Ma ke ʻano 1 diabetes mellitus, loaʻa nā pilikia i ka ʻōnaehana endocrine. Hōʻike ʻia kēia kūlana me ka nele o ka insulin, ʻaʻole ia i hana ʻia e ka pancreas i ka nui o ka pono. ʻO ka hopena, piʻi ka kō o ke koko o ka mea maʻi, ʻo ia ke kumu e lohi koke ai i ka paona a kūhelena mau ʻia.
Minamina, ʻaʻohe pono ka maʻi, no laila ke hoʻohālikelike nei i ka maʻi diabetes, pono pono kekahi kanaka i nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā no ke ola. ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka kukuna o ka glucose i ke koko a hāʻawi iā ʻoe e mālama i kahi kūlana olakino maikaʻi.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻoiai ka liʻiliʻi o ka glucose o ka glucose ma mua o ka mea maʻamau, e loaʻa mau ana kahi pōʻino ma ka ʻōnaehana vascular. A ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻole o ke koko hoʻoweliweli, ʻaʻole loaʻa i nā ʻāpana kino kū i nā mea a lākou e pono ai no ka hana pono.
Akā me ka mālama kūpono a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā ʻōlelo lapaʻau āpau, ākea ka nui o ke ola. Wahi a nā helu helu, ʻoi aku ma mua o kanakolu makahiki.
Nā kumu kumu a me nā hopena paʻakikī
ʻO ka maʻi diabetes hilinaʻi i nā maʻi autoimmune e hoʻomau mau nei. ʻO kā lākou kikoʻī maʻamau, ʻo nā cell beta e kuleana ana i ka hoʻouluʻana o ka insulin e pau koke ʻia e nā kahu palekana o ke kino.
I kēia lā ʻaʻole paʻa kēia i ka mea maoli e hana pololei ai. ʻO nā kumu kūpono paha nā maʻi i hiki ke hoʻomake i ka maʻi ma ka poʻe me ka predisposition genetic.
ʻO nā ʻano pilikia kūikawā:
- pūpū ʻōpala coxsackie;
- lālā kāne
- pūpū.
Akā i ka hapanui o nā manawa, maʻi maʻamau ka maʻi diabetes 1 ma muli o nā kumu genetic. No laila, ua ʻike nā ʻepekema i he 18 mau wahi genetic. No ka mea like, ʻo IDDM1 kahi wahi e loaʻa ai nā gen HLA i hoʻopuni ai i nā protin e ʻoki i ka mahele o ka pūnao. Hoʻopilikia hoʻi ʻo Genes mai kēia wahi i ka pane ʻana mai.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hopena o ka hoʻoilina i ka maʻi diabetes-paulele, inā he maʻi ka hoahānau pili me kēia maʻi, ua haʻahaʻa loa (e pili ana i 10%). A ʻo kekahi, hele pinepine ka pathology ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka paternal.
ʻO ke kaumaha mau loa, ka luhi, ka inu ʻona, ka hele ʻana o nā necrosis pancreatic maʻi a me ka pancreatitis e alakaʻi ana hoʻi i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hōʻino ʻana i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā mea inu maikaʻi ʻole, e hoʻopiʻi nei i ka lawa ʻana o ka hana o ka insulin. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ka nui o nā huapalapala wikiwiki, e komo me ke kāleka a me ka palaoa, e hoʻopalapula ana i ka lipid a me ka metabolism, kahi e hoʻopilikia ai i ka hana o ke pancreas.
ʻO nā mea pilikia e hāpai i ka insulin dependence e loaʻa:
- hānau hānau;
- maʻi kūlohelohe;
- preeclampsia - kahi hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka hapai;
- sclerosis lehulehu;
- ʻO ka thyroiditis Hashimoto;
- ʻO nā maʻi ʻeha.
Nā kiʻi haukapila
ʻO ka hōʻailona mua o ka maʻi type 1 ka mea ʻokiʻoki i ka momona kaumaha ma muli o ka momona maikaʻi. Eia kekahi, wikiwiki ka luhi i ka maʻi, e hoʻoluhi a luhi a makemake mau i ka hiamoe, a ua ʻeha pū ʻo ia i ka makewai ikaika.
