Pehea e hoʻohana ai i ka lāʻau lisinopril-ratiopharm?

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Lisinopril Ratiopharm i ka hopena vasodilating ma muli o ka hana o ka like o ka hoʻopalike ʻana o ka angiotensin II. Ma muli o ka hoʻokō ʻana i kahi hopena therapeutic, ua ʻike ʻia kahi hopena maikaʻi o ka lāʻau ma nā pūnaewele ischemic tissue. Hāʻawi ka lāʻau lapaʻau iā ʻoe e hoʻomake i ke kūpaʻa o ka votone endothelium a me ka me ka cardiac i hoʻonui ʻia i nā ukana i ka wā e hoʻomohala ai i ka hypertension arterial. No laila, hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau e nā cardiologists e mālama i ke koko kiʻekiʻe, hōʻehaʻeha o ka naʻau a me ka puʻuwai ʻole.

Inoa Kūʻai ʻole honua

Lisinopril.

Hāʻawi ka lāʻau lapaʻau iā ʻoe e hoʻomake i ke kūpaʻa o ka votone endothelium a me ka me ka cardiac i hoʻonui ʻia i nā ukana i ka wā e hoʻomohala ai i ka hypertension arterial.

ATX

C09AA03.

E hoʻokuʻu i nā palapala a me ka ʻano

Loaʻa ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ke ʻano o nā papa no ka hoʻohana waha.

Nā Palaki

Wahi a ka dosage o ka mea hana - lisinopril, ua ʻokoʻa nā papa i loko o ka ikaika kala:

  • 5 mg ka keʻokeʻo;
  • 10 mg - mālamalama kukui;
  • 20 mg - kakū.

E hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā hiʻohiʻona pharmacokinetics, loaʻa i ka kī papaʻaina nā māhele ʻē aʻe:

  • magnesium stearate;
  • kalekika hydrogen phosphate;
  • kōpī pregelatinized;
  • mannitol;
  • kahi sodium a ʻaihoe.

ʻAukā

ʻAʻohe mea hana.

Ka hana lāʻau lapaʻau

Hoʻopili ʻo Lisinopril i ka hana hana o ka angiotensin e hoʻohuli ana i ka enzyme (ACE). A kahi hopena, hoʻemi ka pae o ka angiotensin II, e hōʻiliʻili i ka lumen o ka moku a hōʻemi i ke ʻano o ka aldosterone. ʻO ka hoʻohui pū ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau ikaika e pale ai i ka wāwahi o bradykinin, kahi maʻi peptide me kahi hopena vasopressor.

Hoʻololi ʻo Lisinopril i ka pae o ka angiotensin II, kahi e hoʻopuka ai ka lumen o ka moku.

E kū'ē i ke kua o ke vasodilation, aia ka emi ʻana o ke kaomi koko, ke kū'ē i nā moku peripheral. Hoʻemi ʻia ka ukana ma ka myocardium. Me ka hoʻohana mau ʻana o Lisinopril, ka pale ʻana o ka viva endothelium a me ka puʻuwai cardiac i ka nui o nā ukana, e hoʻonui ai i ka holo ʻana o ka microcirculatory ma nā wahi me ischemia. Ke kōkua nei ka lāʻau lapaʻau e hōʻemi i ka hopena o ka hoʻolālāʻana i ka hemahema ventricular hema.

Lapaʻau lāʻau

Ke lawe waha ʻia, hiki i ka pae plasma lisinopril i hōʻea i kona manawa nui ma hope o nā hola 6-7. ʻO ka ʻai o ka ʻai, ʻaʻole ia e pili i ka hoʻopili ʻana a me ka bioavailability o ka mea ikaika. Lisinopril, i ka wā e komo ai i ke kahe wai, ʻaʻole hana i kahi mea paʻakikī me ka protein o ka plasma a ʻaʻole ia e hele i ka loli i loko o nā puʻuwai o ke ake. No laila, haʻalele ka mea hana i ke kino ma o nā keiki me ke kumu kumu. ʻO ka hoʻopau hapa-hapalua ke ola i ka hola 12,6.

Nā hōʻailona no ka hoʻohana ʻana

Hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka hana lapaʻau e mālama ai:

  • pilikia paʻa ʻole me ka hapa hema o ka eelection ventricular haʻahaʻa ma lalo o 30%;
  • ke koko kiʻekiʻe;
  • kaʻeha myocardial infarction i nā poʻe maʻi me ka pani ʻole ʻole.

Nā Hoʻohui

ʻAʻole pāpā ʻia ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau i loko o kēia mau hihia.

