Kūkākūkā - pharmacology a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau

ʻO Glucophage kahi hana lapaʻau Pelekane kahiko antidiabetic e pili ana i ka metformin hydrochloride. Ma mua o ka puka ʻana mai o ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma ke kūʻai lāʻau lapaʻau, ua hoʻomohala a ua noiʻi ʻo ka ʻoihana Farani ʻo Merck Sante a noiʻi ʻo ia i 10 mau makahiki. ʻAʻole ia he mea hoʻohālikelike o ka Glucophage kumu mua a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā generics i hoʻoili ʻia e nā limahana i kūʻai ai i ka patent.

ʻO ka Glucophage ka mea maikaʻi loa, no ka mea ua aʻo mua ʻia i ka hui ma loko, i mea e kūʻai aku ai, me ka ʻili, ka mea i loaʻa. Hoʻohana nā mea hoʻohana kuʻikahi me nā mea waiwai a me nā ʻano hui like ʻole, me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ko lākou hopena, a no laila e hiki ʻole ai ke hopena.

Hoʻomili hou a me ke ʻano hoʻohālikelike

ʻO ka mea hana a ka lāʻau lapaʻau ka metformin hydrochloride (metformin hydrochloride). Wahi a ka dosage, hoʻokahi papa o ka lāʻau lapaau he 500, 850 a i ʻole 1000 mg o kēia ʻano. Hoʻopili i kahi mea kanu kumu, loaʻa i ka lāʻau Glucofage nā mea hoihoi (povidone K 30, magnesium stearate). Hana ʻia ka hualelo o ka hypromellose a me nā macrogol.

Hoʻokomo ʻia nā papa convex lapalapa (1000 mg oval) e kahi mākaʻu. Hoʻopiliʻia i kahi notch hoʻokaʻawale, aia kahi hapa ukra. Ua kālai ʻia lākou ma nā poli o nā ʻāpana 15-20. I kahi pahu kāleka hiki iā ia mai 2 a 4 mau papa like ʻole.

E hoʻokuʻu i ka lāʻau lapaʻau lapaʻau. No Glucofage, kau ʻia ke kumukūʻai ma ka dosage, wahi, ʻano ʻano o ka pūnaewele o ka apana. I kekahi hihia, kūpono loa ia: no ka laʻana, ka nui o nā kumukūʻai o nā papa 30 o 500 mg - mai 100 a 130 i ka rubles. Hoʻokuʻu lākou i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau mua me ka hiki ke lōʻihi - Glucophage Long.

ʻO ke kumu o ke ola o ka lāʻau lapaʻau e hilinaʻi ana i ka waiū: no nā kīwī o 500 a i ʻole 850 mg no 5 mau makahiki, no 1000 mg no 3 mau makahiki. Mālama ʻia ka lāʻau i loko o kāna kīʻaha mua, nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ka hoʻohana ʻana, ʻaʻole e kuhikuhi i nā kūlana kūikawā no ka glucophage.

Lapaʻau

ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau hypoglycemic pānaʻi ʻia ma ka hui o biagunids a ʻo ia wale nō ka mea i hoʻākoakoa. ʻO ka Metformin, ka māhele nui o Glucofage, ke pale aku i ka kao ʻana o ka glucose i loko o ka huina a me ke ʻano ʻana i ka huina. Eia kekahi, hoʻonui ka lāʻau i ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā kīleʻaleʻa. Hoʻohālikelike ka Glucophage me nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻokoʻa antidiabetic o nā papa ʻē aʻe i hiki ʻole iā ia ke kumu no ka glycemia, no ka mea ʻaʻole i hāʻawi ʻia kona ʻano hana no ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka syntogen insulin synthesis.

Hana ʻia ʻo Metformin i ʻekolu mau kuhikuhi:

• Hoʻololi i ka hana glucose i loko o ka ate, e pale ana i ka glucoseoneogenesis a me ka glycogenolysis;
• Hoʻonui i ka ʻike ʻana o nā receptors cellular i ka hormone, e hōʻoia ana i ka hoʻoponopono piha ʻana o nā mea kāʻei;
• Hoʻopili i ka loaʻaʻana o nā gula i loko o nā paia o ka pūpū.

Lapaʻau lāʻau

Ke hōʻike ʻia nei i ka ʻōpū o ka gastrointestinal, hoʻoulu ʻia ke metformin, me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai, me ka wikiwiki o ka komo ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻu e iho i lalo. ʻO ka hōʻemi loa ʻia o ka lāʻau i loko o ka serum koko e nānā ma hope o 2 a me ka hapa hola.