Nui ka poʻe maʻi i ka manaʻo o ka pōloli, i hui pū ʻia me ka kahe o ke koko, wili i ka ʻili, ke ʻano o kahi kulu maloʻo a me ka tachycardia. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine nā maʻi Diemics i ka palupalu o ke kino a me ka huhū nānā ʻana i ko lākou mau manamana lima.
ʻO ka hōʻailona nui o ka maʻi i ka wahine, ʻo ia ka hiki ʻana a me ke kālai ʻia ʻole o ka ʻōpala o waho a me ka perineum. Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka glucose i loko o ka wai. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ma hope o ka urination, hāʻule i ka urine i loaʻa ke kō i ke kala ma luna o nā membrane mucous, ma muli o ka huhū nui.
I nā kāne, kahi hōʻailona alakaʻi o ka maʻi ka erectile dysfunction a me ka maikaʻi potency. ʻO ka pilikia o ka maʻi he ala i ʻole a ʻole i hoʻolohe ka mea maʻi i nā mea hōʻike liʻiliʻi o nā patology
ʻO nā hōʻailona nō hoʻi o ka maʻi maʻamau o ka maʻi type 1 ka lōʻihi o ka hōʻeha ʻana a me nā huki.
Ma ka manawa like, hana pinepine ʻia nā pohā a me nā ʻōpala i nā mea maʻi he nui, nāwaliwali loa ko lākou pale ola, ma muli o ko lākou manaʻo ka nāwaliwali mau a pinepine i ke anuanu.
Nā hopena ʻeha o ka maʻi maʻi: hypoglycemia a me hyperglycemia
Makemake nui ka poʻe nui e ʻike i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana o ka maʻi type o ka maʻi type 1. Me kēia maʻi, ka glucose, ka hana e komo i loko o nā momona a me nā māhā a hoʻolako iā lākou me ka ikaika, e noho mau ana i ke koko.
Inā hoʻohaʻamaʻa ka nui o ke kō, me ka piʻi ʻole o ka ikaika, a laila hoʻomaka ka waiho ʻana i nā ʻāpana a hoʻopiha i nā moku, e ʻānai ana i ko lākou mau paia. Hoʻopilikia pū kekahi i ka hana o nā huelo i hāʻawi ʻia me ke koko. No laila, ke kū nei nā hoʻopiʻi me ka maʻi type 1, i ka wā i nele ai ke kino i ka insulin.
Inā ʻaʻole e uku ʻia ka hemahema o ka hormone e nā ʻenehana kūlohelohe, e ulu koke ka hopena. A e hōʻemi nui kēia i ke ola o kahi kanaka.
ʻOi mai ka hoʻonāukiuki huelo ma muli o kahi hoʻohuli nui a hoʻonui paha i ka glucose koko. Ua māhelehele ʻia lākou i ʻelua ʻano:
- piko comog hypoglycemic (haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa);
- maʻiʻo hyperglycemic (kiʻekiʻe glucose).
Hoʻopilikia pinepine ka hypoglycemia ma muli o kahi overdose o ka insulin a i ʻole nā mea maʻi i nalowale i kahiʻai ma hope o ka hoʻokele ʻana o ka hormone. Eia kekahi mea hele like ka coma ma muli o ka hana kino kino, e komo pū ai.
Eia kekahi, hiki ke hypoglycemia ma hope o ke inu me nā lāʻau lapaʻau. Ke ulu nei kekahi ʻano hanana ma muli o ka lawe ʻana i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau (tetracyclines, beta-blockers, fluoroquinolones, lithium, calcium, vitamin B 12, salicylic acid). Eia kekahi, i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi, hiki i ka nui o ka hōʻemi o ka nui o ka hoʻoliʻi o ka glucose e piʻi me ka exacerbation o ka hepatosis maʻi a hepatitis hoʻi, ka hapai, a me ka hopena o nā maʻi o nā palaka a me nā kelepaʻi adrenal.
Ke hele nei ka hypoglycemia, he mea nui loa e lawe i nā kaola wikiwiki i loko o 20 mau minuke (ʻoi ke kuki a momona ke kīwaha). Ma hope o nā mea āpau, hiki i ka hōʻemi ke alakaʻi i kahi make o ka cortex cerebral. No laila, he mea nui e ʻike e pili ana i nā hōʻailona e hōʻailona ana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kahi coma.
- ʻaʻano o ka ʻili;
- he puu uhau;
- Lailele o na lehelehe;
- huki me ka maʻa;
- miki aū ka mea;
- pololi
- nā lima haʻalulu.
