Pono ke kanaka noʻonoʻo e pono ke ʻike i ke kumu e pono ai ka cholesterol. ʻOiai ka pili o ka atherosclerosis e pili ana i kēia huaʻōlelo, ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e ke kaʻina o ka ʻāʻī i nā kahe o nā pā vascular a me ke kūkulu ʻana i nā kolesterol, a ʻo ke kolamu ka mea nui no ka kino.
Mālama kēia pūpū i ka hoʻomau o ka membrane cell, hoʻōla i ka hana o nā bitamina a me nā hormones, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻōnaehana nūna, e hoʻoneʻe ana i nā toxins, pale i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻōkuhi haʻahaʻa. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā kikoʻi hou inā pono ke kino i ka kolesterol ma kēia ʻāpana.
He aha ka cholesterol?
ʻO Cholesterol (mai ka ʻōlelo Helene "chole" - bile, "stereos" - paʻa) ka pūpū o nā mea kanu olala i kēia manawa i loko o nā membrane pili o nā mea ola a pau o kā mākou honua, i nā hāmeʻa, ʻaʻole i kūleʻa a me nā mea kanu.
ʻO kēia kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo polyophclic lipophilic (momona) i hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia i ka wai. Hiki ke wāwahi ʻia ia i ka momona a i ʻole kahi kala wai. ʻO ka ʻōmole kumu hoʻohālikelike o ka waiwai penei: C27H46O. ʻO ka haʻalulu ʻana o ke kolamu ma waena o 148 a i 150 degere Celsius, a ke kō ai - 360 degere.
Ma kahi o 20% o ka kolamu e komo i ke kino o ke kanaka me ka meaʻai, a ʻo ke koena 80% e hua ʻia e ke kino, ʻo ia hoʻi o nā pūpū, nā ate, nā ʻōpū, nā kelepaʻi adrenal a me nā gonads.
ʻO nā kumu kahi o ka kolamu kiʻekiʻe o nā meaʻai:
- lolo - he awelika o 1,500 mg o ka waiwai ma ka 100 g;
- nā pūpū - 600 mg / 100 g;
- hua a hua manu - 450 mg / 100 g;
- ika roe mokulele - 300 mg / 100 g;
- pata - 2015 mg / 100 g;
- nāu uu - 200 mg / 100 g;
- hopa a hana pālua - 150 mg / 100g;
- kalaka - 185 mg / 100g;
- momona (pipi a me ka puaʻa) - 110 mg / 100 g;
- puaʻa - 100 mg / 100g.
E hele ka mōʻaukala i ka ʻike ma hope no ka makahiki XVIII mamao, i ka wā i loaʻa ai iā P. de la Salle i 1769 kahi pūpū mai ka puʻuwai, nona nā waiwai. I kēlā manawa, ʻaʻole hiki i ka ʻepekema ke hoʻoholo i ke ʻano o ka waiwai.
20 mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua kāohi ʻo Chemist A. A. Fourcroix i ka kolamu maʻemaʻe. ʻO ka inoa hou o kēia ʻano ua hāʻawi ʻia e ka ʻepekema ʻo M. Chevreul i 1815.
Ma hope mai o ka makahiki 1859, ua ʻike ʻo M. Berthelot i kahi pūhui i loko o ka papa o nā alcohols, ʻo ia ke kumu i kapa ʻia ai kekahi kolamu.
No ke aha e pono ai ke kino i ka cholesterol?
ʻO Cholesterol kahi waiwai e pono ai no ka hana maʻamau o nā mea āpau āpau.
ʻO kāna hana nui, ʻo ia ka hoʻomālamalama i ka membrane plasma. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o kahi ʻāpana o ke membrane a hāʻawi iā ia i nā rigidity.
ʻO kēia ma muli o ka hoʻonuiʻana o ka mānoanoa o nā papa o nā molekala phospholipid.
ʻO kēia nā mea hoihoi hoihoi e hōʻike i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, no ke aha mākou e koi ai i ka kolamu ma ke kino o ke kanaka:
- Hoʻonui i nā hana hana o ka ʻōnaehana. ʻO Cholesterol kekahi ʻāpana o ka nerve fiber sheath, kahi i hoʻolālā ʻia e pale aku me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i waho. ʻO ka nui maʻamau o ke kumu e hoʻohālikelike i ka hana o nā nīnū o nā nerve. Inā no kekahi kumu i nele ka hewa i ka cholesterol, mālama ʻia nā kuhi hewa i loko o ka ʻōnaehana ma waena o ka ʻōnaehana.
