He mau maʻi o ka atherosclerosis ka hoʻomau i ka maʻi o nā huaʻi i ka nui o ka kolamu e hōʻiliʻili ai i ka pā vascular a puka i nā hua pā.
ʻO ka waiho mau ʻana i nā mea hou ma luna o kahi pākī i ke ala e alakaʻi ana i kahi kaʻeha hoʻoneʻe i ke moku, ka ʻoki ʻana o ka pā a me ke ʻili ʻana i kona lumen.
He mea koʻikoʻi loa ka mea hope loa, no ka mea, ʻo ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka venne lumen e alakaʻi i ka kahe o ke koko a me ka ischemia (ka hapa o ka oxygen) o nā kino pili.
ʻO nā mea nui nui ka mea e loaʻa ai ka pōmaikaʻi, nā puʻuwai, nā puʻuwai, nā pūpū a me nā wāwae haʻahaʻa.
Nā kumu kumu o ka maʻi
ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka atherosclerosis hiki ke kōkua i nā kumu he nui. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole noiʻi ʻo ka noiʻi i ka hōʻoki ʻana i ke kumu kumu i kōkua ʻia i ka hoʻomohala ʻia o ka maʻi. Ua ʻike ka poʻe noiʻi i kekahi o nā mea i hiki ke hoʻonāukiuki i ka nānā ʻana o kahi maʻi.
I waena o lākou, hōʻike ʻokoʻa nā mea pili i kēia ʻano pilikia:
- Predisposition genetic - ke nānā pinepine ʻia ka ulu ʻana o atherosclerosis i nā pili pili. Ua kapa ʻia kēia he "ʻohana ʻohana koʻikoʻi";
- Ma luna o ka momona - ʻaʻole pono ia no kekahi e hoʻohui i ka kilograms, a no ka atherosclerosis he kūlana maikaʻi loa kēia, ʻo ka mea hoʻonāukiuki i ka hiʻona o nā metabolism āpau, me ka lipid metabolism;
- Ka hōʻino maikaʻi ʻana i ka waiʻona - ke hoʻopilikia maikaʻi nei i nā kino āpau a me nā kīʻaha koko, e hoʻololi maʻalahi i ko lākou ʻano;
- ʻO ka ulaula - he maikaʻi ka maikaʻi o ka nikotine ma ka māmā, hoʻonui i ka pono o ka paia vascular, e ʻoi hou ka palupalu a emi i ka elastic;
- Hoʻomaka nā kāne i nā ʻike mua o ka atherosclerosis ma awelika 10 mau makahiki ma mua o nā wāhine, a ʻehā paha mau maʻi maʻi;
- ʻAiuma - he mea koʻikoʻi ia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka maʻi, no ka mea he 40 mau makahiki i hiki ai i ke kino ke maʻalahi i nā kaʻina pathological;
- ʻO ka maʻi diabetes mellitus kekahi o nā kumu pōpilikia loa, no ka mea, ke hoʻomohala nei ka maʻi diabetes i nā moku liʻiliʻi a me nā mea nui (micro- a me ka macroangiopathy), kahi mea i hoʻopili wale ʻia i nā papa o atherosclerotic i loko o ko lākou mau pā;
- Sedentary lifestyle - me ka liʻiliʻi o ka hana pilikino, e hoʻomaka ana kekahi kanaka e kau i ka paona, a laila ua ʻike mua ke kaʻina;
- ʻO kekahi mau hana hoʻokalakupua o lipid metabolism, kūwaho - kahi emi o ka neʻe ʻana o nā lipoproteins density kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ia ka "maikaʻi", ʻaʻole ka atherogenic cholesterol;
- ʻO ka maʻi metabolic ka inoa ākea no nā hōʻike like ʻole e like me ke hypertension, modes type moderity (ka hapanui o nā momona momona i loko o ka ʻōpū), nā triglycerides kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa glucose i hoʻonaninani (ʻo ia paha kahi harbinger o ka maʻi mellitus);
- ʻO nā kaumaha nui, ka ʻike, nā kaumaha a me ke kaumaha - no ka mea, ua hoʻonui pinepine ʻia ke kaumaha, a me nā moku hoʻi i loko o ka hōʻeha o ka nui.
Pono e hoʻomaopopo kaawale ma mua o nā maʻi i hala, hele aku ʻo atherosclerosis me kahi kiʻi klolo i haʻi ʻia a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī.
