Ma muli o ka maʻi diabetes mellitus e pili ana i ke kumu o kahi hana hewa i nā hana metabol, kahi o ka mea maʻi i loaʻa i ke koko koko nui. Aia he 2 mana aʻoaʻo o nā maʻi. I ka hihia mua, ʻaʻole hua mai ka pancreas i ka insulin, i ka lua - ua hua ʻia ka hormone, akā ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia e nā puna o ke kino.
ʻO ka mea kūʻokoʻa o ka maʻi diabetes ka mea e make ʻole ai ka poʻe mai ka maʻi mai iā ia iho, akā mai nā hōʻeha i kumu e pili ai i ka maʻi hyperglycemia. Hoʻohui ʻia ka hoʻolālā ʻana o nā hopena me ka kaʻina microangiopathic a me ka glycosation o nā protein kiko. Ma muli o kēia hewa ʻole, ʻaʻole e hoʻokō ka ʻōnaehana pale i nā hana palekana.
Ma ka maʻi maʻi, e pili pū ana nā loli i nā capillaries, nā ʻōpū koko hoʻonaninani, a me nā kaila metabolism. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa kēia i ke kino i nā maʻi. I kēia hihia, hiki ke loaʻa kekahi ʻona a me nā ʻōnaehana, me nā pūleo o ke ailua.
Pākuʻi ʻia ʻo ka maʻi maʻamau i ka wā e hele ai ke ʻōhumu. Hoʻomaʻama pinepine ʻia ka lawe ʻia ʻana o nā pathogen e nā puna wai i ka lewa.
Nā kumu kumu a me nā hopena paʻakikī
ʻO ka pinepine, ulu ka pneumonia i kahi kūʻai o ke anuanu a me ke kaohi. Akā aia kekahi kumu'ē aʻe o ka lolo i ka maʻi lolo:
- hyperglycemia ʻole;
- nāwaliwali nāwaliwali;
- microangiopathy pulmonary, kahi e loli ai ka loli o ka pathological i nā moku o ke kino hanu;
- nā maʻi āpau hoʻohui.
Ma muli o ke kō i hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia e hoʻomohala i kahi wahi maikaʻi i ke kino o ka mea maʻi no ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā maʻi, pono e ʻike i ka poʻe maʻi maʻi āpau e hiki ai i nā pathogens ke hoʻomakei i nā maʻi pulmonary.
ʻO ka mea kumu maʻamau maʻamau o ka pneumonia o nā nosocomial a me nā ʻano kaiāulu kaiaulu ʻo Staphylococcus aureus. A ʻo ka pīpīpū pale ma nā maʻi maʻi maʻi e hoʻāla wale ʻana e ka maʻi staphylococcal, akā pū kekahi hoʻi me ka pnemoniae Klebsiella.
ʻO ka pinepine me ka maʻi hyperglycemia, nā maʻi pīpī atypical i kumu o nā maʻi i hoʻomohala mua ʻia. Ma hope o ke komo ʻana i kahi maʻi maʻi.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka papa o ka lāʻau i ka maʻi maʻi me ka maʻi maʻi o ka maʻi maʻi hypotension a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kūlana noʻonoʻo, ʻoiai ʻo ka mea maʻi ma nā maʻi maʻamau ke ʻano like me nā hōʻailona o kahi maʻi ʻeha. Eia kekahi, i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi, ua hoʻomālamalama ʻia ke kiʻi o ka maʻi hau.
Eia kekahi, me kahi maʻi, e like me ka hyperglycemia i ka maʻi diabetes mellitus, pinepine ka nui o ka edema pulmonary e loaʻa pinepine. ʻO kēia ke kumu i lilo nui aʻe i ka capillaries, wehe ka hana o nā macrophages a me nā neutrophils, a nāwaliwali hoʻi ka ʻōnaehana.
He mea pono ia he maʻi paʻakikī ka pneumonia i kumu ʻia e nā fungi (Coccidioides, Cryptococcus), staphylococcus a me Klebsiella i ka poʻe me ka hana i nā mea hana hoʻonāukiuki i ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī ma mua o nā poʻe maʻi ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā pilikia metabolic. Hoʻonui nui ʻia ka ʻōpū o ka maʻi pākaukau.
ʻO nā kakō i nā metabola ka hopena maikaʻi loa i ka ʻōnaehana. A ʻo kahi hopena, he nui ka hopena o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻōpū o ka kō, a me ka maʻi bacteria asymptomatic, a me ka make hoʻi e hoʻonui.
