ʻO ka pancreas kahi mea ʻōpala hana e hana ai i nā enzyme pancreatic a me nā hormones, hoʻokō i nā hana exocrine a me nā exocrine. ʻO ka anatomy topographic o ka pancreas e koi i ka noiʻi kūikawā, no ka mea he nui nā hiʻohiʻona.
He mea pono ia me ka abnormalities ma ka hana o ke kino, e kūleʻa a me nā pilikia metabolic. Hoʻokumu nā maʻi i ka mea o ka pancreas e hana i nā loli pathological.
ʻO ke hoʻonohonoho o nā pancreas
Aia ka pancreas ma ka ʻaoʻao hope o ka peritoneum ma hope o ka ʻōpū, no laila ua inoa ka inoa. Ina e moe ana kekahi kanaka ma kona kua, aia ka kiko ma luna o keia okana, i ka manawa e kū ai ke kanaka ma kona mau wāwae, ka papa ʻaʻai a me ka ʻōpū ma luna o ka pae. E hele ana ke kuʻuna i ke alo mua, ke lō ka lōʻihi o ke koʻi.
I uhi ʻia ʻo ka pancreas me kahi kapula e kū pono ana i ka ʻili pili. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ka ʻāpana o nā huahele i nā ʻāpana i kau ʻia i ka ʻili waho. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka kohu mai kahi excretory ducts, kahi kelepa kūwili e hana ai i nā mea huna o ka pancreatic. Hoʻopili maikaʻi nā punawai liʻiliʻi i loko o ka waiʻo Wirsung, e wehe i ka duodenum.
Ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ke anane mai 15 a 20 paha kenimika, piʻi ma 4 kenimita ka laulā, a kau paona paha ma kahi o 70-80 gram. No ka pancreas kahi ma luna o ka ʻōpū o kaʻili, ʻoiai e pili kokoke ana me ka ate, ka ʻūpū a me nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe.
Ma ka anatomically, ua māhele ʻia ka ʻāpana i nā ʻāpana ʻekolu, ʻo ia hoʻi:
- ke kino;
- he poo;
- ka huelo.
Piʻi ke poʻo i ke kino, ma ka huli ʻana i ka ʻili, e kūʻē ana i ka spleen. Haʻalele ka splenic iʻa a me nā veins mai ka huelo.
I ka wili o ka pancreas kahi mahele nui o nā sela e hana ai i ka insulin hormone. Ke kūpono nei ke kaʻina pathological i kēia mahele o ke kino, ua pilikia ke kanaka mai nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi diabetes mellitus o ka ʻano mua a ʻelua paha.
ʻO ke poʻo o ka pancreas i ka helehelena ua like ia me nā kāmaʻa lio, i hoʻopuni ʻia e ka duodenum. Ma ka pae o ka vertebra lumbar mua, hele akula ka meridian kino.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ke kuhi o ka pancreas ma kahi helu o nā nuances, ʻo ka mea pili i ka nīnau pili i kahi pilina pili me ka peke hāmeʻa. Pono e kuhikuhi ʻia e pili ana i ka like a me ka nui o ka omentum liʻiliʻi e hilinaʻi ʻia ma nā ʻāpana anatomical o kekahi kanaka.
Ke kino o ka pancreas ma ka pae o ka pae mua, lua a i ʻole i ke kolu o ka vertebrae mua, ʻike ʻia ke poʻo ma waena o ka hā o ka huakaʻi a me ka ʻumikumamālua. Aia kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka lālā o kahi haʻahaʻa e pili ana i kahi kiʻekiʻe loa; e kū ana ia mai ka ʻumi o ka piko thoracic a i ka lua o ka vertebra o ka hope o lalo.
Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ke kaʻina hana, e hele pū me ka ʻula nui, ʻo ka nui o nā pancreas e hoʻonui. Ke hele nei ka atrophy o ka parenchyma, ke emi nei ke kaila o ka kelepa, ʻike maopopo ʻia i ka wā o ka nānā ʻana ka ultrasound (ultrasound).
Hoʻopili nā nā kūleʻa ma ka ʻaoʻao o waho o ke ʻano:
- renal;
- puka;
- hone.
Mai ka mua o ka pancreas, pā nā paia i ka ʻōpū, lele ka ʻala a splenic i luna, a me ka piko o ka duodenum ma lalo. ʻO ka ʻeke hoʻokoe e hoʻokaʻawale i ke kino mai ke ʻōpū.
Loaʻa ka huelo o ka gland i ka nui o nā mea o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū: ʻōpū, ʻōpū, ʻōpū, spleen.
Pono ke kaona o nā papa pancreatic i kahi noʻonoʻo kūʻokoʻa, hele a ka ʻaluna Virsung i waena o ia, a me ka pahu o ka bile a me ka santorinium, e wehe ʻia ana i ka membous mucous o ka duodenum.
Pākuʻi ʻia nā kumu paʻile me ka ʻōnaehana kumalā duodenum, no kēia kumu ke hoʻohui pinepine ʻia nā ʻōkumu o nā pancreas me nā manuahi ʻē aʻe o ka ʻoihana. No ka laʻana, a ʻeha ka mea i loaʻa i ka maʻi ulia a me ka cholecystitis, e hele koke ʻo ia me kekahi o nā ʻano o ka pancreatitis (a i ʻole pila).
Hāʻawi ʻia ke poʻo o ke ʻano me ke koko mai ka pancreatoduodenal arteries, ke koena o ka papa ʻaina i hanai ʻia e ka splenic vein.
Nā hana
Hiki i ka pancreas ke kapa palekana ʻia he mea kupaianaha maikaʻi loa, aia ma ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, hana i nā hormones a me nā enzyme, he mau mea ia o kahi hui ʻokoʻa, e kōkua ana i ka hoʻowalewale i ka ʻai komo ʻana.