- Hoʻopuka i kahi hopena antioxidant a kāpae i nā mea laʻala mai ke kino. Mālama ʻo Cholesterol i nā puʻuwai koko ʻulaʻula, nā ʻāpana koko ʻulaʻula, mai ke alo aku i nā meaʻokoʻa o nā toxins. Hiki ke kapa ʻia he antioxidant, no ka mea Hoʻonui ia i ke kūʻē o ke kino i nā maʻi a me nā hopena.
- Hoʻokomo i ka hana o nā momona a me nā hoʻonaninani momona. Hāʻawi ʻia kahi kuleana kūikawā i ka hana o ka vitamin D, ʻo ia hoʻi me ka makana wahine a me nā kāne steroid - cortisol, testosterone, estrogen a me aldosterone. Hoʻokomo ka Cholesterol ma ka hana o ka vitamin K, ka mea e kuleana ai i ka coagulation koko.
- Hāʻawi i kahi ʻoihana o nā meaola biologically ikaika. ʻO kēia hana ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā mea ma o ka membrane pūnaewele.
Hoʻopili, ʻo ke komo ʻana o ka kolamu ma ka pale ʻana o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā hana o ka maʻi cancer.
Ma ke pae maʻamau o ka lipoproteins, ke kāpae ʻia ke kaʻina o ka degeneration o benop neoplasms i loko o ka malignant.
He aha ka mea likeʻole ma waena o HDL a me LDL?
ʻAʻole hoʻohemo ʻo Cholesterol i ke koko, ka lawe ʻia ʻana e nā kahe koko e nā mea kūikawā - lipoproteins. ʻO ka lipoproteins kiʻekiʻe-density (HDL), i kapa ʻia ʻo "cholesterol" maikaʻi, a me nā lipoproteins low-density (LDL), a i ʻole he "maikaʻi ʻole" kolesterol, e pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia.
No ka HDL ke kuleana no ka lawe ʻana i nā lipids i nā moku, ka ʻōnaehana o ka pūpū a me ka puʻuwai naʻau, kahi e nānā ai ka syntile bile. Hoʻokahi i ka "pae" kolamu ka haki a hoʻopau ʻia i ke kino. ʻO ka lipoproteins ka momona kaumaha kiʻekiʻe e manaʻo ʻia he "maikaʻi" no ka ʻaʻole nā atherogen (ʻaʻole i alakaʻi i ke ʻano o nā pāpaʻi atherosclerotic).
ʻO ka hana nui o LDL e ka lawe ʻana i nā lipids mai ka puʻuwai i nā umauma o loko o ke kino. Eia kekahi, pili kahi pilina ma waena o ka helu o LDL a me atherosclerotic maʻi. No ka mea ʻaʻole e maloʻo nā lipoproteins haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ke koko, ʻo kā lākou mea nui e alakaʻi i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā ulu kolamu a me nā pālaʻi ma nā paia o nā wahī.
Pono hoʻi e hoʻomanaʻo i ke ʻano o ka triglycerides, a i ʻole nā lipids kūmole. ʻO lākou nā huaʻala o nā momona momona a me nā glycerin. Ke hoʻohui pū ʻia ka triglycerides me ke kolamu, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā momona koko - nā kumu hoʻolaʻa no ke kino o ke kanaka.
ʻO ka kolamu o ka kolamu ma ke koko
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana i nā hualoa o nā hōʻike i loaʻa pinepine i kahi hōʻailona e like me mmol / L. ʻO ka ʻike kolamu nui loa he punahele lipid. Ua kuhikuhi aku ka papa loea ma kēia ʻikepili no ka maʻi ʻaihue, maʻi maʻi cardiovascular, renal a me / a pehu paha o ka pehu, i mua o ke koko kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO ka pae kiʻekiʻe loa o ka cholesterol ma ke koko ʻaʻole iʻoi aʻe ma mua o 5.2 mmol / L. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka palena kiʻekiʻe loa i waena o 5.2 a 6.2 mmol / L. Ināʻoi aku nā hopena o ka loiloi ma mua o 6.2 mmol / l, hiki i kēia ke hōʻike i nā maʻi koʻikoʻi.
I hiki ʻole ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā hopena o ke aʻo ʻana, pono ia e hahai i nā lula o ka hoʻomākaukau no ka nānā ʻana. Lā ʻia ia e ʻai i ka meaʻai 9-12 mau hola ma mua o ka ʻike koko ʻana, no laila e lawe ʻia ana i kakahiaka. E haʻalele iki ʻia nā kaila a me ke kīpē; akā wale nō ka wai e inu. ʻO ka mea maʻi e hoʻohana ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau, pono ia e hoʻomaopopo i ke kauka e pili ana i kēia ʻole ʻole.