  • ka holomua ʻana o kēlā me nā ʻili i nā ʻano kaila o ka lāʻau;
  • stenosis o nā ʻāpana o ke keiki;
  • nā mea maʻi me nā maʻi o ka pūpū me ka hana hoʻopihapiha ma lalo o 30 ml / min;
  • stenosis valve mitral a aorta;
  • nā kahe koko systolic o 100 mm Hg a haʻahaʻa;
  • nā hemodynamics paʻa ʻole e kū'ē aʻe i kahiʻaoʻao o kahi ʻano aʻeha o ka puʻuwai puʻuwai;
  • hāpai a wahine a lactating;
  • huki;
  • Hoʻoulu hou ʻia ma hope o kahi hoʻololi ʻana i kahi keiki.
Hōʻike ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau no nā ʻano paʻakikī o ka hana ʻole o ka naʻau.
Hōʻike ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ke koko kiʻekiʻe.
Hoʻopilikia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma ka hihia o kēlā pilikino ʻole i nā māhele o ka lāʻau.
Me ka akahele, pono e lawe i ka poʻe i ka lāʻau ma hope o ka 70 mau makahiki.
Me ka mālama aka, pono ʻoe e lawe i ka lāʻau lapaʻau no nā poʻe me ka maʻi ʻōpū.

Me ka mālama pono

Aine ʻia e hoʻomāleo i ka lāʻau lapaʻau i loko o nā kūlana i waiho ʻia ma lalo o ka mākaʻikaʻi koʻikoʻi o ke kauka i nā mea i hala iho nei:

  • hypovolemia;
  • sima wai haʻahaʻa ma mua o 130 mmol / l;
  • nā koko haʻahaʻa (BP);
  • ka hoʻokele ʻana i ka diuretics, ʻoi paha ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe;
  • paʻa ʻole ka naʻau ʻole;
  • maʻi pūpū
  • therapy maʻi vasodilator kiʻekiʻe;
  • nā mea maʻi ma mua o 70 mau makahiki.

Pehea e lawe ai i ka ratiopharm lisinopril?

ʻO 6 mau lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka lapaʻau. ʻO ka maʻi me ka puʻuwai naʻau e lawe iā Lisinopril ma kahi hoʻomau. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hui ʻana me Nitroglycerin.

I ke ʻano o ka uʻi aʻu e lawe ai?

Ua kuhikuhi ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau no nā mea maʻi me nā koina koko kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 120/80 mm RT. ʻAniā. Ma ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka systole - liʻiliʻi ma mua o 120 mm RT. ʻAniā. ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka mālama ʻana me kahi ACE inhibitor a i ʻole ma mua o nā lā 3 o ka hōʻola, pono wale no 2.5 mg o ka lāʻau. Inā ʻaʻole ka lōʻihi o ka systolic hōʻailona ma mua o 60 maumona i luna o 90 mm Hg. Art., Pono hōʻole ʻoe e lawe i ka paila.

Lawe i ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka maʻi maʻi maʻi

ʻAʻole koi ʻo Diabetes mellitus i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o ka nui o ka noho ʻana o kahi inhibitor ACE.

Nā Kūlana Hypertension

ʻO nā maʻi me ke koko koko kiʻekiʻe e lawe i ka 5 mg o ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ke kakahiaka no 3 mau pule. Me kahi pae maikaʻi o ka hoʻomanawanui, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻonui i kēlā me kēia lā i ka 10-20 mg o ka lāʻau. ʻO ka palena ma waena o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka dosage he liʻiliʻi ma kahi o 21 mau lā. ʻO ka helu ʻokoʻa loa i kēlā me kēia lā he 40 mg o ka lāʻau. Pono e lawe ʻia i nā papa he hoʻokahi i ka lā.

ʻAʻole koi ʻo Diabetes mellitus i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o ka nui o ka noho ʻana o kahi inhibitor ACE.

Haki puʻuwai paʻa ʻole

ʻO ka poʻe maʻi me ka puʻuwai pu ʻole e lawe i ka lāʻau i ka manawa like me ka diuretics Digitalis. No laila, ʻo ka hopena ma ka pae mua o ka mālamaʻana he 2.5 mg i ke kakahiaka. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka dosage mālama me ka hoʻonui hou ʻana o 2.5 mg i nā lā he 2-4 mau pule. ʻO ka dosage maʻamau mai 5 a 20 mg, e kau ana i ke pae o ka hoʻomaloka no hoʻokahi mau pāʻina i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻO ka palena kiʻekiʻe he 35 mg.