Inā e hāʻule ana ka hāʻule nui o ka hilo i ka pō, a laila hoʻomaka kahi kanaka i nā pō. Ma waho o ka hoʻohana pākuhi wikiwiki, hiki i ka mea maʻi ke hāʻule i loko o kahi piko.
I ka lua o ka hana o ka hypoglycemia, ʻo nā hōʻailona e like me ka hōʻeha a i ka lethargy koʻikoʻi paha, ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana o nā pūnāwai, ʻike ʻike ʻelua a ʻike ʻia, piʻi nui ka naʻau a hoʻonui i ka ulu ʻana o ka naʻau. He pōkole loa ka lōʻihi o ke ana, a ma kēia hihia ke komo i ke kō a me nā hanu i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, no ka mea e hoʻomaka ai ka mea maʻi e hoʻomaʻamaʻa, no laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hāʻawi iā ia i kahi ʻono maikaʻi.
ʻO nā hōʻailona lohi o ka hypoglycemia e loaʻa i ke ʻano o nā kuʻalāʻau, ka ʻaʻī ʻana o ka ʻili, nā uhi i ka pulu ʻihi, a me ka nalowale o ka ʻike. I kēia kūlana, pono e kāhea i kahi ambulance a no ka haʻi ʻana o ke kauka i kahi maʻi glucose i loaʻa (40%). Inā ʻaʻole i hāʻawi ʻia ka kōkua i ka 2 mau hola e hiki mai ana, he hanana utuka pōkole e hiki mai.
ʻO kahi pale maikaʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka comog hypoglycemic com. Akā ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i nā papa, pono ʻoe e hoʻonui i ka nui maʻamau o nā mea laʻa e ka 1-2 XE, pono nō ʻoe e hana i kēia ma hope o kahi papa hana.
No ka ʻaina awakea, e ʻōlelo ʻia e ʻai i nā meaʻai a ka protein. E hoʻohuli mālie ia i ka glucose, kahi e ʻae ai ka mea maʻi i ka hiamoe maluhia i ka pō āpau.
Hoʻomaʻo ʻia nō hoʻi e haʻalele i ka waiʻona. ʻAʻole pono ka lōʻihi o ka wai ʻona o kēlā me kēia lā no 75 mau kekona.
ʻO kekahi hoʻopiʻi hoʻonāukiuki nui o ka diabetes-hilinaʻi i ka maʻi hyperglycemic coma, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻekolu mau ʻano:
- ketoacidotic;
- lactate acidotic;
- hipolelmia.
Kūkū ʻia ia mau ʻano hana me ka hoʻonaʻu kiʻekiʻe o ke kō i loko o ke koko. Hoʻopau ʻia kā lākou mālama i nā kūlana paʻa.
ʻO kahi hopena maʻamau o ka maʻi pākēnē type 1 ke ketoacidosis. Hoʻolālā ia inā ʻaʻole i hahai pono nā lula o ka insulin, e pili ana i ke kua o nā lāʻau infectious a me nā lāʻau a me ka maʻi hou ʻana o nā maʻi maʻi. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā hōʻeha, nā hōʻeha, ka puʻuwai puʻuwai, sepsis, pīhoihoi a me ke komo ʻana i hoʻolālā ʻole ʻia ʻaʻole hiki ke kōkua i kēia kūlana.
Ketoacidosis e kūʻē i ke kua o nā pilikia o ke kaohi o ka mololi, ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma muli o ka nele o ka insulin.
I ka manawa like, ua hoʻonui ka pae o nā kino ketone a me ka glucose i loko o ke koko. I ka hala ʻole o ka hāʻawi manawa kūpono, loaʻa kekahi kohu ketoacidotic.
Hoʻopilikia kēia kūlana i ka hana o ka puʻuwai, ka noʻonoʻo, nā ʻōpū, nā ʻōpū a me ka ʻōpū. Aia he 4 mau makahiki o ka ketoacidosis, i hele pū ʻia e kekahi mau hōʻailona:
- Ketosis - ka hoʻomaloʻo o ka ʻili a me nā membrane mucous, makewai, nā makewai, malaise, hōʻea, kaʻai ʻilihune a hoʻonui hou i ka urination.