Kuhi ʻia ka pae kolamu ma ka kumu o kekahi mau hōʻailona - LDL, HDL a me triglycerides. Hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona maʻamau e pili ana i ka wahine a me nā makahiki ma ka papa ma lalo.
| Makau | Wahine wahine | Kāne kāne | ||||
| Kālā kolamu | LDL | KĀLLL | Kālā kolamu | LDL | KĀLLL | |
| <5 mau makahiki | 2.90-5.18 | - | - | 2.95-5.25 | - | - |
| 5-10 mau makahiki | 2.26 - 5.30 | 1.76 - 3.63 | 0.93 - 1.89 | 3.13 - 5.25 | 1.63 - 3.34 | 0.98 - 1.94 |
| 10-15 mau makahiki | 3.21-5.20 | 1.76 - 3.52 | 0.96 - 1.81 | 3.08-5.23 | 1.66 - 3.34 | 0.96 - 1.91 |
| 15-20 makahiki | 3.08 - 5.18 | 1.53 - 3.55 | 0.91 - 1.91 | 2.91 - 5.10 | 1.61 - 3.37 | 0.78 - 1.63 |
| 20-25 mau makahiki | 3.16 - 5.59 | 1.48 - 4.12 | 0.85 - 2.04 | 3.16 - 5.59 | 1.71 - 3.81 | 0.78 - 1.63 |
| 25-30 mau makahiki | 3.32 - 5.75 | 1.84 - 4.25 | 0.96 - 2.15 | 3.44 - 6.32 | 1.81 - 4.27 | 0.80 - 1.63 |
| 30-35 mau makahiki | 3.37 - 5.96 | 1.81 - 4.04 | 0.93 - 1.99 | 3.57 - 6.58 | 2.02 - 4.79 | 0.72 - 1.63 |
| 35-40 mau makahiki | 3.63 - 6.27 | 1.94 - 4.45 | 0.88 - 2.12 | 3.63 - 6.99 | 1.94 - 4.45 | 0.88 - 2.12 |
| 40-45 mau makahiki | 3.81 - 6.53 | 1.92 - 4.51 | 0.88 - 2.28 | 3.91 - 6.94 | 2.25 - 4.82 | 0.70 - 1.73 |
| 45-50 mau makahiki | 3.94 - 6.86 | 2.05 - 4.82 | 0.88 - 2.25 | 4.09 - 7.15 | 2.51 - 5.23 | 0.78 - 1.66 |
| 50-55 mau makahiki | 4.20 - 7.38 | 2.28 - 5.21 | 0.96 - 2.38 | 4.09 - 7.17 | 2.31 - 5.10 | 0.72 - 1.63 |
| 55-60 makahiki | 4.45 - 7.77 | 2.31 - 5.44 | 0.96 - 2.35 | 4.04 - 7.15 | 2.28 - 5.26 | 0.72 - 1.84 |
| 60-65 makahiki | 4.45 - 7.69 | 2.59 - 5.80 | 0.98 - 2.38 | 4.12 - 7.15 | 2.15 - 5.44 | 0.78 - 1.91 |
| 65-70 makahiki | 4.43 - 7.85 | 2.38 - 5.72 | 0.91 - 2.48 | 4.09 - 7.10 | 2.49 - 5.34 | 0.78 - 1.94 |
| > 70 mau makahiki | 4.48 - 7.25 | 2.49 - 5.34 | 0.85 - 2.38 | 3.73 - 6.86 | 2.49 - 5.34 | 0.85 - 1.94 |
ʻO nā mea i hoʻonui nui i ka cholesterol
ʻO ka hoʻonui pinepine ʻia o ka "maikaʻi" kolamu he hopena o ke ala kūpono ʻole a i kekahi mau maʻi.
ʻO ka hopena e pili ana ka hopenaʻino loa o ka hana lipid hopena he mea hoʻomohala o ka atherosclerosis. Hōʻike ʻia ke ala iā lākou e ka pōkole o ka lumen o nā huaʻala ma muli o ka hōʻiliʻili o nā hua kolamu.
Hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona mua o ka maʻi inā ke kūleʻa ʻo vascular ʻoi aku ma mua o 50%. Hoʻokomo ʻia a hopena paha e alakaʻi ai i ka maʻi naʻau coronary, ka ʻeha, ka puʻuwai a me ka thrombosis.