Penei nā maʻi:
- Na maʻi maʻi mellitus;
- Hypertension Arterial;
- Nā ʻilima
- Maʻi o Raynaud;
- Atrial fibrillation;
Eia kekahi, ʻo kēia pūʻulu o nā maʻi e loaʻa pū me nā hemahema o ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular.
ʻO nā hōʻailona ʻokoʻa o ka atherosclerosis
ʻO nā hōʻailona maʻamau e pili ana i ka atherosclerosis i hilinaʻi nui ʻia ma ka pūnaewele o ka lawe ʻana i nā palalā atherosclerotic, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua moku ka moku. I ke kino kanaka, kūkulu i nā kauka i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka maʻi ma nā wahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. ʻO nā moku kalepa ākea a me nā pā kau ʻia me nā ʻāpana māhuahua i ulu ʻia i ka maʻi.
ʻO kēia mau moku ma ke kino:
- Nā ʻāpana ʻala.
- Aorta.
- Nā kīʻaha Cerebral.
- Nā ʻenehana Mesenteric (a i ʻole mesenteric).
- Nā lāʻau hīmeni.
- Nā kuʻekuʻe haʻahaʻa o nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
ʻO kēlā me kēia ʻano o nā moku arterial he mau hiʻohiʻona ponoʻī ma ke ʻano anatomical.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hale anatomical ke loaʻa he hopena koʻikoʻi ma ke ala o ka maʻi a me kāna mau hōʻike koʻikoʻi ma ke kino, kahi e hana ai i nā loli pathological.
Aia ma muli o ke kīhaha e kau ʻia, ua ʻike ʻia kekahi mau ʻano o ka pathology, kahi ʻokoʻa i ke ʻano o nā hōʻailona ʻano hōʻailona hōʻailona i ke kaʻina o ka holomua.
Nā hiʻohiʻona maʻi a me nā hōʻike ʻano o ka atherosclerosis
Nā arteri Coronary - lawe lākou i ke koko momona ka oxygen i ka puʻuwai. I ka wā e pōʻino ai lākou, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka myocardium ka nui o ka oxygen, a hiki ke hōʻike kēia iā ia iho i ke ʻano o ka hoʻouka ʻana o ka angina ʻano.
ʻO Angina pectoris kahi hōʻike hōʻike pololei o ka maʻi naʻau coronary (CHD), kahi mau mea maʻi e ʻike ai i kahi wela wela, e hoʻihoʻi ana ma hope o ka sternum, pōkole o ka hanu a me ka makaʻu i ka make. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Angina pectoris nā angina pectoris.
Hōʻike pinepine ʻia kēlā mau maʻi i ka wā o ka hoʻoikaika kino o ka hoʻoikaika ʻokoʻa, akā naʻe, me ke kaʻina holo ʻana, hiki ke hūnā i ka hoʻomaha. A laila ua ʻike ʻia lākou me ka hoʻomaha angina pectoris. ʻO ka hōʻeha nui paha i nā lāʻau hiki ke alakaʻi i myocardial infarction - necrosis o ka "necrosis" o ka myocardium. ʻO ka mea kaumaha, ma kahi o nā hapalua o nā hihia, hiki i ka hōʻeha ʻeha ke alakaʻi i ka make.
Aorta - Ka ʻike maʻamau i hoʻopili ʻia ai aortic. I kēia hihia, hiki ke hoʻopiʻi ka hoʻopiʻi o nā maʻi maʻi, no ka laʻana, ka dizz, ka palupalu nui, i kekahi manawa nāwaliwali, nā hōʻeha ʻōpū.
Nā wahī Cerebral (nā moku cerebral) - a loaʻa ke ʻano o ka symptomatology. Hoʻopilikia ʻia nā mea maʻi e nā mea hoʻomanaʻo hoʻomanaʻo, lilo lākou i nā paʻi nui, e loli mau ka ʻoliʻoli o lākou. Aia paha he mau headache a me nā loli hala cerebrovascular (hōʻeha ʻia ischemic attack). No kēlā mau mea maʻi, he ʻano nui ka hōʻailona ʻo Ribot: hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomanaʻo mau i nā hanana o nā makahiki i hala, akā hiki ʻole ke haʻi iki i kahi mea i hana ʻia i kahi lā a i ʻole ma mua. ʻAʻole pōʻino ka hopena o kēia mau hōʻino - hiki i kahi hōʻeha ke hoʻomohala (make o kahi ʻāpana o ka lolo).
