Ke pau ka hoʻoluhi ʻana o ka paona pau ʻole i ke kaua ma o ka momona, ma muli o kekahi o nā mea kīnā ʻole ʻia, hoʻomaka ka wahine kūpono i ka ʻai ʻaina, nā hua, ka laiki a me nā mea kanu.
Akā makehewa, ʻaʻole lākou i kiʻi i ka puhipuhi, a i kekahi manawa ua loaʻa i ka hopena kū'ē a loaʻa i nā paona keu. No ke aha kēia e hana nei? Manaʻa ʻole paha kekahi mau kāmala i ka lāʻau, a he momona paha ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana?
I mea e hoʻomaopopo ai i kēia, pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i nā loina o nā kaʻina metabolic, a me ʻelua mau huahelu huahana, glycemic a me ka ukana glycemic.
Pehea e hana ai nā hana hoʻololi
I mea e ʻike ai i ke kumu o ka mea e hana nei, pono ʻoe e hoʻomaka me ka hoʻonaʻauao mamao. ʻO kekahi o nā hormones nui i komo i nā hana pā o ka metabolic ʻo ka insulin.
Ua huna ʻia ia e ka pancreas i ka wā e kū aʻe ka ʻili o ke koko. Hoʻokumu ka Insulin i kahi mea hoʻoponopono o ka metabolism a me ka glucose e pono ai no ka metabolism kūlohelohe o nā kāmeʻa, nā momona a me nā protein.
Hoʻohaʻahaʻa ka hormone i ka ʻike o ka glucose i loko o ke koko, a hoʻopakele pū ʻia nō hoʻi a kōkua iā ia e komo i nā ʻoi a me nā momona momona, no laila, i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka insulin i loko o ke koko, hoʻomaka koke ke kanaka. E hana ana kēia e like me ka ʻōlelo kumu:
- Hoʻonui ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka kalapona i ka pae o ka insulin a hoʻemi i ka hoʻoneʻe o ka testosterone, hana ʻia e ka pancreas.
- Hoʻopau ka Glucagon i ka hoʻololi i hele mai i loko o ke akea, kahi e lilo ai ka glycogen i glucose.
- ʻOi aku ka nui o ka nui o ka glucose i ke koko, ke komo ka nui o ka insulin i loko o ke koko, e hoʻonui ai i ka nui o ke kō o ka kō i lawe ʻia e ka insulin e komo i ka kiko adipose.
- No laila, he mea nui e hōʻoia i ka nui o ka glucose i mea maʻamau a ʻaʻole hoʻi e hoʻonui.
He aha ka paukū glycemic?
I mea e ʻike ai i ka piʻi ʻana o ka pae kiʻekiʻe o ke koko, aia kahi mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka glycemic index (GI). Hōʻike ʻia pehea ka pili ʻana o ka meaʻai i ke kō koko.
Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia huahana kona mau kuhikuhi (0-100), e hilinaʻi nei i ka wikiwiki e hiki ai ke hoʻonui i ka waihona gula, e hōʻike ʻia ka papa ma lalo.
Loaʻa i Glucose kahi GI o 100. ʻO ia ke kumu e komo koke i ka kahe koko, no laila ʻo ke kumu nui ia e hoʻohālikelike ai i nā huahana a pau.
Ua hoʻololi maoli ʻo GI i nā kumuwaiwai o kahi meaʻai olakino, e hōʻike ana i nā ʻuala a me nā pōpoki i hoʻonui i nā kiʻekiʻe o ka glucose koko ma ke ʻano like o ke kōpaʻa maʻemaʻe. No laila, kumu kēia kumu ischemia, extra pounds a me diabetes.
Akā ʻo ka mea maoli, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o nā mea āpau, no ka Inā ʻoe e hoʻokau pono i ka lula GI, a laila ua pā nā huahana i pāpā ʻia i ka ʻĀina (GI-75), he like me ka helu kumuhana (GI-76). Akā pehea naʻe hiki ʻole iaʻu ke manaʻo e loaʻa i ke kanaka ka nui o ka momona o ke kino ma ka ʻai ʻana i ka wai me he ʻeke.
