ʻO ka pancreas kanaka, ma muli o nā kumu like ʻole, ʻaʻole pinepine e hana i ka insulin. A laila pono ʻoe e hoʻohana i ka insina engineered genetically, kahi e hoʻololi i ka insulin kanaka.
Loaʻa ka ʻano kanaka o ka insulin i ka synt synt o Escherichia coli, a i ʻole porcine insulin e ka mea hou i kekahi waʻa amino.
Pēlā e hoʻoiho i ka hana maʻamau o ka pancreas kanaka, hana ʻia ka inikini insulin. Koho ʻia ke ʻano o ka insulin e pili ana i ke ʻano o nā maʻi a me ka maikaʻi o ka mea maʻi. Hiki ke lawelawe i ka insulin a me ka intramuscularly. No ka ho'ōla olakino a me ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā inikini subcutaneous.
Nā hiʻohiʻona Insulin
Pono ka insulinulin mellitus e koi ai i ka mālama ola. Ke ola nei ke ola o kekahi kanaka i ka hele ʻana o ka insulin. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka maʻi mai ka maʻi like ʻole e pili ana i ka maʻi a i ka pae mua i ka ʻōlelo o ka prevalence ma ka honua.
No ka manawa mua, hana ʻia ka insulin mai ka pancreas a ka ʻīlio. I hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka hoʻohana ākea ʻana. Ma hope o 40 mau makahiki, ua hiki ke hana i ka synthesize o ke hormon ma kahi ʻano kemika.
Ma hope o kekahi manawa, ua hoʻolālā ʻia nā ʻano o insulin me kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe. Ke hana ʻia nei ka hana me ke kāpili ʻana i ka insulin o ke kanaka. Mai ka makahiki 1983, hoʻomaka ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i kēia hāmeʻe ma luna o kahi ʻenehana.
Ma mua, ua mālama ʻia ka maʻi diabetes me nā lāʻau i hana ʻia mai nā holoholona. Ke papa ʻia nei ia mau lāʻau. I loko o nā lāʻauʻai, hiki ke kūʻai wale aku i ka ʻenehana genetic, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke kūkulu ʻana i kēia mau lāʻau i ka hoʻololi ʻana i kahi huahana gen i loko o ke ʻano o kahi microorganism.
No kēia kumuhana, hoʻohana ʻia ka huehuli a ʻole ʻano ʻano pathogen o E. coli. I ka hopena, hoʻomaka ka microorganism i ka hana ʻana i ka insulin o nā kānaka no nā kānaka.
ʻOkoʻa ka ʻinikini ʻenehana hou:
- ka manawa hōʻike, he pōkole, ultrashort a me ka lōʻihi o nā hana insulins,
- ema waina amino.
Aia nō kekahi pūlea hui i kapa ʻia nā ʻano hui like ʻole. Ma ke ʻāpana o ia mau kālā he lōʻihi nā hana a me ka insulin ka lōʻihi.
ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka insulin hiki ke hōʻike ʻia i nā maʻi like me:
- ʻO ka maʻi maʻi Ketoacidosis,
- Lactic acid, maʻi maʻi a me ka hypersmolar coma,
- ʻO ka maʻi diabetes diabetes type 1
- Me nā maʻi o ka hōʻemi ʻana, nā mea hōʻeha o nā mea maʻi
- ʻO ka nephropathy Diabetic a me / hanai paha i ka hana luhi, ka hapai a me ka hānau ʻana.
- ʻO ka type 2 ke non-insulin-mellitus kūloko o ka mellitus me ke kū'ē i nā antidiabetic waha waha,
- ʻO nā lepa ʻula,
- ʻO ka asthenization koʻikoʻi ma nā ala āpau,
- Hoʻōla lōʻihi i ka lō ʻia.
Ka lōʻihi o ka insulin
Ma ka lōʻihi o ka hana a me ka ʻenekena o ka hana, hoʻokaʻawale ka insulin:
- ʻālohaki
- pokole
- ka lōʻihi waena
- hana lōʻihi.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā insulins Ultrashort ma hope o ke kūpaʻa ʻana. Loaʻa ka hopena kiʻekiʻe ma hope o hoʻokahi hola a me ka hapa.
Pono ka lōʻihi o ka hana i nā hola 4. Hiki ke lawelawe ʻia kēia ʻano like ʻole ma mua o ka papa ʻaina a i ʻole ma hope o ka ʻaina. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia insulin, ʻaʻole ia e koi i ka pau ma waena o ka inikua a me ka meaʻai.
