ʻO ka Diabetes mellitus (DM) kahi pilikia kūikawā e pale ai i nā poʻe lehulehu i kēia ke ola i ka hana maʻamau o ke ola. Loaʻa ʻia nā pākeke a me nā kamaliʻi.
I ka manawa like, ʻo ka nui a me ka nui o nā hihia me kēlā me kēia mau makahiki 10-15 aneane heʻano pālua, a ʻoi hoʻi ka maʻi ʻōpio.
Wahi a nā kūpuna o nā kānaka ʻepekema, ma ka 2030 kokoke i kēlā me kēia 20 o ka noho ʻana o ko mākou honua e pilikia ai i ka maʻi maʻi o nā pae like ʻole.
ʻO ka papa kuhikuhi maʻamau o ka maʻi
ʻO ka maʻi diabetes mellitus he ʻano maʻi, ke ʻano o ka mea e hoʻonāukiuki i nā pōʻino i ka ʻoihana endocrine.
Hōʻike ka kino o ka mea maʻi ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kōhi koko a me kona paʻa mau ʻana ma kahi pae ʻole i hiki ʻole ai ke ke olakino olakino.
Hāpai ʻia kēlā mau loli i ka hana e pili ana i ka hana ʻana o nā kīʻaha koko, kahi hōʻemi i ke kahe koko a me nā nāwaliwali i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana me ka oxygen. A ʻo ke kumu, aia ka nele o kekahi mau kino (nā maka, nā ʻōpū, nā limu haʻahaʻa, nā pēpē a me nā mea ʻē aʻe), a me ka ulu ʻana o nā maʻi concomitant.
Aia nā kumu hewa nui e pili pono ana i nā hemahema o ke kino a me ka hypoglycemia. ʻO ka ikaika a me nā hiʻohiʻona o kāna papa e hilinaʻi ʻia i ke ʻano o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi.
No laila, e like me nā wahī o nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia e nā kauka, e hiki ke kahakaha ʻia ka maʻi maʻi i nā ʻano ma lalo nei (e pili ana i ka paʻakikī o ke papa):
- kukui. ^ E Ha yM. Hōʻike ʻia kēia pae haʻahaʻa e nā pae gula liʻiliʻi loa. Inā ʻoe e lawe i ke ʻano koko no ke kōpaʻa ma loko o kahi ʻōpū ʻole, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ka hōʻailona ma mua o 8 mmol / L. Me kēia ʻano o ke ala o ka maʻi, e lawa ana ka papaʻai e mālama i ke kūlana o ka mea maʻi i ke kūlana ʻoluʻolu;
- paʻapū paʻaha. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka pae o ka glycemia i kēia manawa ke piʻi i 14 mmol / l, inā ʻoe e lawe i kahi hōʻike koko wikiwiki. ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ketosis a me ke ketoacidosis hiki nō hoʻi. ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale i ke ʻano me ke maʻi hoʻonaʻahaʻa hiki ke kau ʻia ma muli o kaʻai, ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā pae o ke kō koko, a me ka hoʻopuka ʻana i ka insulin (ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 40 OD i kēlā me kēia lā);
- kaumaha. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka wikiwiki ʻana o ka glycemia ma waena o 14 mmol / L. I ka lā, aia nā hiʻohiʻona nui o nā kō. ʻO ka hoʻokele mau o ka insulin, ʻo ke kaʻe o ka mea he 60 OD, e kōkua i ka hoʻokō i ke kūlana o ka mea maʻi.
KA ʻĀnANA
A hiki i ʻOkakopa 1999, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau maʻi maʻi e ka WHO i ka makahiki 1985. Eia nō naʻe, i ka makahiki 1997, ua kuhikuhi mai ke Komite o nā Hui ʻAmelika o ka ʻAmelika ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i kahi koho no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka ʻike a me nā hopena o nā noi ʻana i ka etiology, pathogenesis a me heterogeneity o ka maʻi maʻi i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia e nā ʻepekema i kēia manawa.
ʻO ke kumu etiological he kumu i ka pae hou o ka maʻi, no laila, ʻae ʻia nā kumumanaʻo e like me "insulin-dependence" a me "diabetes-dependant" diabetes ". Wahi a nā poʻe loea, ua hoʻopunipuni nā ʻōlelo i luna aʻe me nā kauka a hōʻole ʻia me ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ma kekahi mau kauka.
I kēia hihia, ua mālama ʻia nā wehewehe o ka maʻi mellitus o ka maʻi type o ka maʻi mellitus a me nā type 2. ʻO ka manaʻo o ka diabetes mellitus, ma muli o ka mea ʻai maikaʻi ʻole i hoʻopau ʻia, no ka mea, ʻaʻole i hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻia ka nui o ka nui o ka protein e hiki ai ke hoʻonui i ke kōhi koko.
ʻO ka maʻi maʻi Fibrocalculeous, ua hoʻoholo ʻia e kuhikuhi i ka nui o nā maʻi i maʻi ʻia e nā maʻi maʻi ma ka hana ʻana o ka mea hana exocrine pancreatic. Pēlā pū kekahi ʻokoʻa hoʻokiʻu ʻia ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kō ua haki wale ʻia ma ka ʻōpū ʻole. Ua hoʻoholo ʻia kēia kūlana e lilo i ka wili i waena o ke ʻano maʻamau o ke kaʻina o ka pakanui glucose, a me nā hōʻike hānai.