ʻO nā ʻenehana Mesenteric (a i ʻole mesenteric) - i kēia hihia, ua pili ke kī ʻana i nā moku e komo ana i ka mesentery o ka ʻōpū. Kahi ʻia kēlā ʻano kaʻina hana. E nānā ka poʻe i nā wela ma ka ʻōpū, ka puʻu ʻana o ka maʻi (constipation or diarrhea). ʻO kahi hopena koʻikoʻi paha paha he puʻuwai ʻeha o ka ʻōpū, a ma hope iho he gangrene.
He hana koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi nā wahalaʻa. ʻO ka mea mua, hoʻomaka ka poʻe maʻi e hoʻonui i ka pume, a aneane hiki ʻole ke hoʻēmi me ia me ke kōkua o nā lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO kēia ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka renal (kūloko, hōʻailona o ka maʻi) hypertension. Aia kekahi puʻupuʻu kekahi ma nā ʻāina lumbar, nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i ka urination. Hiki i ke kaʻina hana nui ke alakaʻi i ka hana ʻole o ka pilikia.
ʻO nā haʻalulu o nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa - ua komo kēia i ka wahine, popliteal, tibial a me nā hāhā o ka wāwae o hope. ʻO kā lākou atherosclerosis ka mea pinepine ka hemahema, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke pani ʻana i ka lumen o ka moku.
ʻO ka hōʻailona mua loa he "maʻi intermittent claudication" - ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea maʻi ke hele lōʻihi no ka ʻole o ka noho ʻana. ʻAe pinepine lākou i ka hoʻōki no ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka hikiwawe o nā wāwae a me nā wāwae, kahi manaʻo hōʻā i kahi mea lahilahi, ke kino pale a iʻole ka cyanosis, ka manaʻo o nā "goose bumps". E like me nā hoʻopiʻi ʻē aʻe, hoʻoweliweli pinepine i ka ulu ʻana o nā lauoho ma luna o nā wāwae, keʻokeʻo i ka ʻili, ka helehelena o nā ulia trophic ulia lōʻihi, kahi loli i loko o ke ʻano a me nā kala o nā kui.
ʻO kekahi hōʻeha liʻiliʻi i ka ʻili e alakaʻi i nā ulia trophic, kahi e hiki mai ana ma hope i ke gangrene. Hoʻopilikia nui kēia no nā maʻi maʻi, a no laila uaʻike ikaika ʻia lākou e mālama i ko lākou mau wāwae, e kāʻei i nā kāmaʻa kāʻili ʻole ʻole, mai ʻoki i ko lākou mau wāwae a mālama pono iā lākou.
Hōʻalo paha nā pulsation o nā ʻāpana o ke kaʻa o ka hopena o nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
Nā hōʻailona Diagnostic no ka atherosclerosis
Kuhi ʻia ka maʻi maʻi o ka atherosclerosis ma luna o kekahi mau loiloi. ʻO ka mea mua, ua loiloi ʻia nā hoʻopiʻi a ka mea maʻi, a ke hilinaʻi nei iā lākou, hiki i kahi ke kuhi hewa wale nō i kahi i hele mai ai nā loli. No ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka maʻi ma mua, ua noi ʻia ke kāpili a me nā hana noiʻi noiʻi.
Ma waena o nā ala noiʻi noiʻi, makemake ʻia kahi hōʻike hoʻoliʻiliʻi a biochemical, kahi e loiloi ai i ka pae o ka kolamu. I ka manawa pinepine me ka atherosclerosis, e hoʻonui ʻia ia. ʻO ke kumu o ka heluna nui o 2.8-5.2 mmol / L. No kahi kiʻi hou aku nei o ka lipid komposisi o ke koko, ua kuhikuhi ʻia kahi kōmike lipid. Ua hōʻike ʻia ia nā pae o nā ʻano lipids āpau i ko mākou kino:
- huakini piha;
- lipoproteins haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ("bad" cholesterol);
- nā lipoproteins haʻahaʻa loa;
- waena lipoproteins waena;
- lipoproteins kūloko kiʻekiʻe ("maikaʻi" cholesterol);
- triglycerides;
- chylomicrons.
ʻO nā loli maʻamau o ka lipid profile ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pae o ka lipoproteins haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka kaila o ka nui o nā lipoproteins kiʻekiʻe.
