Atherosclerosis i ko mākou manawa e pili ana i kahi helu lehulehu. Ma kona ʻano maoli, he maʻi maʻi ka atherosclerosis, ka hopena i hiki ke hoʻonāukiuki i nā kumu he nui.
I ka wā e hoʻomohala ai i nā kaʻina pathological, ua waiho ʻia nā pā poli atherosclerotic ma loko o nā moku, ʻoiai, ma ka manawa, e hoʻopili i ko lākou lumen a me ka nui a alakaʻi i ka maʻi pīhoihoi o nā hanana me nā pūnaehana pili.
He mea nui i kēlā me kēia kanaka ke ʻike i nā hōʻike mua o ka maʻi, ʻoiai inā he ʻano mua o ka pae ʻana o ka atherosclerosis.
He haʻahaʻa loa, hoʻonaninani ʻia ka maʻi maʻamau, a no laila e hōʻike pinepine ʻia ka maʻi ma nā hope hope.
He aha ke kumu o ka maʻi?
Hiki i ke atherosclerosis ma lalo o ke ʻano o nā mea etiological he nui. ʻO ke kumu maʻamau ke kumu o ka hui pū ʻana o kekahi mau ʻano.
Wahi a ka ʻike olakino hou, aia ʻekolu mau ʻano o nā mea iʻike i ke ola o ka maʻi. ʻO ka hui mua he mea i kapa ʻia ʻo nā mea e hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi, ʻo ka lua kahi i hoʻohele ʻia (a ʻoliʻoli), a ʻo ke kolu kekahi mea hoʻohui.
ʻO ka hui mua o nā kumu i pili i ke kaʻina o ka atherosclerosis ka mea penei:
- Predisposition genetic.
- ʻO nā makahiki o ke kanaka.
- ʻO kahi hui āpau.
- ʻO ka heleʻana o nā hana ʻino.
- ʻO ka hele pinepineʻana o ke koko kiʻekiʻe
ʻO ka hui ʻelua o nā kumu i loaʻa:
- nā hoʻonui nui kolesterol, lipids a me triglycerides;
- maʻi mellitus a me hyperglycemia;
- nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa lipoproteins kiʻekiʻe;
- ka heleʻana o ka metabolic syndrome.
ʻO ke kolu o ka hui ke komo pū me ka puʻuwai kino, ka manaʻo hoʻonaninani, ke hele ʻana o nā hana ʻino.
ʻO keʻano o nā mea hikiʻole ke hāʻawi aku i ka atherosclerosis
Predisposition genetic - ʻaʻole naʻe, ka nui o nā pilikia e pili ana i ka metabolism lauʻa lipid (fat) i hoʻoilina a hoʻokumu ʻia e kekahi mau hemahema i nā chromosomes. A no ka lilo ʻana o ka kolamu nui i ke kino kekahi o nā kumu alakaʻi o ka atherosclerosis, a laila ʻo ka heredity i kēia hihia kekahi o nā wahi mua.
ʻO ke kanaka o ke kanaka - ʻo nā kānaka he 40 a ʻoi aku paha e maʻalahi i ka maʻi. I ka hiki ʻana o kēia mau makahiki, hoʻomaka ka hoʻōla hou o ka hormonal i ke kino, hoʻomaka ko lākou ʻōnaehana vascular i kona ikaika a me ka elasticity, hoʻomaka pinepine nā pilikia me ka hoʻoneʻe a me ka metabolism;
He kāne kāne kāne - ua loaʻa nā kāne ma ka atherosclerosis aneʻi ʻehā mau manawa pinepine ma mua o nā wahine, a he 10 mau makahiki ma mua.
ʻO ka lūlū lōʻihi a me ka uahi pinepine - ʻo ka nikotine ka mea lohi e hoʻopilikia lohi i ke kino, e hōʻino ana i nā puna o ke ea a me nā ʻōnaehana cardiovascular. Aneane aneane aneane paa mai la ka poe palia āpau o bronchitis maʻi. A ʻo nā ipu, ma lalo o ka mana o ka nikotine e lilo ai lākou i mau ʻalapiha a kūpono ʻole, no ka mea, e kū wale ke kolamu i ka pā vascular a waiho ʻia i loko o ke ʻano o nā pākaukau.