Hoʻololi ʻole ka bioavailability pololei ma waena o 50-60%. Ua hoʻokele ʻia nā haʻawina me ke komo ʻana o nā mea hana olakino maikaʻi e hoʻopau i ka glucophage ma loko o kahi kīnā o 500-850 mg.

Hoʻopili maloʻo ʻo Biguanide i nā protein plasma, komo i loko o ka pilina me nā sela koko ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka puʻu hoʻoili ma ka waena o 63-276 lita.

ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia nā metabolits Metformin i loko o ke kino, ua hoʻopau ʻia ia e nā pūlū, kekahi (a hiki i 30%) i loko o ka ʻāpana. ʻO ke kāpae hapa-ola ka haʻahaʻa o 6 a me ka hapa hola. Me nā renal dysfunction, hōʻemi ka ʻāpana metformin i ka hoʻohālikelike i nā hōʻailona e hōʻike ana i ka emi ʻana o ka hoʻopale ma creatinine (CC).

Hoʻolālā - ʻike hōʻailona no ka hoʻohana ʻana

Ua kuhikuhi ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau no nā maʻi maʻi me ka lua o nā maʻi, inā ʻaʻole i hāʻawi ʻia ka hoʻoponopono hoʻololi ʻana i ka 100% glycemic control. No nā maʻi maʻi lūlū, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka glucophage ma mua o nā mea hana antidiabetic. Hoʻohana ʻia ia:

• No ka monotherapy a i ka hui pū ʻana me ka wai lāʻau hoʻohiolo i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe a i ʻole ke kūlike me ka insulin;
• Ke hoʻomaka nei he lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole me ka hoʻohui pū ʻana me ka insulin no ka kaohi o ke ʻano maʻi type 2 i nā keiki;
• Ke ho'ōki nei i ka metabolic syndrome;
• No ka pale ʻana i ka wā kahiko (ma hope o 45 mau makahiki).

Hoʻohana ʻia ka Glucophage no ka pāhulu polycystic. Ka hapanui o ke kino e maʻi ma muli o ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka hoʻoliʻi glucose glucose: nā kāpena candied, nā ʻāpana koko i piha i nā kīkī momona, nā ʻinekele ma ka ʻili. Hoʻololi ʻia kēlā me kēia molekule glucose mauʻaina i ʻelua molekō momona.

Ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā hōʻailona glycemic, hiki ke pale ʻia i ka atherosclerosis, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia i ke ʻano o ke koko, no ka mea e ola lōʻihi nā protein. No ka pale ʻana i ka wāʻelemakule, hoʻohana ʻia ka glucophage i kahi momona o 250 mg / lā. I kekahi manawa hoʻohana ʻia ka glucophage i ka hoʻoikaika kino a i ʻole no ka hoʻoponopono kaupaona.

ʻO Glucophage kahi lāʻau lapaʻau honua: ua kuhikuhi ʻia e nā mea lapaʻau a me nā endocrinologists, cardiologists a oncologists, gynecologists a pediatricians.

Nā maʻi a me nā palena

ʻO ka Glucophage ka mea hilinaʻi nui o nā lāʻau antidiabetic, no ka mea i hōʻoia a palekana a me ka palekana i nā makahiki he nui o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana a me nā noiʻi ʻepekema he nui. Akā, e like me kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau, loaʻa iā ia nā contraindications a me nā palena manawa.

• ʻO ka hāpai ʻana a me ka lactation (ua hoʻohuli ʻia ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka insulin);
• ʻElua mau lā ma mua o nā hana koʻikoʻi a me nā lā ʻelua ma hope o lākou, ua hoʻololi ʻia ke metformin me ka insulin;
• Me nā hoʻohālikelike hoʻohālikelike mua o ka X-ray e hoʻohana ana i nā hōʻailona pili iodine, nā palena like;
• I ka mālama ʻana i nā hōʻeha a me nā puhi ʻokoʻa, ua ʻōlelo ʻia hoʻi kahi hoʻololi iki no ka insulin;
• Hoʻolaha ka naʻau;
• Ka hōʻino ʻole o Renal (CC ma luna o 0.132 a me 0.123 no nā kāne a me ka wahine, ma kēlā me kēia;
• ʻO nā kūlana hoʻoweliweli i ke ola e hoʻonāukiuki i ka hoʻomohalaʻana o ka lactic acidosis;
• I nā keiki liʻiliʻi (a hiki i ka 10 mau makahiki) nā keiki - ʻaʻohe ʻaʻohe palekana o ka palekana a me ka hana kūpono;
• ʻO ka pōʻai hypypororic (ma mua o 1000 kcal / lā) e weliweli e ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ketoacidosis metabolic ma muli o ka acidification o ke kino.