ʻO kēia i kaʻoiaʻiʻo, no ka mea, ʻaʻole ʻo ka glycemic index he axiom, no laila ʻaʻole ʻoe e hilinaʻi i ia mea ma nā mea āpau!
He aha ka ukana glycemic?
Aia kekahi hōʻailona e kōkua e wānana i ka nui o ke kō o ke koko e piʻi a pehea hoʻi ka lōʻihi e noho ai i kahi māka kiʻekiʻe. Kāhea ʻia ia ʻo ka ukana glycemic.
ʻO kēia ka hoʻohālike no ka helu ʻana i ka GN e like me kēia: Hoʻopiliʻia ka GI e ka nui o nā pale kākā, a laila hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e 100.
GN = (Kāpena xKI GI): 100
I kēia, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoʻohālike o kēia ʻano, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohālikelike i ka GN o nā donat a me nā meli:
- ʻO GI hāʻawi = 76, nā pākuhi kalepa = 38.8. GN = (76 x 28.8): 100 = 29.5 g.
- GI o nā ipu wai = 75, nā pākuhi kalepa = 6.8. GN = (75 x 6.8): 100 = 6.6 g.
Mai kēia mai ua hiki iā mākou ke hopena i ka wā e ʻai ai i ka hoki, e loaʻa i kahi kanaka ka nui o ka 4,5 mau manawa hou aʻe ma mua o ka ʻai ʻana i ka nui o ka wai meli.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke kau aku i ka fructose me kahi GI o 20 ma ke ʻano he hoʻohālike .. A i ka ʻike mua ʻana, he mea liʻiliʻi ia, akā ke kīloi hāpana i ka waihona hūnā me ka 100 g, a ʻo GN kahi 20.
Hōʻike ka maʻi glycemic i ka ʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai me ka GI haʻahaʻa, akā i ka nui o nā mea kāʻeiwa no ka lilo ʻana o ka paona ua waiwai ʻole ia. No laila, hiki i kāu iho glycemic kaʻawale ke hoʻomalu kūʻokoʻa, pono wale ʻoe e koho i nā meaʻai i loaʻa ka GI haʻahaʻa a hōʻemi paha i ka kahe o ka mau māmā wikiwiki.
Ua hoʻomohala nā Nutritionists i kahi nui o ka pae GN no kēlā me kēia lawelawe o ka meaʻai.
- liʻiliʻi ka pae o GN i 10;
- paʻō - mai 11 a 19;
- hoʻonui - 20 a i ʻole.
Ma ke ala, ʻaʻole loa o 100 mau pūʻulu helu o ke ao ʻo GN.
Hiki paha ke hoʻololi i ka GN a me GI?
Hiki ke hoʻowalewale i kēia mau ʻōuli e like me ke ʻano e waiho ʻia kahi huahana. Hiki i ka hōʻiliʻili i ka meaʻai ke hoʻonui i ka GI (no ka laʻana, ʻo ka GI o nā ʻalā o ka palaoa he 85, a no ka palaoa ʻoiai ʻo ia he 70, ʻo ka ʻuala kuke i loaʻa ia ka huaʻōlelo glycemic o 70, a me nā mea kanu kālai ʻia mai ka lāʻau like ʻana he GI o 83).
ʻO ka hopena ka mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai i kahi ʻano maka (maka).
Hiki i ka mālama wela ke hōʻeha i kahi GI. Loaʻa i nā huaʻai ʻai a me nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi i ka GI ma mua o ka ʻaina. No ka mea hoʻohālikelike, loaʻa i ka kāloti māla he GI o 35, a he 85 mau kaona i hoʻolapalapa ka 85, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻonui i ka ukana glycemic. E hōʻike ʻia kahi papa kikoʻī o ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā ʻōnaehana ma lalo nei.
Akā, inā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hana me ka kuke ʻole, a laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e kuke i ka huahana. Akā, ʻaʻole luku i ka leʻa i ka mea kanu, a he mea nui loa kēia.