Acokocococococe neume huahi

Kau ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i loko o ke ao mai ka manawa mai i ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona mua o ka hōʻeha puʻuwai naʻau. ʻAe ʻia ka lawena inā paʻa nā keiki a ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ka systolic ma mua o 100 mm Hg. ʻAniā. Hoʻohui ʻia ʻo Lisinopril me nā lāʻau thrombolytic, beta-adrenergic blockers, nitrates a me nā hoʻokaʻawale i ke koko. ʻO ka dosis mua he 5 mg ma hope o 24 mau hola me kahi kūlana paʻa o ka mea maʻi, hoʻonui ka nui i ka ʻaha loa - 10 mg.

Nā hopena hopena

Loaʻa ʻia nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole ma muli o ke ʻano kūpono ʻole a i ʻole ka hoʻoliʻahi kū ʻana o nā mea maʻi i nā mea o ka lāʻau.

ʻŌpala Gastrointestinal

Hōʻike ʻia ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma ka ʻōnaehana hana.

  • constipation, huehue;
  • hoʻōla kīwī;
  • lilo ka momona
  • loli ma ka ʻono;
  • jaundice cholestatic, hoʻonāukiuki e ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hyperbilirubinemia.
Hiki i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ke hana i ka constipation.
Hiki i ka lāʻau ke hōʻeha i ka makemake nui.
Hiki i ka lāʻau ke hōʻeha i nā pōkole.
Ma hope o ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻike ʻia nā dizziness.

Hematopoietic mau hui

Hōʻike ka ʻolioli hemolytic i nā maʻi me ka glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Me ka pale ʻana o ka hematopoiesis pumehana o ka iwi, ua hōʻemi ʻia ka nui o nā pili koko.

Pūnaehana pīhoihoi waena

ʻO nā ʻano hoʻohālikelike o ka peripheral a me ke kikowaena kūwili o ke ʻano neia e like me ke ʻano hiki o nā:

  • nā kuʻi;
  • luhi;
  • ʻʻAla
  • nalowale o ka ʻenemi a me ka kaulike ma ka pae;
  • kani ana i na pepeiao;
  • hilahila a me ka nalowale o ka ike;
  • paresthesia;
  • nā wahī pilipila;
  • nalowale o ke kalepona ʻana i ke ʻano;
  • polyneuropathy.

Hiki i ke lāʻau lapaʻau ke hōʻeha i nā ʻehaʻeha.

Mai ka papa huhū

I kekahi mau hihia, aia kahi ʻehaʻeha a me ka hiʻohiʻona o kahi pā maloʻo maloʻo.

Ma ka ʻāpana o ka ʻili a me ke kiko

I kekahi mau hihia, hiki ke hoʻomohala i ka urticaria, rashes, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, erythema, hoʻonui ʻia photosensitivity, exacerbation of psoriasis. Hiki i ka lauoho i hāʻule i ke poʻo.

Mai ka pūnaehana cardiovascular

Aia ka hopena o ka hoʻomohalaʻana i ka hypotension orthostatic a me ka bradycardia, nā manaʻo o ka wela.

Ma ka ʻāpana o ka pūpū a me ka ʻōnaehana urogenital

Hiki i kahi maʻi renal function, exacerbation o renal failed, hoʻonui urination.

Mai ka ʻaoʻao o ka metabolism

I kekahi mau hihia, ulu ka hypernatremia a i ʻole hyperkalemia.

Nā ʻōlelo kikoʻī

Me ka hoʻohana like o lisinopril a me ka dialysis me ka lipoproteins haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, loaʻa kahi waihona o ka anaphylactic shock.

Me ka hoʻohana like o lisinopril a me ka dialysis me ka lipoproteins haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, loaʻa kahi waihona o ka anaphylactic shock.

I nā mea maʻi i hoʻomaka mua i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā mālamalama, hiki i ka angioedema. Inā nānā ʻia ka ʻōpū o ka maka a me nā lehelehe, pono e lawe i nā antihistamines. Me ka pale ʻana i nā alaloa o ka lewa i ke kua ʻana o ka ʻāʻī o ka lehelehe a me ka glottis, hoʻokūkū hōʻeha me ka hoʻonāukiuki koke ʻana a Epinephrine subcutaneously 0.5 mg a i 0.1 mg intravenously. Me ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka larynx, pono ia e nānā i ka electrocardiogram a me ke kahe koko.

Hoʻopilikia i ka hiki ke mālama i nā mīkini

I ka wā o ka mālama ʻana me Lisinopril, pono pono ke kāohi i nā mea waiwai o ke koko, no ka mea pili i nā ʻano kūʻokoʻa o nā maʻi, hiki i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hypotension arterial. Ma muli o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ke koko, hiki i ka hewa ke hiki ke hoʻokele i nā mīkini paʻakikī a hoʻokele i kahi kaʻa.