ʻAʻole koi ʻo Ultrashort insulin i kahi mea e hoʻoulu ai i ka meaʻai ma ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hana, ʻoi aku ka kūpono ma mua o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. Penei nā insulin like:
- Apidra
- Insulin Novorapid,
- Humawai.
Hoʻomaka nā insulins pōkole e hana ma hope o ka hapalua hola. Hoʻomaka ka papa o ka hana ma hope o 3 mau hola. Hana ʻia ka hana ma kahi o 5 mau hola. ʻO ke ʻano o kēia insulin e hoʻokele ʻia ma mua o ka papaʻaina, pono ʻoe e mālama i kahi hoʻomā ma waena o ka paʻi a me ka meaʻai. ʻAi ʻia ka ʻai ʻana ma hope o 15 mau minuke.
Ke hoʻohana nei i ka insulin hana pōkole, pono ʻoe e loaʻa i ka snack i kekahi mau hola ma hope o ka paʻi ʻana. Pono ka wā ʻai me ka manawa o ka hana kiʻekiʻe o ka hormone. ʻO nā insulins pōkole e:
- Himulin maʻamau
- Actrapid
- Monodar (K50, K30, K15),
- Insuman Rapid,
- ʻO Humodar a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā insulins medium-lōʻihi he mau lāʻau lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka hana a 12-16 mau hola. I ke ʻano type diabetes 1, hoʻohana ʻia ke insulin i mea he ʻano a i ʻole basal. I kekahi manawa pono ʻoe e hana i nā inikina 2 a i ʻole 3 i ka manawa o ka lā i ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi me ka hoʻomaha ʻana o nā hola 12.
Hoʻomaka ka hana like ʻana ma hope o nā hola 1-3, a hiki i kahi kiʻekiʻe ma hope o 4 mau hola. ʻO ka lōʻihi ka 12-16 mau hola. Hoʻopili nā lāʻau laoa i waena.
- Humodar br
- Protafan
- Humulin NPH,
- Novomiks.
- ʻO Bazal Insuman.
ʻO nā insulins ka lōʻihi e hana i ka insulin a basal paha. Pono i kekahi kanaka i hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha mau inikini i kēlā me kēia lā. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou e ma ka mālamaʻana i ka maʻi diabetes 2.
Hōʻike nā hua lāʻau e ka hopena kumulative. Hōʻike ʻia ka hopena o ka dosage ma hope o 2-3 lā. Hana nā insulins lōʻihi hana i nā hola 4-6 ma hope o ka paʻi ʻana. ʻO kā lākou hana kiʻekiʻe e hoʻokō nei i nā hola 11-14, mau ka hana ʻoi loa ma kahi o kahi lā.
I waena o kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau, aia nā insulins e ʻaʻohe o kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka hana. Kūpono kēlā kālā kālā a no ka hapa nui ka hoʻohālike i ka hopena o ka hormone kūlohelohe i kahi kanaka olakino.
Aia kēia mau mea kākau:
- Lākusa
- Monodar Long,
- Monodar ultralong,
- Ultralente
- Ultralong,
- ʻO Humulin L a me kekahi,
- Lākusa
- Levemir.
Nā hopena ʻaoʻao a me nā pilia dosage
Me ka nui o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka insulin i nā kānaka, hiki ke kū i lalo nā mea penei:
- Weupuaa
- ʻO ka huluhulu
- Palani
- ʻŪngū
- Kauʻuwai
- Laumapa
- Ikai- no
- Nā uhi momona.
ʻO nā mea a pau i luna, ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona o ka hypoglycemia. Inā hoʻomaka wale ke kūlana a i ka hoʻomaka ʻana, hiki iā ʻoe ke wehe kūʻokoʻa i nā hōʻailona. No ka hanaʻana i kēia, e lawe i nā huahana me ke kō a me ka nui o nā mea i maʻalahi i ka momona.
Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻolauna ʻia kahi hopena dextrose a me glucagon i loko o ke kino. Inā hāʻule ka mea maʻi i kahi coma, pono kahi hoʻoponopono o ka dextrose i hoʻololi ʻia. Hoʻohana ʻia a hiki i ka holomua o ke ʻano.
Hiki i kekahi mau maʻi ke hoʻomau i nā maʻi like i ka insulin. I waena o nā hōʻailona nui:
- Waha haole
- Ke kuapo nei
- ʻĀpio,
- ʻĀhihi
- Kūʻai
- ʻIwī
- Ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa nei i ke koko.