Loaʻa ka nui o ka fiber i ka meaʻai, ka haʻahaʻa o kona glycemic index. Eia kekahi, e ʻōlelo ʻia e ʻai i nā hua a me nā mea kanu ʻole me ka hāʻawi ʻole i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe mua. ʻAʻole ke kumu i waiho wale i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka hapa nui o nā mau huaora i ka ʻili, akā no ka mea nō he nui o ka nui o ka fiber.
Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka huahana, e lilo ka nui glycemic index. Ma keʻano kūikawā, ua pili kēia i nā mea kanu. No ka hoʻohālikelike:
- ʻO GI muffin kahi 95;
- pōpō lōʻihi - 70;
- paʻu i hana ʻia mai ka palaoa wīwī - 50;
- peiha ʻoli - 70;
- nā palaoa kāla palaoa piha - 35;
- brown rice - 50.
No laila, pohō ka paila, pono ia e ʻai i ka cereals mai loko mai o ka palaoa, me ka palaoa i hana ʻia mai ka palaoa a pau me ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka bran.
Kōkua ka Acid e hoʻolōʻihi i ke kaʻina o ka assimilation o ka meaʻai ma ke kino. No laila, ʻo ka GI o ka hua unripe ma mua o ka mea o nā huahana momona. No laila, ʻo ka GI o kekahi mau meaʻai e hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka vīkaʻa ma ke ʻano o ka waiʻai a i ʻole ka ʻaʻa ʻia ia.
I ka hoʻohui ʻana i kāu ʻai ponoʻī, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e manaʻo maʻalahi i ka glycemic index, akā ʻo ka glycemic load ʻaʻole ia he mea nui a mua. ʻO ka mea mua, pono ke noʻonoʻo i nā waihona o ka calorie o nā huahana, nā kiko o nā momona, nā paʻakai, nā waikawa amino, nā huaora a me nā minelala i loko o lākou.
Kālā GI a me GN.
Tagu inoa | Kekahi huila (GI) | ʻO nā kalapona kalapona | ʻO ka lawe glycemic (GN) | ʻ contentlelo kaloli |
pia 2.8% waiʻona | 110 | 4,4 | 4,8 | 34 |
Nā lā maloʻo | 103 | 72,3 | 74,5 | 306 |
nā lā hou | 102 | 68,5 | 69,9 | 271 |
palaoa keʻokeʻo | 100 | 65 | 65,0 | 386 |
ʻO nā moa Farani | 95 | 63 | 59,9 | 369 |
ʻuala ʻia | 95 | 11,5 | 10,92 | 107 |
palaoa palaoa | 95 | 82,5 | 78,4 | 371 |
nā apricots kāpili | 91 | 21 | 19,1 | 85 |
ainalaka hola | 91 | 68 | 61,9 | 265 |
kaled kentang | 90 | 14,3 | 12,9 | 74 |
meli | 90 | 80,3 | 72,3 | 314 |
paila ʻaina koke | 90 | 76,2 | 68,6 | 360 |
huʻu ʻā | 85 | 78,6 | 66,8 | 330 |
kāleʻa i hoʻolapalapa ʻia | 85 | 29 | 24,7 | 6,1 |
papaleʻa | 85 | 72 | 61,2 | 382 |
keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo | 85 | 48,6 | 41,3 | 238 |