ʻO ka wai pancreatic i hūnā ʻia e ke kino he wai maʻemaʻe. I loko o 24 mau hola, aneane 2 mau lita o ka waiwai, e hoʻokuʻu ana he 99% wai, nā ʻano mea kanu kūloko, lipase, amylase, chymotrypsin, trypsin a me bicarbonate.
Pono Lipase no ka haʻihaʻi o nā lipids kūleʻa i nā momona momona a me ka glycerin, lawe i kahi hana koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻoili ʻana o nā huaora, e hoʻohuli koke iā lākou i ka ikaika. ʻO ka waiwai amylase e wāwahi i ke kīpī i loko o polysaccharides a kōkua i nā pākeke e kū aʻe.
Hoʻolālā ʻia nā Chymotrypsin a me trypsin e wāwahi i ka protein a me nā peptides, a me ke kū ʻole o ka calcline, ke kahe mau o ke koko a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke koko.
I loko o kahi palupalu o nā enzyme digestive, kūkulu kahi kanaka i kahi ʻano o nā hōʻailona maikaʻi ʻole e hoʻopilikia i ka mokuʻāina. Ua nānā ʻia kahi hoʻokahi a ʻike ʻia paha:
- uū pū me ka eha;
- kaumaha a me ka pilikia ʻole ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana;
- pōpilikia o ka ʻōpū, ma hope o ka ʻaina kakahiaka;
- hoʻonāukiuki ke kōhū ʻana.
Me ka nele o nā mea momona, e hele wikiwiki ʻo ka mea maʻi, he ʻeha kona, hiki iā ia ke hele i loko o kahi ʻano kaumaha
Ua ikeia, hiki hoi i ka pancreas ke hana i mea e hana ai i nā hormone, kahi o ka insulin nui a me ka glucagon. Nā kuleana selama o nā kahakai o Langerhans no ka huna ʻia o ka insulin, a me nā kuleana alpha ke kuleana no ka hana ʻana o glucagon.
Kōkua ka hormon e kōkua i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka hana o ka protein, momona a me nā mea i hoʻowalewale i ke kino, hoʻohana ka waiwai i ka glucose i loko o ke koko, a hōʻemi i ka lipemia.
Pono kēlā me kēia kanaka e nānā i kona olakino, ʻo ia ka mea e hāʻawi iā ia i ka ola ma kahi ʻelemakule loa, ʻaʻole ia e ʻike i ka hale haukapila, a pehea hoʻi e lilo ai i lilo i mea kipa pinepine ʻole o kēia keʻena.
Ke noiʻi noiʻi
Inā paʻa ʻoe i kou hanu, hōʻike pono ʻia ka pancreas i ka wā he ultrasound, pono ʻoe e hana i kahi transverse, a laila he scan longitudinal. ʻO ka maʻamau, inā aia ke poʻo ma lalo o ka pahu o ka ʻū o ka ate, a me ka huelo a me ke kino ma lalo o ka limu hema a me ka ʻōpū.
I ke aʻo ʻana i ka papa kuhikuhi, ua hoʻokū ʻia ka hoʻonohonoho mua ʻana mai ka ʻaoʻao hema a hema, mai lalo a lalo, a laila huli hoʻi i ka palena o ka huelo a me ke kino. Aia ka poʻo o ka pancreas ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka ʻuʻuku, ke kau ma luna o ke poʻo, a ʻo ke kino a me ka huelo ma ka ʻaoʻao hema. Ma ke kalaka hele nui, he luli a i ʻole ka ʻāpana o ke poʻo, ua wehewehe ʻia ke kino a me ka ʻili e like me ka pouli o ka ʻano cylindrical.
ʻIke wale ʻia ka papa pancreatic maʻa wale ʻia, ma ke anawaena ʻoi aku ia ma mua o 1 milimita. ʻO ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ke ʻano a me ka nui o ka mea maʻi i mea nui i ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana i nā maʻi like ʻole, ʻoi mua ke ʻano o nā ʻōpū, cysts, a me ka pancreatitis maʻi.
ʻO kahi ala nui ka ʻike diagnostic mea hoʻohālikelike tomography, e kōkua ana:
- ʻike i ke ʻano o ka pancreas;
- loiloi i nā loli loli morpho;
- e hana kahi maʻi.
ʻO nā hōʻailona e hiki ai i ka hoʻokumu pono i ka nui o ke kino a me kāna ratio me ke koena o nā ʻāpana o ke kino i ka puka ʻana o ka vinal pedicle o ka spleen, maikaʻi a mesenteric artery.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka pancreas i ka wā ʻōpiopio he homogeneous, i ka poʻe elemakule, hoʻemi ʻia ke kino i ka nui, ʻokoʻa nā lobed like ʻole. ʻO ka noʻonoʻo maikaʻi maikaʻi o ka kelepona e ʻae i ka huakaʻi retroperitoneal, e kaupalena ʻia.
Lawe ʻia ke kahe koko e nā lālā he nui, ke kahe nei ke koko i loko o ka waihona vein, lymph e kahe ana i loko o nā pancreas, gastro-splenic lymph nodes. ʻO ka hana o loko o ka ʻai ka mea paʻakikī, hiki ke hoʻokau ʻia mai kekahi mau kumu kumu: ʻo ka maʻi hepatic, ʻōpū, ka mesenteric a me nā plexuses o nā leʻaleʻa splenic, nā lālā o ka nerve vagus. Mai ia lākou, nā trunks o nā nerve, komo nā moku koko i ka parenchyma, hoʻopiʻi i nā plexuses a puni lākou.
Pehea e wehewehe ai i nā maʻi pancreatic i wehewehe ʻia i ke wikiō ma kēia ʻatikala.