ʻĀmaʻomaʻo
ʻO ke kiʻi o ka maʻi pneumonia i nā maʻi maʻi like ka like o nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi i nā maʻi maʻi maʻamau. Akā ʻaʻohe maʻi maʻamau o nā poʻe maʻi ma mua, no ka nāwaliwali loa o ko lākou kino.
Nā hōʻailona alakaʻi i ka maʻi:
- ohua;
- maloʻo maloʻo, me ka manawa e hoʻohuli;
- ke anu, me ka wela o ke 38 degere;
- luhi;
- lie kanikela
- nele o ka momona;
- ʻaʻano pōkole
- nāliuli kūliu;
- ʻʻAla
- hipogekisisis.
Eia kekahi, hiki ke hōʻeha i ka ʻeha i hoʻopā ʻia, e hoʻonui ana i ka wā o ka huhū. A i kekahi o nā mea maʻi, ua ulia ke ao ʻana a me ka cyanosis o ka triangle nasolabial.
ʻAʻole he mea pono ia e hiki ke hele ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi me nā maʻi maʻi o ka hanu ʻana i hele aku no ʻelua mau mahina ʻelua. A aia ka pilikia o ka hanu ʻana inā hōʻiliʻili nā fudous exudate i loko o ka alveoli, e hoʻopiha ana i ka lumen o ke kino a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i kāna hana maʻamau. Hoʻopili ka mea i loko o nā pūpū ma muli o ka mea i hoʻouna ʻia nā mea pale i ka pale maʻi e pale ai i ka laulā nui o nā maʻi a me ka luku ʻana i nā maʻi a me nā huakini.
I ka maʻi maʻamau, e pili pinepine ana ka hua ʻiliʻu a i lalo paha o ka māmā. Eia kekahi, i ka hapanui o nā hihia, hele mai ka maʻi ʻana i ke kumuhana kūpono, i wehewehe ʻia e nā hiʻohiʻona anatomical, no ka mea ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka pathogen e komo i ka bronchus pololei ākea a pōkole.
ʻO ka edema pulmonary e ukali pū me ka cyanosis, pōkole o ka hanu a me kahi manaʻo o ka constriction i loko o ka umauma. Eia nō hoʻi, ʻo ka hōʻiliʻili o ka huehue i loko o kahi māmā o kahi manawa no ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka puʻuwai a me ka pupuhi ʻana i ka ʻeke puʻuwai.
I ka mea e holomua ai edema, nā hōʻailona e like me:
- tachycardia;
- paʻakikī ka hanu
- hypotension;
- ʻeha nui a me ka ʻeha ʻeha;
- ka hoʻoilo ʻana i ka hana ʻōpio a me nā māka;
- hakulua.
He hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ke pale aku
ʻO ke kumu o ka mālamaʻana i ka maʻi pneumonia he papa no ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi antibacterial. Eia hou, he mea koʻikoʻi loa ia e hoʻopau ai i ka hopena, inā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomaha hou.
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kahi ʻano maʻi maʻamau me nā lāʻau lapaʻau e ʻae ʻia e nā maʻi maʻi maʻi (Amoxicillin, Azithromycin). Eia naʻe, i ka manawa o ka lawe ʻana i kēlā kālā, he mea nui ke nānā pono i nā hōʻailona o ka glucose, e pale aku i ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻōpiopio.
Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano ʻoi loa o nā maʻi me nā antibiotika, akā e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ʻo ka hui pū ʻana - ka maʻi diabetes a me ka hoʻonaninani, ua ʻōlelo paʻa ʻia e nā kauka hele mai.
Eia kekahi, me ka maʻi ʻaʻai, hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau.
- Hoʻolā;
- ʻaukā;
- antipyretic.
Inā pono, ua kuhikuhi i nā lāʻau antiviral - Acyclovir, Ganciclovir, Ribavirin. He mea nui e nānā i ka hoʻomaha o ka moena, kahi e pale ai i ka hoʻomohalaʻana o nā hihia.
Inā hōʻiliʻili ka nui o nā wai i loko o ke kō, hiki ke ʻoki. Hoʻohana ʻia kahi respirator a me kahi mask oxygen i mea e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ai i ka hanu. I mea e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ai i ke kaʻe o ka ʻalā mai nā māmā, pono ke inu ka mea maʻi i ka wai nui (a hiki i 2 lita), akā inā ʻaʻohe lua a i ʻole ka hopena naʻau. ʻO ke wikiō ma kēia ʻatikala e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka maʻi pneumonia maʻi.