hua masala kanu | 83 | 46 | 38,2 | 316 |
ʻoki pōpoki | 80 | 48,6 | 38,9 | 531 |
mau ʻekeʻeke | 80 | 66,1 | 52,9 | 439 |
granola me nā huaʻai a me nā hohi | 80 | 56,3 | 45,0 | 396,6 |
unuhi hewa ʻole | 76 | 80,1 | 60,9 | 305 |
mauʻano | 76 | 38,8 | 29, 5 | 296 |
punawai | 75 | 8,8 | 6,6 | 38 |
zucchini | 75 | 4,9 | 3,7 | 23 |
paukō | 75 | 4,4 | 3,3 | 21,4 |
papa ʻāina ʻai palaoa | 74 | 72,5 | 53,7 | 395 |
huahele palaoa | 72 | 58,5 | 42,1 | 284 |
millet | 71 | 66,5 | 47,2 | 348 |
uala | 70 | 16,7 | 11, 7 | 82 |
ʻO Coca-Cola, moemoeā, sprite | 70 | 42 | 29, 4 | 10,6 |
kālai kalala, palaoa | 70 | 78,2 | 54, 7 | 343 |
palaoa palaoa | 70 | 11,2 | 7,8 | 58 |
marmalade, kaʻaina me ke kō | 70 | 70 | 49,0 | 265 |
Mākeke, ʻAikeki (Bars) | 70 | 18 | 12,6 | 340 |
kamaha, ravioli | 70 | 22 | 15,4 | 248 |
uʻi ʻaila keʻokeʻo | 70 | 79,3 | 55,5 | 361 |
liuliu (sucrose) | 70 | 99,8 | 69, 9 | 379 |
waiū waiū | 70 | 52,6 | 36,8 | 544 |
palaoa palaoa | 69 | 68,9 | 47, 5 | 344 |
croissant | 67 | 40,7 | 27, 3 | 336 |
paina | 66 | 11,5 | 7,6 | 49 |
ouatmeal koke | 66 | 56 | 37,0 | 350 |
maiʻa | 65 | 21 | 13,7 | 89 |
melona | 65 | 9,1 | 5, 9 | 38 |
pahu-kanu ʻai | 65 | 30,4 | 19,8 | 122 |
hoahānau | 65 | 73 | 47,5 | 358 |
semolina | 65 | 67,7 | 44,0 | 328 |
ʻole kala, mākaukau | 65 | 12,8 | 8,32 | 54 |
berena uliuli | 65 | 40,7 | 26,5 | 207 |
palaka | 64 | 66 | 42,2 | 262 |
pasta me ka kō | 64 | 24,8 | 15,9 | 312 |
nā kuki pōkole | 64 | 76,8 | 49,2 | 458 |
beetroot | 64 | 8,8 | 5,6 | 49 |
ʻu pōpō | 63 | 64,2 | 40,4 | 351 |
huaʻuʻu ulu | 63 | 28,2 | 17,8 | 302 |
palaoa pūpū palaoa | 62 | 40 | 24,8 | 225 |
ʻaʻano | 62 | 63 | 39,1 | 493 |
kālaʻai hamuna | 61 | 53,7 | 32,8 | 300 |
pizza me kaʻaila a me ka waiū | 60 | 18,4 | 11,0 | 218,2 |
keʻokeʻo friable keʻokeʻo | 60 | 24,9 | 14,9 | 113 |
keʻa palaoa | 59 | 11,2 | 6,6 | 58 |
ʻōpō | 58 | 9,2 | 5,3 | 48 |
waʻa palaoa | 57 | 21,34 | 12,2 | 101 |
mango | 55 | 11,5 | 6,3 | 67 |
ōatmeal kuki | 55 | 71 | 39,1 | 437 |
pata kuki | 55 | 76, 8 | 42,2 | 471 |
huapalaoa hua me kaʻaila i hoʻoluhi ʻia me ke kō | 55 | 66,2 | 36,4 | 575 |
ʻōmaʻomaʻo | 52 | 8,5 | 4,4 | 85 |
Lākole ʻaila sundae | 52 | 20,8 | 10,8 | 227 |
bran | 51 | 23,5 | 12,0 | 191 |
pāwīwū kikowaena | 50 | 30,6 | 15,3 | 163 |
hua momona (kamiki) | 50 | 14,6 | 7,3 | 61 |
kiwi | 50 | 4,0 | 2,0 | 51 |