ʻO ka hoʻopiʻi keu (ʻoi aku ka maʻamau, ʻaʻole maʻamau) i loko o ka mālama ʻana me ka metformin ka lactic acidosis. Nā mea penei ke kōkua ʻana i kāna hoʻomohala:

• ʻO nā ala holomua ʻaʻole e ʻae i ka hoʻopau piha ʻana o ka lepo i kahi ala kūlohelohe;
• Alakika a me ke ʻano huakino palu;
• ʻO nā maʻi e hoʻonāukiuki i ka ʻeha ʻana o ka naʻau (palaualelo cardiac, hōʻeuʻeu i ka puʻuwai, nā maʻi ʻeha o ka ʻoihana hanu);
• Dioma ketoacidosis;
• ʻO nā maʻi ʻeha e hoʻonāukiuki i ka dehydration e pili ana me ka maʻi ʻaʻa, ka luaʻi ʻana, a me ka ʻala.

Nā hopena o ke kamaʻilio ʻana me nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe

ʻAʻole i hāʻawi ʻia

Ma ka maikaʻi ʻana o Glucofage, ʻāpā paʻa ka ʻawaʻawa i nā ʻano a pau.

Hoʻopilikia ka pōʻaiapona i ka hopena o ka lactic acidosis, ʻoi aku me nā dysfunctions ate, ka pōloli, ka pōʻino. ʻAʻole hōʻike ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau inu wai.

ʻO ka hoʻokele o Intravenous e hoʻohālikelike i nā kinikona o ka iodine, ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia ma nā haʻawina x-ray, hiki ke hōʻeha i nā pilikia o ke keiki, a, no laila, ka hōʻiliʻili o ka metformin, e hoʻonāukiuki i ka hopena o ka lactatocidosis. Hoʻololi ʻia ka Glucophage i ka insulin 48 mau hola ma mua o ka hoʻokolokolo a me nā hola 48 ma hope. Inā GFR> 60 ml / min / 1,73 sq. m, he mea noiʻi hou aʻe o ke kūlana o nā keiki ua pono.

Nā koi e koi nui ana i ka hoʻohana pono

ʻO kekahi mau lāʻau (sympathomimetics, corticosteroids) hiki ke hoʻonāukiuki i ka hyperglycemia. I ka hoʻomakaʻana o ke papa, mea pono kahi hoʻoponopono o ka Glucofage a me ka mālama mau ʻana i ka glycemia.

Diuretics (ma keʻano, loop) hana i ka kaumaha hou ma luna o nā keiki, a, no laila, e hoʻonāukiuki i ka hoʻomehana lactic acid.

Nā ʻōlelo ʻokoʻa

ʻO ke ʻano maʻi ʻoiʻi lactic kahi kūlana liʻiliʻi akā paʻakikī loa me ka make o ka make nui, ʻo ia hoʻi me ka hoʻokipa ākea. ʻO ka nui o ka metformin i loko o ke kino, ma muli o ka hana kīnā luhi, hoʻonāukiuki i kona kūkulu.

ʻO nā kumu ʻē aʻe ke kumu i ka acidact lactic: kīhāpai i ka ʻōpū ʻana i ka maʻi maʻamau, ʻokiʻawa i ka ʻawaʻawa, ketosis, pathologies hepatic, a me ka hypoxia kiko.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo i ke ʻano e ka maʻi asthenia, nā pōkole o ka hanu, ka hypothermia, nā pilikia o ka gastrointestinal, ka ʻeha o ka epigastric, ka ʻehaʻī o nā pū. Inā ʻaʻole i hoʻokae ʻo Glucofage i nā hopena koʻikoʻi, pono e hōʻike koke ʻia nā loli a pau i ka endocrinologist. A hiki i nā mea e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia, hoʻopaʻi ʻia ka metformin a hoʻomau wale ʻia ma hope o ke ʻano o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ke keiki. ʻO ka maʻi lactic acidosis pōʻino e hōʻeha nui me ka make o ka make, no laila, pono ke mālama ʻia i ka hoʻokipa o ka mea hōʻeha ma ka hoʻomaka mua. Ke kiʻi nei i kahi regimen lapaʻau, pono ke hōʻike i ke kauka i ka maʻi maʻi e pili ana i nā hoʻopiʻi i nā hopena a me nā hōʻailona o ka acidosis lactic.