- Ketoacidosis - hoʻoheheʻe, ʻāhī o ka acetone mai ka waha, palpitations, hoʻemi i ke koko, hoʻouluʻi, hoʻoneʻe i ka urine.
- ʻO Precoma - ka puluʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, kahi hoʻololi i ke kahe ʻana o ka hanu, ka ʻeha ma ka ʻōpū, ka hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo i nā ʻālana.
- Coma - ʻoi aku ka hanu, hoʻopau ʻana i ka ʻili, pau ka ʻike, ka ʻono o ka acetone i loko o ka waha.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka mālama ʻana o ke ketoacidotic coma no ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka hapa ʻole o ka insulin, ma o ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o kāna microdoses i loko o ka vein. Eia kekahi, e hoʻi i ka wai, hiki ke mālamaʻia ka mea maʻi i ka intons.
ʻO ka Hyperosmolar me ka lactic acidotic coma e ulu pinepine me ka lua o ke ʻano maʻi mellitus.
ʻO nā hopena hoʻonā
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine ka papa o ka maʻi diabetes i ka hana o nā keiki maʻi. Māhina kēia mau ʻāpana i 6 l o ke koko ma waena o lākou i kēlā me kēia lā.
ʻO ka nui o nā wai inu inu e alakaʻi i ka kaumaha nui o nā keiki. Eia kekahi, hōʻiliʻili lākou i ka nui o ke kō.
Inā he kiʻekiʻe aʻe ka ʻike o ka glucose i ke koko ma mua o 10 mmol / l, kāpae nā mea i hana i ka hana kānana a me ka kō o ke kō i komo i ka urine. Hōʻiliʻili ka wai paʻakai ma ka pale ʻana, e lilo i kahi ʻoi maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā microbes pathogenic. A ʻo kahi hopena, loaʻa kahi hana maʻi i loko o nā keiki e hāpai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka nephritis a me ka nephropathy maʻi maʻi, ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e ka renal maikaʻi ʻole, kahi māhina o ka protein i ka urine, a me kahi keʻakeʻa i ka kānana koko.
I mea e pale ai i nā pilikia o ka pēpē, he mea nui ia e kiaʻi mau i ke kō koko a me ke kaʻe koko. Me ka albuminuria, hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia nā lāʻau mai nā ARB a me nā hui ACE.
Inā hele ka maʻi o ke keiki, pono e hahai ʻia kahi papa liʻiliʻi haʻahaʻa. Eia nō naʻe, ma ka hana hope o ka pilikia ʻole, pono e koi ʻia ka nui o ka palaka, no laila, pono e ʻae ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano me ke kauka.
Hoʻomo pinepine i ka maʻi diabetes mellitus 1, nā ʻōmaʻomaʻi o nā mea i piha, pili i ka hana o ka naʻau. ʻO ka hopena maʻamau ka mea maʻi maʻi coronary, me ka hōʻeha ʻana i ka naʻau, angina pectoris, a me ka arrhythmia. Hoʻokomo kēia mau hoʻopiʻi a pau i ka pololi oxygen, a inā pani ʻia o nā moku, make aku ʻo myocardium.
ʻO ka pōʻino o ka puʻuwai ʻeha no ka maʻi maʻi maʻa ʻole i hiki ʻole ke hele pū ʻia e nā maʻi maʻi, no ka mea, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka ʻike o ka ʻōpū o ka puʻuwai.
Hoʻoulu ka hapa nui o nā ʻōhumu e pili ana i ka wā o ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka palupalu o nā moku koko. No laila, me ka nalowale o kahi moku nui i ka puʻuwai, e kū kekahi. A hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano o ka "maʻi maʻi maʻi" i ka hana myocardial impaired a me ka nui o ka nui o ke kino.
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia e hiki i nā mea maʻi me ka piʻi mua o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā maʻi cardiovascular e lawe i ka Aspirin i ka nui o ka 65-160 mg i kēlā me kēia lā e like me kahi mea pale. Eia nō naʻe, he nui nā hopena maikaʻi o kēia lāʻau lapaʻau, no laila e pono ke ʻae ʻia ka mālama ʻana me ke kauka.
ʻO kekahi hopena hou aʻe o ka maʻi kāpili i ka insulin e mālama ai i ka retinopathy.