ʻO ke hypertension he hoʻonui pinepine ke kahe o ke koko, pinepine ʻole me ke kumu kumu ʻole. I kēia hihia, kokoke kokoke nā moku i ka spasm. Hoʻopilikia mau ka luhi i ka lōʻihi o ke kīpē o ka wahī, a ke alakaʻi nei kēia i ka luku ʻana i kekahi hapa o nā myocytes (nā pulu lipoli lipina).
ʻAʻole hiki i nā ʻōhua ke pane wikiwiki i kahi neʻe a neʻe, a me nā molika lipid hiki ke maʻalahi maʻalahi e komo i kā lākou membrane a, e like me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia, nā pepa plaques.
ʻO keʻano o nā mea hoʻohuli i hoʻohuli
ʻO ka nui o ka kolamu, lipids a me triglycerides - hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia a me hypertriglyceridemia. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka hoʻonui nui ʻana o ka cholesterol lipoprotein haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi, he atherogenic.
ʻO ka maʻi diabetes mellitus a me hyperglycemia (ke koko koko nui) - nā maʻi maʻi āpau āpau e hoʻomohala i kekahi mau hoʻopiʻi koke ʻana paha. ʻO kēia mau mea he retinopathy diabetic (hōʻino nā lula), neuropathy (hōʻino i ka iwi), nephropathy (hōʻeha kino) a me ka angiopathy (hōʻino kaulike). Aia ma ka microangiopathy - hoʻopōʻino i nā moku liʻiliʻi, a me ka macroangiopathy - ke kiʻi ʻia ka moku nui. ʻO kēia mau mea āpau ma muli o ka hopena o ke kō ʻana o ke kō ma ke kīʻaha koko, ʻo ia ke kumu e hoʻopau iki ai lākou.
ʻO ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa lipoproteins kiʻekiʻe - ka pilina pili i kapa ʻia "maikaʻi" no ka mea ʻaʻole ia o ka ʻāpana o nā plake. No ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa piha, e koi ana ko lākou kiʻekiʻe a me nā hoʻokaʻawale haʻahaʻa o nā lipoproteins low density.
ʻO ka mahele metabolic kahi huaʻōlelo maʻamau no kekahi mau hōʻike. Hoʻopili kēia i ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū (ka hōʻiliʻili momona i loko o ka ʻōpū), i hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa glucose (ʻo ke ʻano wikiwiki), hoʻonui i ka triglycerides i loko o ke koko, a me ka hypertension arterial.
ʻO keʻano o nā mea hiki ke hoʻohuli
ʻO ka kolu o nā pūʻulu o ka ʻuala kāhea ʻia ka "hai." Ua holo piha lākou a hilinaʻi nui wale i kēlā mea iā ia iho, a hiki loa ke hoʻopau ʻia i mua o ko lākou ola.
Ke ʻano maʻalahi. No nā poʻe he nui, pili ka hana me nā kamepiula, hoʻopaʻa paʻa i nā hanana āpau, a me kēia mau mea a pau ma kahi keʻena piha. Kuhi ka hana i ka hana ākea o ke kino. Loaʻa koke paha nā kānaka i nā pauna hou aku, lilo i paʻakikī, hoʻonui ʻia paha ka ikaika, ʻo ia hoʻi, e hoʻopilikia i ka ʻōnaehana vascular.
ʻO ka overstrain o nā manaʻo - ke kaumaha kekahi o nā kumu predisposing no ka hypertension arterial. E like me ʻoe e ʻike ai, ʻoiai ke kau ʻia nei nā moku i ka spasm lōʻihi. I loko o kēia manawa, hana ka membrane o nā māla i ka microdamage. Hoʻopilikia kēia i nā mea ʻelua'ē aʻe o kā lākou membrane - ka mucosa a me ka serous. ʻOiai ka trauma liʻiliʻi i ka lāʻau kani ke lilo i ka puka i ke kolamu nui i ke kino.
Ka maʻi waihiko - Chyl alkohol e kona ʻano ma ke ʻano o nā mea ʻona. Ka hoʻohālike ʻo ia i ka maʻamau o nā kaʻina āpau o ka metabolic i loko o ke kino, hōʻike ʻia kēia i nā momona momona.
Hoʻopilikia ka pauna lipid i ke koko, a hoʻomaka ke kaʻina hana i nā pli atherosclerotic.
Pathanatomy a me nā pathophysilogy o ka atherosclerosis
ʻO nā ʻōnaehana āpau e hana i nā moku me ka atherosclerosis e aʻo ʻia ʻana e nā ʻepekema i kapa ʻia ka pathological anatomy (pathanatomy) a me ka pathology physiology (pathophysiology). Hōʻike lākou i ka pathogenesis piha o ka maʻi.