spaghetti pasta | 50 | 59,3 | 29,7 | 303 |
ka pipi ʻia me ka ʻīhi | 50 | 24,8 | 12,4 | 302 |
palaoa, ʻāwīwīwīī ʻīwī | 50 | 34,2 | 17,1 | 175,4 |
sherbet | 50 | 83 | 41,5 | 345 |
waiū waiu | 49 | 14,2 | 7,0 | 102 |
piʻi ʻōmaʻomaʻo, kēli | 48 | 6,5 | 3,1 | 40 |
hua ʻai, hua ʻala | 48 | 13,8 | 6,6 | 54 |
kahe huehue, ʻona kō | 48 | 8,0 | 3,8 | 36 |
nā paina paila, ka ʻala ʻole | 46 | 15,7 | 7,2 | 68 |
berena bran | 45 | 11,3 | 5,1 | 216 |
nā paʻani paʻani | 44 | 18,2 | 8,0 | 70 |
hua aʻa ʻala | 42 | 21,5 | 9,0 | 123 |
waina | 40 | 15,0 | 6,0 | 65 |
ʻōmaʻomaʻo, mau pī | 40 | 12,8 | 5,1 | 73 |
Hominy (porridge. | 40 | 21,2 | 8,5 | 93,6 |
wai hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia wai maka, ʻaina kō | 40 | 18 | 7,2 | 78 |
wai meli, ʻono kala me kaʻole | 40 | 9,1 | 3,6 | 38 |
ʻāniʻu keʻokeʻo | 40 | 21,5 | 8,6 | 123 |
palaoa palaoa palaoa, palaoa rye | 40 | 43,9 | 17,6 | 228 |
wholemeal spaghetti | 38 | 59,3 | 22,5 | 303 |
ʻolaka | 35 | 8,1 | 2,8 | 40 |
figs | 35 | 11,2 | 3,9 | 49 |
kūlohelohe 3.2% momona | 35 | 3,5 | 1,2 | 66 |
ʻōhua momona-momona | 35 | 3,5 | 1,2 | 51 |
apricots maloʻo | 35 | 55 | 19,3 | 234 |
kāloti huaʻai | 35 | 7,2 | 2,5 | 34 |
nā poʻe kāʻei | 34 | 9,5 | 3,2 | 42 |
nā hua ʻōmaʻomaʻo | 34 | 57,2 | 19,5 | 320 |
hua ʻōpala | 32 | 6,3 | 2,0 | 34 |
waiū piha | 32 | 4,7 | 15,0 | 58 |
mākele berry ma waho o ke kō, nā wai ʻole me ke kō | 30 | 76 | 22,8 | 293 |
waiū 2.5% | 30 | 4,73 | 1,4 | 52 |
soy waiu | 30 | 1,7 | 0,51 | 40 |
poʻe kēkole | 30 | 9,5 | 2,9 | 43 |
apana | 30 | 8,0 | 2,4 | 37 |
ʻōwawa | 28 | 0,8 | 0,2 | 226 |
skim waiū | 27 | 4,7 | 1,3 | 31 |
kālai | 22 | 11,3 | 2,5 | 49 |
mau huawaa | 22 | 6,5 | 1,4 | 35 |
bale | 22 | 23 | 5,1 | 106 |
ʻōpala | 22 | 9,6 | 2,1 | 43 |
kalalaʻi ʻeleʻele (70% koko) | 22 | 52,6 | 11,6 | 544 |
nā apricots hou | 20 | 9,0 | 1,8 | 41 |
huʻakai | 20 | 9,9 | 2,0 | 551 |
friposa | 20 | 99,9 | 20,0 | 380 |
walnuts | 15 | 18,3 | 2,8 | 700 |
ʻōpala | 10 | 5,1 | 0,5 | 24 |
brocoli | 10 | 1,1 | 0,1 | 24 |
ʻōpū | 10 | 1,1 | 0,1 | 23 |
kāpala ʻōmaʻomaʻo | 10 | 5,3 | 0,5 | 26 |
kāpeti keʻokeʻo | 10 | 4,7 | 0,5 | 27 |
aniani | 10 | 9,1 | 0,9 | 41 |
kamato | 10 | 3,8 | 0,4 | 23 |
lau lettu | 10 | 2,3 | 0,2 | 17 |
ʻokiʻoki | 10 | 0,8 | 0,1 | 11 |
ke kāleka | 10 | 5,2 | 0,5 | 46 |
maloʻo ka lau ʻulaʻula | 8 | 18,8 | 1,5 | 610 |