻuwai.
ʻAʻole hiki i ke kino ke hana me ka hana ʻole o ka glucose, ʻoiai ua hoʻōla mai ka ikehu mai ia mea, me nā ʻōpū o ke koko, a hoʻolako ʻia ka mehameha i ka glucose. Kōkua ka Insulin e hoʻohena i ka glucose. ʻO kona kahe nui ka mea i ka wā e ʻai ai. Hoʻokomo kēia hormon i nā glucose i loko o nā cell no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hoʻonaninani a ATP a mālama ʻia ʻo ia i loko o ke ate me ka glycogen.
No laila, ʻo ka piʻi nui o ke kō (glucose) e hoʻi i kāna mau waiwai mua. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ka hana o ka pancreas, nā kelepa adrenal, ke keʻena hypothalamic-pituitary e kuhikuhi ana i ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka glycemia i loko o kahi ākea ākea. I nā kumumanaʻo 3.3 a 5.5 mmol / L, loaʻa ka glucose i nā cell, akā ʻaʻole excreted i loko o ka iomi.
Loaʻa kekahi mau ʻokoʻa mai nā hōʻailona maʻamau e ke kino. Hiki ke hoʻonui i ke kō koko i loko o nā kūlana pathological:
- Naʻi maʻi mellitus.
- Nā antiododies i ka insulin ma nā hopena autoimmune.
- ʻO nā maʻi o ka ʻōnaehana endocrine: nā kelepaʻi adrenal, nā mea ailima thyroid, nā mea hoʻoponopono a lākou - nā hypothalamus a me nā mea pituitary gland.
- ʻO ka pancreatitis, kahi tumor o nā pancreas.
- ʻO ka maʻi ʻeha a maʻi maʻi paha hoʻi.
Hiki i kahi hōʻike koko ke hōʻike i ka hopena ma luna o ke ʻano me ka manaʻo ikaika, ke kaumaha, hoʻoweliweli iki ʻana i ke kino, ka uahi ʻana, inu ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau hormonal, caffeine, estrogen a me ka diuretic, nā lāʻau antihypertensive.
Me ka nui o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o ka kō, nā puka wai nui, nā nui momona, nā wīwī ʻana o ka maikaʻi o ka lehulehu, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka urination. Hōʻea kahi ʻano kaumaha o ka hyperglycemia i kahi coma, e hoʻomaka ʻia e ka maʻi pākaʻi, luaʻi, ka ʻano o ka acetone i ka hau lewa.
ʻO ka hoʻonui pinepine ʻia o ka glucose i ke koko kahe e alakaʻi ai i ka hoʻemi ʻana i ke kahe o ke koko, pale pale ʻana, hoʻomohala ʻana i nā maʻi a me nā hōʻeha i nā kinipona nerve.
ʻAʻole i emi iki ka pōʻino no ka lolo a me ka hoʻouka ʻana o ka liʻiliʻi o ka glucose i ke koko. Hana kēia i ka wā i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ka nui o nā insulin (ʻoi aku i loko o nā ʻōpū), ʻeha a me nā maʻi o ke akea, hoʻemi i ka hana adrenal, hypothyroidism. ʻO ke kumu kumu maʻamau kahi nui o ka insulin i ka maʻi diabetes.
Hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona o ka hilo o ka kō i ke ʻano o ka palau ʻana, nāwaliwali, nā haʻalulu i loko o ke kino, nui ka huhū, a laila hiki mai kahi haunaele, a inā ʻaʻole i hāʻawi ʻia ke kōkua, hāʻule ka mea maʻi i kahi pōpō.
He aha nā hoʻokolohua e hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia no ka maʻi maʻi?
Me ke kōkua o nā diagnostics laboratorium, hiki ke hoʻonohonoho wale i ka maʻi mellitus ʻaʻole wale nō, akā e hoʻokaʻawale i nā maʻi endocrine ʻē aʻe, kahi i hoʻonui ai i ke kōpaʻa koko he hōʻailona maʻi lua, a me ka maʻi diabetes.
Hiki ke hoʻāʻo ʻia he koko koko ākea me ka ʻole e kipa aku i kahi kauka, ma ka makemake. Inā hoʻoholo ʻia kahi hōʻike koko no ke kō, ʻo kona ʻoka ʻana i nā pākeke e like me ke ʻano o ka papa i lawe ʻia e ke kauka nāna i haʻi. Mai ka loiloi ʻana i ka hopena, a hoʻohālikelike me ke kiʻi haukapila, ʻo ka mea loea wale nō ke hiki.