Ke hele nei ka Hyperglycemia ma muli o nā hopena haʻahaʻa a i ʻole ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi maʻi ʻōpū, a i ʻole hoʻi i ka mālama ʻole ʻana i ka meaʻai. I kekahi manawa kūkulu kahi kanaka i ka lipodystrophy kahi e mālama ai ka lāʻau.
Ke hoʻohana ʻia nei ka lāʻau lapaʻau hiki ke hele mai ma kahi ʻano iki:
- Leke,
- ʻEhaʻeha
- Kau ka momona.
Loaʻa ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi haki no ka nui o ka inika ke ʻano maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes. Hāʻawi ka mea hana i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka pae o ka glucose i ke koko, ma muli o ke kipi ʻana o ka glucose i hoʻomehana ʻia e nā sela, ke ʻano o ke kaʻina o kona hele ʻana. Ke hoʻohālikelike nei kēia mau lāʻau i ka inika no ke kanaka, akā pono e lawe ʻia e nā kauka ʻana, no ka mea he hopena maikaʻi ʻole olakino.
Nā kuhikuhi koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻohana ʻana
Pono nā wahine me nā maʻi maʻi maʻi e hoʻomaopopo i kā lākou mea mālama olakino e pili ana i ka hoʻolālā a hoʻomaka paha i kahi wā hāpai. Kēia mau ʻano wahine o kēlā me kēia wahine e koi i ka lactation e hoʻololi i ke ʻano o ka insulin, me ka ʻai ʻana.
Ke noiʻi nei i nā make o nā inikua insulin, ʻaʻole i ʻike ka poʻe ʻepekema i ka hopena mutagenic.
He mea kūpono ʻole ke hoʻokaʻawale paha ka nele o ka ʻona inā loaʻa ʻole ka maʻi o ka pūpū. Hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia kahi kanaka i kekahi ʻano like ʻole o ka insulin a i ʻole kahi lāʻau lapaʻau me ka inoa inoa ʻē aʻe ma lalo o ka mākaʻi loea olakino.
Pono e hoʻoponopono ʻia ka dosage inā ua loli ʻia ka hana o ke ʻano o ka insulin, ʻano ʻano ʻano like ʻole paha. Hiki ke emi i ka insulin me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe:
- ʻAʻohe hana adrenal pono ʻole, nā nui a ka lolo thyme a i ʻole ke aniani pituitary,
- ʻO ka Hepatic a me ka renal ka maikaʻi ʻole.
Me ka pīhoihoi a i ʻole kekahi mau maʻi, pono ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka insulin. Pono ʻia kahi loli ma ka lāʻau me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hoʻoikaika kino.
Nā hōʻailona o ka hypoglycemia, inā e lawelawe ʻia ka insulin kanaka, e ʻōlelo iki a ʻokoʻa paha ia mai nā mea i hele a me ka hoʻomehana o ka insulin o ka holoholona.
Me ka normalization o ke kō koko, no ka laʻana, ma muli o ka hopena paʻa me ka insulin, e nalowale paha nā mea āpau a me kekahi mau hōʻike o ka hypoglycemia, kahi e ʻike ʻia ai ka poʻe.
Hiki i nā mea kūpono o ka hypoglycemia ke loli a ʻoluʻolu ʻole me ka mālama lōʻihi ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes a me ka hoʻohana ʻana o beta-blockers.
Hiki i ke ʻano maʻi maʻi kūloko ke kumu no nā kumu ʻole i pili ʻole i ka hopena o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, no ka laʻana, hoʻonāukiuki i ka ʻili me nā lāʻau a i ʻole ka ʻeha kūpono ʻana.
I kekahi mau pilikia o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi hopena kūlike mau, pono ka wikiwiki koke. Pono paha a i ʻole hoʻi ke hoʻololi i ka insulin.
Me ka hypoglycemia i loko o nā kānaka, e emi iho nei ke koʻikoʻi o ka nānā a me ka wikiwiki o ka hopena psychomotor. Hiki i kēia ke kūleʻa i nā hihia inā pono kēia mau hana. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona e lawe ana i kahi kaʻa a i ʻole nā mea hana ʻē aʻe.
Pono e ʻōlelo ʻia nā poʻe me ka maʻi maʻi e mālama i nā kaʻi ākea e pale aku i ka hypoglycemia i ke kaʻa ʻana i nā kaʻa.
He mea koʻikoʻi loa kēia no ka poʻe e hōʻike ʻole i ka hōʻailona, ʻo ia ka harbinger o hypoglycemia. I kēia mau hihia, pono ke kauka e hele ana i ka pono no ka hoʻomanawanui pono ʻana. ʻO ke wikiō i kēia ʻatikala e kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā ʻano o insulin.