Hōʻino ka pale i ka paia o ka moku ma lalo o ka mana o kekahi mau ʻano o waho i kapa ʻia he hoʻololi. Ke alakaʻi nei ka hoʻololi i ka hana o ka lula o ka pā o ka wahī - ka ka hopena endothelium. Ma muli o ka hana endothelial, hoʻonui nui ʻia ka ulu vascular, ka hana ʻana o nā mea kūikawā e hōʻeuʻeu i ke kōpiko o ke koko a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka lumen o ka moku.
ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke ʻano maʻi ma ka hihia o ka atherosclerosis e hana ma lalo o ka hopena o ke kolamu nui o nā kolamu, nā maʻi like ʻole, a i ʻole ka nui o nā hormones. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, aia ka infiltration, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka impregnation, ka limu o loko o ka ʻili o ke kaʻi ʻana e nā neʻe i nā ʻili i loko o ke koko i kapa ʻia he monocytes. Ke hoʻohuli nei nā Monocytes i loko o nā nela macrophage, ka mea hiki ke hōʻiliʻili i nā esters kolesterol. Ua hoʻohuli ʻia nā mea i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i loko o nā ʻili huamo, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo nā lipid ka mea i kapa ʻia ma ka intima. Hoʻopili i nā macrophages i nā mea kūikawā e hōʻeuʻeu i ka synthes o ka hoʻopili pili. Hoʻohili ʻia ka lihi maʻamau o nā hāmeʻa ma o ka ʻā ʻana huehue. I ka ʻepekema ʻepekema, ua kapa ʻia kēia kaʻina hana he sclerosis. Hiki i ka Sclerosis ke hōʻea ma hope o ka neʻe ʻana i myocardial infarction.
ʻO nā kaʻina āpau āpau i luna, ke alakaʻi nei i ka huhū maʻi i nā moku. Hoʻoulu mālie nā lau kōpili atherosclerotic. He ʻōmole polū a puni ka polapona. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻōpala mua a i kakahiaka. ʻĀnō, a i ʻole ka ʻāʻulu o nā polu, he melemele lākou, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia a ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia me nā ʻano noiʻi ʻē aʻe. Inā hōʻino a pohō paha ka pā melemele, a laila he ʻano koko, e alakaʻi ana i ka maʻi coronary syndrome.
No kahi manawa lōʻihi, pōkole, ʻeleʻele paha, nā ʻāpana ʻōpala. Ua kapa ʻia lākou he fibrotic. Ua kiʻi lākou ma ka puni o ka paina holoʻokoʻa o ka moku a hoʻokau i nā pilikia hemodynamic koʻikoʻi a hōʻike ʻia i nā hoʻouka kaua angina.
Wahi a nā loli hoʻololi a pau i wehewehe ʻia, heʻokoʻa ka pae o 5 o ka atherosclerosis:
- Hōʻano Dolipid - i kēia hihia, ʻaʻole i pau ka moku, ʻo kā lākou āpau wale nō ke hoʻonui i ka koloprotein cholesterol haʻahaʻa-kiʻekiʻe (atherogen cholesterol).
- ʻO Lipoidosis ke ʻano o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā lipid lipile i ka wā i hoʻomaka ai nā lipoproteins e hōʻiliʻili i loko o ka intima o nā lāʻau.
- Liposclerosis - hoʻomaka hou kahi kikoʻī i hoʻohui ʻia i nā hōʻuluʻulu ʻana o ka nui i hōʻiliʻili ʻia, no ka nui o ka nui o nā pōpoki;
- ʻO Atheromatosis kahi ulceration o kahi pāina atherosclerotic.
ʻO ka papa hope loa he atherocalcinosis - aia kahi hōʻuluʻulu a me ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i nā paʻakai kalsi ma luna o ka pākeke.
Nā hōʻailona o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka atherosclerosis
Hoʻopili ʻia ka atherosclerosis e pili ana i nā hoʻopiʻi hoʻomanawanui. ʻOiai, ʻo kēia ka hōʻailona o ka maʻi. Aia ia i ka pololei o kahi o ke kaʻina pili. ʻOi ka nui o nā āina nunui e hōʻeha pinepine.