Hoʻohana i ka wā hāpai a me ka lactation

ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau e kuhikuhi ʻia i nā wahine hāpai ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻole o ka ʻike i ka hopena o nā pūhui kemika o ka ACE inhibitor ma ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hanana. I ka wā o nā noi preclinical, ua hōʻike ʻia ka hiki o ka mea ikaika e komo i ka pleka. I ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua o ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka pūpū, hiki i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ke hoʻonāukiuki i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka lehelehe lip.

Ke koho ʻana iā Lisinopril i ka wā o ka hoʻoulu ʻana, pono ʻoe e hōʻea i ka hānai ʻana i ka pēpē a hoʻoneʻe iā ia i ka meaʻai maʻamau me nā hui.

Kuhi ʻana iā Lisinopril Ratiopharm i nā keiki

Ua pāpā ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau no nā keiki a me nā ʻōpio i lalo o 18 makahiki o kona mau makahiki.

Ua pāpā ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau no nā keiki a me nā ʻōpio i lalo o 18 makahiki o kona mau makahiki.

Hoʻohana i ka wā kahiko

No nā poʻe maʻi maʻi, ua hoʻoponopono ʻia ka hoʻoponopono ʻia o ka dosage ma muli o ka cleince creatinine. Hoʻopili ʻia kēia hope e ka formula ʻo Cockroft:

No nā kāne(140 - makahiki) × kaupaona (kg) /0.814 × serum bun serin (μmol / L)
Wahine wahineUa hoʻonui ʻia ka hopena e 0.85.

Ke keu

ʻO ka hōʻole ʻia o ka lāʻau hiki ke hoʻowalewale i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā hōʻailona o ka overdose.

  • he hina nui i ke koko;
  • kūlohelohe cardiogenic;
  • nalowale o ka ike, mahuka;
  • brieociaia.

Pono e hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka mea maʻi i ka ʻāpana mālama mālama kino, kahi e mālama ai ka nui o ka serum o nā electrolytes a me ka creatinine. Inā ua lawe ʻia nā papa i loko o nā hola he 3-4 i hala iho nei, a laila pono e hāʻawi ʻia ka mea maʻi i ka lāʻau hoʻoneʻe, e holoi i ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū. Hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ka Lisinopril e ka hemodialysis.

Hoʻopili pū me nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe

Me ka hoʻokaʻawale laina o nā papa Lisinopril me nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe, ua ʻike ʻia nā hopena aʻe:

  1. ʻO ka maʻi ʻokiʻoki a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau non-steroidal e hoʻonui ai i ka hopena o ka hypotension.
  2. Hoʻonui ka Baclofen i ka hopena therapeutic o lisinopril. Ma muli o kēia, hiki i ka hoʻolālāʻana o ka hypotension arterial.
  3. Nā lāʻau antihypertensive, sympathomimetics, hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo Amifostin i ka hopena therapeutic o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ke alakaʻi nei i ka hiki ke hoʻomohala ʻia o ka hypotension arterial.
  4. Hoʻomākaukau kālā no ka anesthesia maʻamau, nā lāʻau hiamoe a me nā antipsychotics e alakaʻi i kahi kahe nui o ke koko.
  5. ʻO nā immunosuppressants, cytostatic a me nā mea kanu anticancer e hoʻonui i ka hopena o ka leukopenia.
  6. ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau hypoglycemic waha i nā hebedoma mua o ka lāʻau paʻakikī e hiki ke hoʻoikaika i ka hopena antihypertensive o ka lisinopril.
  7. Hoʻopau nā antacids i nā bioavailability o ka mea hana ikaika.

Hoʻonui ka Amifostine i ka hopena therapeutic o ka lāʻau, ke alakaʻi i ka hiki ke hoʻomohala ʻia o ka hypotension arterial.

ʻO Sodium chloride nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻonāwaliwali i ka hopena therapeutic o ka lāʻau a hoʻonāukiuki i ka ulu ʻana o nā hōʻailona o ka hana ʻole o ka naʻau.

Hoʻolaha ka waipuna

Hiki i ka inhibitor ACE ke hoʻonui i ka paʻi o ka ethyl alkohol i ka hepatocytes, nā io o ka cardiovascular a me nā ʻōnaehana. No laila, i ka wā o ka mālama antihypertensive, pono ʻoe e kāpae i ka laweʻana i ka waiʻona.