Pono ka poʻe a pau e ʻike i kēia mau mea e hoʻonui i ka LDL i ke koko, a i ʻole ka "kolamu" kino. E pili ana kēia:
- hana kino ole, i.e. nele i ka hoʻoikaika kino;
- mau ʻano maikaʻi - ka palau a me / a inu i ka waiʻona;
- ke kauā ʻana, ka māhuahua a me ka momona;
- ka kō ʻana mai i ka nui o nā momona trans, maʻalahi hāliʻiliʻi ka huamina;
- ka nele o nā huaora, nā pectins, fib, nā huina o ke kālā, nā momona momona a me nā lipotropic i loko o ke kino;
- nā hopena endocrine like ʻole - ka hana nui o ka insulin a i ʻole, i ka hoʻoliʻi ʻana, ka maʻi diabetes mellitus (hilinaʻi-kū i ka insulin a me ka ole-insulin-hilinaʻi), ʻaʻohe o nā hormone thyroid, nā hana sex, nā mea huna o ka hormone adrenal;
- ka laʻa o ka bile i ka ate ma muli o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kekahi mau lāʻau, ka hōʻino ʻona a me kekahi mau maʻi maʻi maʻi;
- heredity, e hōʻike ana iā ia iho i "familial dyslipoproteinemia";
- kekahi mau kalala o ka aʻala a me nā ʻōpio, kahi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka biosynthesis o HDL.
Ke kū nei ka nīnau no ke kumu he kuleana nui o ka microflora o ka pūpū i ka hoʻomau ʻana i nā pae o ka kolamu. ʻO ka meaʻoiaʻiʻo o ka microflora intestinal e hana i kahi hana ikaika i ka protein metabolism, hoʻololi a hoʻokaʻawale paha i nā sterogen o ka endogenous a me ka exogenous.
No laila, hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia i kekahi o nā mea nui nui e kākoʻo ana i ka home home home cholesterol.
Kākoʻo o ka maʻi cardiovascular
Ke ola nei ka ola olakino ma ke ʻano he nui a me ka pale ʻana o nā maʻi like ʻole. No ka mālama i ka kolamu maʻamau, pono ʻoe e hahai i kahi meaʻai, e hakakā kū i ke kino ole, hoʻoponopono i ke kaumaha o kou kino inā pono, a haʻalele i nā hana maikaʻi.
ʻO kahi kīʻai maikaʻi e pono ai i nā mea kanu maka, nā mea kanu a me nā hua. ʻO ka mea nui ke hāʻawi ʻia i nā legumes, no ka mea aia lākou e pili ana i ka 20% pectins e hoʻemi ana i ka cholesterol koko. Pēlā hoʻi, ka lipid metabolism e hoʻolaʻa i ka ʻiʻo o ka mea ʻai a me nā iʻa, nā huahana mai ka palaoa wholemeal, nā aila ʻala, kai a me nā ʻūma ʻomaʻo. Pono e hōʻemi ʻia o ka hua moa moa i nā ʻāpana he 3-4 i ka hebedoma. ʻO ka ʻai ʻana o nā meaʻai ma luna nei i loaʻa ka kolamu kiʻekiʻe, pono ʻoe e hōʻemi pono.
No ka mālama i ka tonus, pono ʻoe e hana i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa kakahiaka a i ʻole ia he kānāwai e hele i ka lewa hou. ʻO ka hypodynamia kekahi o nā pilikia o ke kanaka o ka makahiki XXI, e kaua ai. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā ʻōpū, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pale ʻana, pale i nā maʻi nui a me ka wā kahiko. No ka hana i kēia, hiki iā ʻoe ke pāʻani i ke kaʻi, volleyball, holo, yoga, etc.
ʻO ka ulaula kekahi mea e pono ai e hoʻokuʻu mua i ka mea a pau i pale ai i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka atherosclerosis a me nā ʻaoʻao āpau o cardiovascular.
ʻO ka hihia hakakā ke komo ʻana i kekahi o nā mea inu ʻona. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole pili kēia papa inoa i ka pia a me ka vodka. Eia nō naʻe, ʻae ka poʻe loea e like me kahi kīʻaha ʻulaʻula maloʻo i ka wā awakea ka hopena maikaʻi ma ke kino o ke kanaka. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka waina ka mea e hoʻemi ai i ka hopena o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā maʻi cardiovascular.
ʻIke i kēia manawa he mea e pono ai ka cholesterol no ke kino kanaka, he mea nui e hoʻomau i ka ʻike maikaʻi ʻana. ʻO nā lula o ke keʻakeʻa ma luna e kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ka hiki ʻana i ka lipid metabolism a me nā hoʻopiʻi hope aʻe.
E pili ana i nā hana o ka cholesterol i ho'ākāka ʻia i ke wikiō ma kēia ʻatikala.