Nā arteri Coronary - ua ʻike pinepine ʻia lākou. Ma ka manawa like, ma ka atherosclerosis ka pinepine pinepine o ka pelekela, ʻo ia hoʻi, uhi piha ʻana i ka lumen o ka moku. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia i nā maʻi naʻau coronary (CHD). Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine nā poʻe maʻi i ka popo nui o ka puhi ʻana, kaomi ʻana i ka ʻeha ma hope o ka sternum, ka mea maʻamau me ka hoʻopā kino a me ka naʻau nui. Hiki i nā ʻāpana ke hoʻopili ʻia e ka pōkole o ka hanu a me kahi manaʻo makaʻu nui i ka make. Me ka poino nui i ka wahī, hiki i ka myocardial infarction ke ulu.
Pūnaewele Aortic - me kona nalowale, hiki i nā mea maʻi ke hoʻopiʻi i ka ʻeha, ka nalowale ʻana o ka ʻike, ka ʻuhane o ka nāwaliwali. Me ka lesi ākea nui, hiki paha i ka hala ke hana hewa a me ka leo hoʻōho.
ʻO nā ʻekipili serebral - ʻoi aku ka nui o lākou ke pā i ka wā kahiko. ʻO ka hoʻomaka mua o ka atherosclerosis cerebral e hele pū me ka ʻeha ma ke poʻo, ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana, ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana, ka hana ʻana i ka maʻi, ka huhū a me ka hikiʻole o nā manaʻo hoʻoholo. Ma kahi kokoke i nā maʻi āpau, aia kahi hōʻailona o Ribot, kahi e hoʻomanaʻo ai lākou i nā hanana i lōʻihi, akā ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke haʻi i ka mea i hana i kēia kakahiaka a i ʻole. I ka hopena o ka atherosclerosis cerebral, hiki i kahi hōʻeha ke ulu i kahi ulu.
ʻO nā ʻalihi Mesenteric nā ipu o ka mesentery o ka ʻawa. I kēia hihia, e hoʻopiʻi nā maʻi i ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka ʻeha, ka ʻōpū ʻole o ka ʻōpū, ke kīwī.
ʻO nā ʻeha arenalena - ʻo ka mea mua, ua kū mai ka ʻeha hoʻi hope. A laila, hiki ke hoʻolōʻihi i ka paʻakikī me ka paʻakikīʻole, ka paʻakikī loa e hoʻemi me ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
Nā ʻili o nā puʻuwai haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa - e hele pinepine lākou i nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi maʻi. E hoʻomau ka poʻe i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine ʻana i nā wāwae, ko lākou huhū, a me ka ulu ʻana o ka lauoho ulu i ka ʻili o nā wāwae. I kekahi manawa ke hoʻohuli polū nei nā wāwae. Eia nō hoʻi, ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea maʻi ke hele lōʻihi no ka lōʻihi o ka manawa lōʻihi, a paʻa lākou i ka wā maʻamau, ke hele wāwae nei ko lākou mau wāwae, huli i ka hōʻeha, hoʻomaka i nā ʻuʻule. ʻO kēia mau hiʻohiʻona he intermittent claudication syndrome. Hele i ka wā, hiki ke nānā ʻia nā ʻōpio trophic ma luna o ka ʻili. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, hiki i kēia ke ulu i gangrene. Inā holomua ka gangrene, ʻokiʻoki i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa me ke atherosclerosis.
ʻO nā moku āpau, koe wale nō ka lolo, ua kapa ʻia he extracranial, a i ʻole extracranial.
ʻO ka mālama ʻana a me ka pale ʻana o ka atherosclerosis i ka hahai ʻana i kahi papa i kauoha ʻia e ke kauka, ka lawe ʻana i nā lāʻau anticholesterolemic e kōkua ana i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā kīʻaha koko mai nā lolo. Pono ʻoe e hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine, hiki iā ʻoe ke hahai pū i nā kau ʻōlelo no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻoponopono pilikino, kahi i hiki ai ke hoʻomākaukau ʻia ma ka home. Pono e mālama ʻia no ka lōʻihi o ka wā a me ka hoʻoluhi ʻole ʻia ʻana, no ka mea, e ʻike ʻia ka hopena mua loa ma hope o hoʻokahi makahiki.
Pehea e ʻike ai i ka atherosclerosis i nā mua i wehewehe ʻia i loko o ke wikiō i kēia ʻatikala.