Ka hilinaʻi Insulin (ʻano 1)
ʻO ka wā ma mua, ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻano ʻano kūlike ʻo ka wā ʻōpiopio, ʻōpio a i ʻole autoimmune. Ma ka maʻi diabetes type 1, pono ka hoʻomau ʻia o ka insulin e hoʻokau i ka kūlana o ka mea maʻi, no ka mea e hoʻōki ka kino i ka hana ʻana i ka insulin i ka nui e pono ai no ke kūlana olakino ma muli o ka haunaele i nā hana kūlohelohe.
ʻO nā ʻōuli e hōʻike nei i nā maʻi maʻi type 1 ke ʻano:
- nā hana hōʻeha nui;
- ka ʻike mau ʻana o ka pōloli a me ka makewai;
- mea kaumaha
- ʻike maka.
Hōʻike pinepine ʻia nā hōʻailona i hōʻike ʻia ma luna. Hoʻopilikia ka maʻi āpau 1 i kahi pōpilikia i loko o kahi aʻokiʻoki, i ka manawa e ulu ai ke kino i nā antibodies i nā aʻa o ka pancreas. Hoʻokomo pinepine ka imunuma ma muli o kahi maʻi (hepatitis, chickenpox, rubella, mumps a me nā mea he nui).
Kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa (type 2)
ʻO kēia maʻi maʻi maʻi ka mea e hele i nā pākeke. ʻO ke kumu no ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā maʻi ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ke kino i ka insulin.
ʻO ka maʻamau o ke kumu o ka maʻi diabetes, he momona nui, a he momona nui paha, ʻike ʻole ka ʻāina, a i ʻole ka luhi.
Hoʻohālikelike nā ʻano like ʻole o ka maʻi type like me nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole 1. Akā, i kēia hihia, ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻohālikelike ʻia. No kēia kumu, ʻike ʻia ka maʻi ma ka hapa o ka nui ma hope o nā makahiki he nui, i ka manawa i loaʻa i ka maʻi nui mua nā maʻi.
A hiki i kēia manawa, ua loaʻa wale ka maʻi diabetes type 2 i waena o nā pākeke. Akā i kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ua pilikia nā keiki i kēia ʻano maʻi.
Hoʻoikaika glucose hoʻohaʻahaʻa
Wahi a ka helu kahiko, ʻaʻohe wale nō o nā ʻano maʻamau o ka maʻi maʻi, i hele pū ʻia me nā hopena a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi o ke ʻano, akā ke ʻano hoʻi o ka maʻi.Me nā palapala i hua ʻole, e hoʻonui nui ʻia ka nui o ke kōpaʻa koko, a ma hope iho e emi ʻole ai ka lōʻihi.
Ua kapa ʻia kēia maʻi i ka hoʻomanawanui i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa glucose. ʻO ia, ʻoiai ke kīnā ʻole o ka pōʻino, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia i ka diabetes type 2 a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe he nui.
Inā loaʻa nā hana i ka manawa, hiki ke pale i ka maʻi diabetes i nā makahiki 10-15 ma mua o ka hiki ʻana mai. Inā ʻaʻole mālama ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻo ia ka manawa e hiki ai i kahi hanana e like me ka "hoʻāno hoʻoliʻi maʻi glucose" i hiki ke ulu i loko o ka maʻi diabetes type 2.
ʻO ka maʻi maʻi gestational
ʻO kēia keʻano o ka maʻi maʻi ma kahi o ka hyperglycemia i kū mua a hele mai i ka mālamalama i ka wā hāpai.
I kahi hihia o kahi maʻi maʻi gestational, hiki i nā hopena ke hele i ka wā gestation a me ka hānau ʻana.
Eia nō kekahi, ʻo ia ka nui o nā wahine i hoʻonui ʻia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke ʻano maʻi type 2. ʻO ka maʻamau, he haʻahaʻa a maʻalahi ʻole nā hōʻailona o kēia ʻano maʻi.
No kēia kumu, ʻaʻole ʻike ka ʻike o ka maʻi i ka ʻikepili i loaʻa i ka wā o ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana i ka mea maʻi, akā i ka nānā ʻana o ka prenatal screening.
Maila maʻi ʻaʻai
ʻO ka maʻi maʻamau o ka maʻi he hopena o ka maʻi o nā maʻi ʻē aʻe a i ʻole nā loli: nā pancreatic tumors, pancreatitis, hōʻemi hormonal, hoʻololi genetic a me nā kūlana ʻē aʻe.
ʻAno palapala
Pēlā i loko o nā hana lapaʻau, aia kekahi mea e like me ka "maʻi latimmune diabetes".
Loaʻa ka maʻi maʻi i ka pākeke wale nō, a ʻo kona mau hōʻailona ka mea ma waena o ka maʻi diabetes type 2 a me ke ʻano 1.
I ka nui o nā hihia, ua maʻi ʻia nā mea maʻi me kēia mau hōʻike o ka maʻi me ka maʻi diabetes type 2. ʻOi aku ka hoʻohana maʻamau o ka wehewehe ʻana o ka maʻi diabetes 1.5 ʻano.
Nā wikiō pili
E pili ana i nā ʻano maʻi maʻi i ka wikiō:
ʻO kahi maʻi maʻi mellitus ka maʻi maʻi. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻohana pono ʻana i nā manawa pōkole, kaʻai ʻana a me ka hoʻokō mau ʻana i nā hana pale e hiki ke hoʻonui i ke ola o ka mea maʻi a hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i kona pono.