I ka wā e pohā ai ka ʻōnaehana vascular o ka maka, e ʻōholo ana ka ʻike, ma muli o ke ʻano glaucoma, ua makapō ka makapō a me ka cataract.
Ke kahe a ke kahe koko, kū ʻia ka hemorrhage i ke kaʻe. ʻAno pinepine, maʻi pākia ke hoʻohālikelike, a make kekahi manawa. ʻO ke alakaʻi alakaʻi no ka retinopathy a me ka maʻi diabetes ophthalmopathy ka hana ʻoi ʻoi laser.
Hoʻomaʻa pinepine pinepine nā mea i ke kō hānai kiʻekiʻe ma ka mea e nalowale ana ka hopena o ka nerve, ua ʻike ʻia kēia i ka umauma. Ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻano maʻi me ka neuropathy diabetic.
I ka mālamaʻana o kēia hoʻopiʻi ʻana, hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau:
- nā mea antrianvulsants;
- analgesics narcotic;
- antidepressants;
- painkill kūloko.
Hiki i ke neuropathy ke alakaʻi i nā hopena he nui - ʻaʻole i kaohi ʻia me ka uhi ʻole i ka wīwī, lele i loko o ke koko. No laila, me ka paresis o ka ʻōpū, ua kuhikuhi ʻia ʻo Erythromycin a i Metoclopramide paha.
Hiki i kekahi mau lolo ke hilinaʻi i ka maʻi diabetes e hoʻomohala i nā pilikia o ka niho. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, lawa ka lawa o ke koko e alakaʻi ai i nā kaʻina hana i ke ana o ka waha. No laila, ʻikea a caries, periodontitis a i ʻole gingivitis. Pono e ka dentist e hoʻoponopono me nā hopena.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā maʻi me ka maʻi diabetes type 1 e loaʻa ana i ka maʻi diabetes a i ʻole ka maʻi wāwae o Charcot, e hele pū ana nō hoʻi ma muli o ke kahe koko. Hōʻike kēia ʻano i ka rashes ma nā wāwae (e like me ke kiʻi), nāwaliwali o nā hoala ʻana, hoʻemi ʻia ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea hoʻonāukiuki, nā luku ʻana o nā io a me nā iwi o ka wāwae.
Loaʻa ʻole ka mālama ʻana i ka wāwae maʻi maʻi e hōʻeha ai i ka ʻōpū. No laila, ke paleʻana i nā hoʻopiʻi o nā ʻano mellitus type 1 i ka mālama pono ʻana i ka wāwae wāwae.
- nā lā hōʻike maʻamau o nā wāwae;
- ka holoi ʻana i nā wāwae 2 i ka lā;
- hoʻohana mau o ka moisturizer;
- lole ana kāmaʻa;
- ka hōʻole ʻana i nā pale a me nā mākaʻi e piʻi i ka wāwae.
ʻO ka insulin, kahi i hoʻoili ʻole i ka maʻi maʻi type 1, pili i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka wai ʻōpū, ma muli o kona hōʻemi ʻana i kona hapa. I ka hopena, hiki i ka gastritis, ke kuapo, a me ka dysbiosis ke ulu. I kēia hihia, pono ʻoe e hoʻopili i kahi gastroenterologist nāna e kuhikuhi i nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka hoʻowalewale ʻana.
Me ka lawa ʻole o ke koko, hiki i ka huhū o nā ʻōpū ke paʻa. ʻO kēia ke alakaʻi i ke ʻano o kahi crunch i ka manawa lōkole, ke kaumaha a me ka holo palena wale. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, ka make wai a me ka urination pinepine ʻana i nā kumu no ka ʻoni o ka calcium mai ka iwi ʻeha, e hoʻoulu ana i ka osteoporosis.
No ka hōʻemiʻana i ka hopena o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana mai ka mellitus type 2, pono ia e alakaʻi i kahi ola olakino a ola hoʻi, mālama i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi a ma ka manawa e pale ai i ke kaumaha. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā meaʻai e loaʻa i nā preservatives a me nā mea hoʻohui kūlohelohe e lawe aku i kaʻai.
I loko o ke wikiō ma kēia ʻatikala, noi ʻia kahi mea ʻai no nā maʻi maʻi kūlike i ka insulin, e kōkua ana i ka mālama ʻana i ke kōpaʻa koko koko a e pale i nā hōʻeha maikaʻi ʻole mai nā maʻi.