Me ka nānā loiloi maʻamau, ʻo ka nānāʻana i ka glycemia ma waena o ka mea i kauoha. E hoʻomau ʻia ka mālama pono ʻana i kāna ʻike no ka momona o ke kanaka a me ka hypertension. Hoʻokomo pū ka pūʻulu hanana i nā mea maʻi e hōʻike ʻia ana ka ʻohana pili o ke koko me ka hoʻonaninani a me ka ʻaila kino: he hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka hoʻoliʻi glucose.
Nā hōʻailona no ka hoʻoili ʻana:
- Hoʻonui mau ʻia ka nui a me ka makewai.
- Hoʻonui nāwaliwali.
- Kūʻai pinepine.
- ʻO kahi hoʻololi kūpono i ke kaupaona kino.
ʻO kahi hōʻike hoʻoliʻi koko a ʻo ka mua ka mea maʻamau a kuhikuhi i nā ʻano maʻi. Hoʻopili ʻia ka nānā ʻana me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā kumu mai kahi vein a i ʻole ke hoʻohana ʻana i ke koko capillary mai ka manamana lima. Eia kekahi, nā hōʻailona maʻamau o ke kō i loko o ke koko venous he 12% kiʻekiʻe, kahi e noʻonoʻo ʻia e nā kauka.
ʻO ka hoʻoholoʻana o ka kukū fructosamine. ʻO kēia kahi ʻōmole i pili i ka glucose. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka nānā ʻana e ʻike ai i ka maʻi diabetes a loiloi i ka hopena o ka mālama. Hiki i kēia ala ke nānā i nā hopena o ke lapaʻau ma hope o 2 mau pule. Hoʻohana ia ia no ke koko koko a me nā anemia hemolytic koʻikoʻi. ʻAʻole i hōʻike ʻia no ka nalowale protein me ka nephropathy.
ʻO ka nānāʻana i ke kūpaʻa o ka hemoglobin glycated i loko o ke koko. He hemoglobin i hui pū me ka glucose, e like me ka hapa pākēneka o nā hemoglobin āpau i ke koko. Pono e kāohi i ka uku o ka maʻi diabetes no ka mea e hōʻike ana i nā helu awelika o ke kō koko koko e pili ana i ka 90 mau lā ma mua o ke aʻo ʻana.
Hoʻomaopopo kēia hōʻailona i ka mea hilinaʻi, no ka mea ʻaʻole ia e hilinaʻi i ka mea ʻai, a me ke kaumaha a me ke kaumaha paha, ka manawa o ka lā.
Hōʻike ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka glucose i nānā ʻia i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka insulin e like me ke pane ʻana i ka hoʻokomo o ka glucose. ʻO ka mea mua, e hoʻoholo ka mea kōkua o ka mea noiʻi i ka wikiwiki o ka glycemia, a laila 1 a me 2 mau hola ma hope o ka lawe ʻana i ka glucose.
Hōʻike ʻia ka hōʻike hōʻike e hoʻohālikelike i ka maʻi maʻamau inā ua hōʻike mua kahi hoʻoliʻoli hoʻoliʻi wikiwiki. liuliu. ʻAʻole lawe ʻia ka loiloi me ka glycemia ma luna o 11.1, ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o ka hānau ʻana, ma ka hōʻā ʻana o ka naʻau.
Pehea e loiloi ai i nā hopena hōʻike.
Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia loiloi i kāna pono kūlike (normative) mau waiwai, nā neʻe mai lākou mai ka waiwai diagnostic. No ka loiloi pololei i ka hopena o ka noi ʻana, ma hope o ke kaʻina hana ʻana, pono ʻoe e hoʻohālikelike i ka hopena me nā hōʻailona o ka laboratorium kahi i hana ʻia ai.
No laila, ua kauoha ʻia e hoʻohana i hoʻokahi laboratorium a ʻike paha i ke ʻano noiʻi. Eia kekahi, no ka hilinaʻi o ka loiloi, pono ia e mālama pono i nā lula no kona hoʻokō ʻana: e kaawale aku i ka ʻehu o ka waiʻona, nā haʻawina a pau, koe wale nō ka glycated hemoglobin, e hana paʻa i kahi ʻōpū ʻole. ʻAʻohe mea maʻi aʻeha i ke ʻano.
Pono ka mea maʻi e hoʻomākaukau no ka hōʻike koko no ke kō a me ka cholesterol i kekahi mau lā ma mua o ka lawe ʻana. I ka lā e aʻo ai, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia nā mea maʻi e inu, inu i nā mea ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka wai inu, a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana. Inā lawe nā mea maʻi i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e mālama i ka maʻi maʻi a i ʻole nā mea e hoʻopili ai, a laila pono ʻo ia e hoʻonohonoho i kā lākou haʻalele i ke kauka.