Nā kuʻina

Hoʻopili ʻia ke ʻano loiloi ma lalo o ka mākaʻi o ke kauka e hele nei i ka nalo ʻana o ka hopena antihypertensive pono me ka komo ʻana o kekahi o kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau:

  • Dapril;
  • Aurolyza;
  • Vitopril;
  • Diroton;
  • Zonixem;
  • Amapin-L;
  • Amlipin.
Lisinopril - kahi lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke koko
Hoʻolaha ka naʻau - nā hōʻailona a me ka mālama

ʻO nā kūlana hoʻomaha ʻo Lisinopril Ratiopharm mai nā lāʻau lapaʻau

Hiki ke kūʻai aku i nā peni ma ke kau ʻana.

Hiki iaʻu ke kūʻai me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka hōʻailona?

ʻO ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau me ke aʻo ʻole ʻana i nā kauka lapaʻau e hiki ke alakaʻi i kahi kahe o ke koko, hiki iā ia ke hoʻomohala i ka bradycardia, ka nalowale o ka ʻike, naʻau paʻakikī, coma, make. No ka palekana palekana, ʻaʻole i kūʻai ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma luna o ka counter-counter-counter.

Kūʻai

ʻO ka kumukūʻai maʻamau o ka lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i ka 250 rubles.

Ke waiho nei i nā kūlana no ka lāʻau lapaʻau

Mālama ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i kahi mahana ma lalo o + 25 ° C ma kahi wahi i kaawale mai ka hana a ka lā.

ʻO ka lā kau

ʻO 4 mau makahiki

Mea Hana Lisinopril Ratiopharm

Merkle GmbH, Kelemānia.

No ka ʻike ʻana iā Lisinopril Ratiopharm

Me ka mālama pono ʻana i nā ʻōlelo a nā poʻe loea, hiki ke loaʻa i ka hopena lāʻau lapaʻau pono.

Kauka

Anton Rozhdestvensky, urologist, Yekaterinburg

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi ka lāʻau lapaʻau e nā maʻi. E alakaʻi i ka kuhikuhi pono paʻa, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi ma mua o Diroton. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole wau e kuhikuhi i nā diuretics ikaika e like me ia. ʻAʻole pili ʻo Lisinopril i ka hana erectile. Pono e lawe ʻia nā papa i ke kakahiaka 1 i ka lā i kēlā lā. Mālama ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana no 24 mau hola.

Vitaliy Zafiraki, cardiologist, Vladivostok

ʻAʻole kūpono ia ka lāʻau no ka monotherapy. Ke kuhikuhi nei wau i nā poʻe maʻi i hui pū me ka diuretics haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Eia kekahi, i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana, pono ka nānā ʻana i ka kānana glomerular o ka maʻi. Ua hala aku nei ka lāʻau lapaʻau i nā hoʻokolohua kūpono e pono ai a ua ʻae ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana e nā maʻi me ke koko kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO Amlipin kahi hoʻohālike o ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

ʻO nā maʻi maʻi

ʻO Barbara Miloslavskaya, 25 makahiki, Irkutsk

Me kahi koho kūʻokoʻa o nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ke kaomi ʻana, ʻaʻohe mea nāna i kōkua. Hele wau i ka haukapila me ka maʻi maʻi, kahi lāʻau lapaʻau i kuhikuhi ʻia no ka hypertension. Ua hōʻike aku ke kauka ʻana i ka lāʻau me kēia papa no Lisinopril-Ratiopharm. Lawe wau iā 5 mau makahiki ma 10 mg i kēlā me kēia lā. Ua hoʻi mai ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka 140-150 / 90 mm Hg. ʻAniā. a aole i ala hou ia. Ua kūpono kēia BP iaʻu. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e lawe i ka pōkole, a laila i ke ahiahi, e piʻi aʻe ke kaumaha a pilikia nui kou olakino.

Immanuel Bondarenko, 36 makahiki, St.

Kauka ke kauka 5 mg o lisinopril i kēlā me kēia lā. Lawe au i ia kakahiaka aʻe e like me nā ʻōlelo aʻo i ka manawa like.Hoʻomaopopo ka haukapila ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia nā papa no ka hana wikiwiki. I hōʻiliʻili ʻia ka hopena therapeutic, a ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina i ko ʻole ke koʻikoʻi ma mua o 130-140 / 90 mm Hg. ʻAniā. I ka wā ma mua, 150-160 / 110 mmHg i nānā. ʻAniā. No laila, waiho aku i kahi loiloi maikaʻi ʻana, ʻaʻole au i ʻike i nā hopena ʻaoʻao.

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