No ka ʻike pono ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi, ua hoʻouna ʻia lākou no ka angiography (kahi hōʻike vascular me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka mea hoʻohālikelike), ultrasound intravascular, compact tomography (CT) a me nā magneto resonance imaging (MRI).
Hāʻawi kēia mau ala iā ʻoe e ʻike i ka hele ʻana o nā loli like ʻole i ke kaena o nā kīʻaha koko, e hoʻoholo i ke kiʻekiʻe o ko lākou stenosis (ʻiliʻili) a i ʻole e hōʻino ʻia hou.
ʻO nā hana Therapeutic no ka atherosclerosis
He lōʻihi ka hana ʻana o ka atherosclerosis.
Pono ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa lāʻau i nā hōʻike lōʻihi mai ka mea maʻi a me kāna kauka.
Pono ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi i kahi phasing a me kahi ala hoʻohui.
Ma ke kaʻina hana o ka maʻi hana:
- ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
- Hoʻopau i kahiʻai maʻi.
- ʻO ka hana kino pilikino.
- ʻO ke hoʻohana ʻana i nā kūpeʻe makaʻāina (koho).
- ʻO ka pale i ka hoʻolaha o ke kaʻina hana.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau o ka atherosclerosis i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau lipid-hoʻohaʻahaʻa (e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka pae o lipids, i ka cholesterol kūikawā).
ʻO kēia mau nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me Statins (Atorvastatin, Rosuvastatin, Akorta), Fibrates (Fenofibrate, Besofibrate), anion exchange resins (Cholestyramine, Colestipol) a me ka nicotinic acid hoʻomākaukau (Nikotinamide, Vitamin B3).
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka inu ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ma mua o ka hiamoe, ʻo ka mea nui ka nui o ka cholesterol e hua ʻia e ko mākou kino i ka pō. Hoʻohana pū ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea paʻakikī o nā huaora, nā minerala a me nā mea nānā i ke kaʻina, e kōkua i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke kahe o ke koko a hōʻemi i nā pilikia, ua ʻōlelo pū ʻia. ʻO Antispasmodics (Papaverine, No-Shpa), ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā kīʻaha koko, hana pono.
Hoʻohana ʻia me ka papa kolamu nui nā ka haʻalele mai ka ʻai ʻana o ka mea i hoʻolalapale ʻia, paʻakai, ʻai i nā meaʻai, nā meaʻai wikiwiki, nā momona, kahi nui o ka paʻakai, kaʻula, nā momona momona. Ma kahi o ka mea, ua ʻōlelo ʻia e ʻai i nā mea ʻai hou a me nā huaʻai, nā hua like ʻole, nā iʻa momona haʻahaʻa, ʻānai kai a inu i ka liʻiliʻi a hoʻokahi hapalua lita wai o ka wai maʻemaʻe i kēlā me kēia lā.
Pono pono ke kino pilikino no ka hoʻolilo ʻana a me ka hoʻoikaika kino kino. ʻO ke kaupaona ʻana he kumu kūpono koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke ʻano maʻi type 2, kahi e loaʻa ai nā moku, a hiki i kahi lesi atherosclerotic ʻaʻole lākou e pōmaikaʻi iā lākou. I kēia hihia, ʻōlelo ʻia kēlā me kēia lā no ka liʻiliʻi o hoʻokahi hola i kahi lā. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i nā ʻeneki māmā, ʻaʻole hoʻi ka hana kino olakino, e like me ka lepa māmā.
Maikaʻi maikaʻi nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka mālama ʻana i ka home. Hiki iā ia ke laka flax, aila linseed aila, infusions a me nā decoction mai nā ʻano lāʻau like ʻole. Hoʻopili hou nā mea hoʻohui biologically (ʻo nā papa hana meaʻai) kūpono hoʻi.
ʻO ka paleʻana i ka atherosclerosis pono i ka pale ʻana i ka piʻi o ka maʻi. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, pono ʻoe e haʻalele i ka hana ʻino (inu wai ʻawa a me ka uahi), a ʻano hoʻi ka ʻōnaehana ʻana ma ke ʻano haʻuki, e hāhai i kaʻai a emi ʻole ka makaʻu.
Kūkāʻo ke pathogenesis o atherosclerosis i ke wikiō i kēia ʻatikala.