Holo i ke kaila glucose i loko o mmol / l:
- I ka 3.3 - haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, hypoglycemia.
- 3 - 5.5 - ke ʻano.
- 6 - 6.1 - ke kūʻē kūleʻa glucose, aiʻole i ʻole ke kīpē prediabetes.
- 0 (mai kahi vein) a i 6.1 mai ka manamana lima - maʻi diabetes.
No ka loiloi i ka hopena o ka hoʻomehana diabetes mellitus, aia kekahi papa ʻē aʻe e hiki ai i kekahi ke lawe i nā kuhikuhi i lalo nei: glycemia a hiki i 6.0 mmol / l - type 2 diabetes mellitus he ala uku, a no ka maʻi laʻana i ka maʻi kiʻekiʻe 1 ka palena ma kahi o ka 10,0 mmol / l. Pono ka hoʻokō ʻana pono ʻana ma kahi ʻōpū ʻole.
Hiki ke deciphered ka ʻano o ka hoʻokaʻina ʻana o ka fructosamine e like me: ka pae kiʻekiʻe loa o ka fructosamine ʻo 320 μmol / l. I nā poʻe olakino, ʻoi aku ka hōʻailona o ka manawa ma mua o 286 μmol / L.
I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka maʻi mellitus maʻi, hiki i ka nui o nā waiwai i loko o nā waihona o 286-320 μmol / L; i ka hana decompensated, piʻi ka fructosamine i 370 μmol / L a kiʻekiʻe aʻe. I ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hōʻailona, e hōʻike paha i ka nele o ka hana hana, hypothyroidism.
ʻO kahi haʻahaʻa o kahi haʻahaʻa ka hōʻailona o ka nalowale i ka protein i ka urine, a me ke nephropathy diabetes. Hōʻike ka hopena hōʻike ʻole i kahi hōʻike me ka ascorbic acid.
ʻO ka koho ʻana o ka pae o ka hemoglobin a me ka glycated. Hōʻike ka hopena i kahi pakeneka e pili ana i ka nui o ka hemoglobin:
- Ināʻoi aʻe i 6.5 a i ʻole like me 6.5%, a laila he hōʻailona kēia i ka maʻi maʻi.
- Inā nō ia ma ka 6.0 i ka 6.5 pakeneka, a laila piʻi ka pilikia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes, hoʻonui ʻia ka prediabetes.
- Inā emi ma lalo o 6 pakeneka, a laila ʻo kēia ka glycated hemoglobin rate.
Noho ka overestimation hewa me ka splenectomy a i ʻole ka pale anemia anemia. ʻO kahi emi ʻana e hele mai me ka anemia hemolytic, ma hope o ke kahe koko nui a i ʻole ke kahe koko.
No ka loiloi ʻana i nā hopena o ka hoʻokolohua e kūleʻa i ka glucose, ua nānā ka glycemic index i 2 mau hola ma hope o ka lawe ʻana o ka mea maʻi i kahi hopena glucose. Manaʻo ʻia nā maʻi Diabetes inā e piʻi ke kō o ke koko ma luna o 11.1 mmol / L.
A he hōʻailona mai nā 7.8 a 11.1 mmol / L e pili ana i ka diabetes mellitus latent, kahi palena palena. Inā, ma hope o 2 mau hola, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka glycemia ma lalo o 7.8 mmol / l, a laila ʻaʻohe hewa i ka mea 'aʻaiʻole o ka paʻakai.
No nā wahine hāpai, ʻoi aku ka ʻokoʻa nā loiloi loiloi a me nā ʻenehana o ka hoʻokolokolo ukana. Hoʻokumu ke kau maʻi ma ke ana i ke kō koko wikiwiki (mau hōʻailona ma mmol / L) ma kahi ʻōpū ʻole mai 5.1 a 6.9, e hoʻonui ai i ka 10 ma hope o hoʻokahi hola a lele i ka mau hola 2 ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻana o ka glucose i ka pae mai 8.5 a 11 mmol / L.
No kahi hoʻokolohua piha, hoʻohālikelike i nā hana a me nā ate, kahi ʻōlelo lipid, kahi hōʻike no ka urine no ka glucose a me ka protein. No ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā ʻano o ka mellitus o ka maʻi mellitus, e ʻike ʻia ana ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka glucose me ka hoʻoholo like ʻana o ka C-peptide.
I ke wikiō ma kēia ʻatikala, hoʻomau ʻia ke kumuhana o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā hoʻāʻo koko no ka kō.