ʻO ke kumu o ka mālama ʻana me ka metformin no kahi maʻi maʻi maʻi, no laila e nānā mau ʻia ke ʻano o nā pūpū: no nā keiki olakino maikaʻi. - 1 r. / Makahiki, no QC me nā hōʻailona palena no nā waiwai maʻamau a ma ka wā pākeke - 2-4 r. / Makahiki. Inā aia ka CC ma lalo o 45 ml / min., Ua hoʻopau ʻia ka Glucophage. I ka poʻe maʻi ma nā maʻi maʻi, ua emi pinepine ka emi ʻana o ka hana ma ka asymptomatically. Hoʻokomo ka lāʻau antihypertensive, dehydration, diuretics, NSAIDs i ko lākou kūlana. Ma mua o ke koho ʻana iā Glucofage i kēlā mau hihia, pono ia e hoʻomaikaʻi i kahi hoʻokolokolo.

Ma ka maʻamau, mālama i ka metformin i ke ʻano o nā kīʻaha koko, e komo pū ana me ka puʻuwai. Hoʻolako ʻo ke kaila Diabetes Kānāwai i ka hoʻohana ʻana o Glucophage no nā ala cardiac o ka hōʻeha maʻalahi me ka mālama mau ʻana i ke ʻano o ka puʻuwai a me nā puʻuwai. Akā me kahi hoʻohālikelike a me ka hemahema, hoʻomohala i ka ulu ʻana o ka hypoxia, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka glucophage.

I ka manawa e kuhikuhi ʻia ai ʻo Glucophage i nā keiki, pono ke hoʻokumu ʻia a paʻa ka maʻi (type 2 diabetes). ʻAʻole i hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina kula hoʻokahi makahiki i nā hopena maikaʻi loa o ka glucophage ma ka ulu ʻana a me ka puberty o nā keiki. Akā i ka manawa lōʻihi, ʻaʻole i nānā ʻia nā hopena o ka mālama ʻana, no laila pono e nānā pono nā mākua i ke ʻano o nā keiki maʻi maʻi, ʻoi aku ka wā e hoʻohana ai i ka lāʻau lapaʻau e nā ʻōpio.

ʻAʻole hiki i ke Glucophage ke kumu i nā kūlana hypoglycemic i ka wā o ka monotherapy, akā i ka hoʻōla paʻakikī me nā meglitinides, nā lāʻau lapaʻau sulfonylurea a me nā lāʻau antidiabetic e like me kahi ʻano o ka hana ma mua o ka metformin, hoʻoponopono ʻia ka hoʻoponopono ʻana a me ka mālama mau ʻana i ka glycemia.

ʻO ka Glucophage kahi lāʻau lapaʻau antidiabetic koʻikoʻi, akā pono e kōkua ʻia. Ma waho e nānā ʻole i nā loiloi o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa kalapu, nā hana kūlohelohe o kēlā me kēia lā, ka hoʻomohala glycemic, ka noho ʻana o ka naʻau, ka hiamoe a me ka hoʻomaha, 100% uku kōpala ʻaʻole hiki ke helu ʻia.

Hoʻopukū a me ke koʻikoʻi

ʻO ka ʻano o ke ʻano (maʻamau a i ʻole gestational), nā maʻi maʻi maʻamau ʻole i ka wā hāpai a hoʻonui i ka pono o ka hoʻomohala a me ka make o ka perinatal. ʻAʻole hoʻopaʻa i nā haʻawina hoʻokaʻawale i nā kūmeʻe i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻōpū a me ke kūlana o ke olakino, a me ka hopena i ka hānau ʻana a me ka ola o nā pēpē. A eia naʻe, loaʻa i ka hāpai a me ka lactation ka papa inoa o nā contraindications, no laila, aia i ka papa o ka hoʻolālā o ke keiki pono e hoʻololi i ka insulin.

Ua hoʻokūpaʻa ʻia ka metformin i loko o ka waiū umauma, a ʻoiai i loko o nā pēpē, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana, ʻaʻole kēia i manaʻo i ka nui o nā hanana holomua, ʻōlelo ke aʻo ʻana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā pēpē i ka maʻi ʻōlohelohe a me ka maʻi maʻi o ka maʻi hānai. I kekahi hihia, lawe ʻia ka hopena e pono ai nā hopena i loaʻa mai ka metformin a me ka haʻalele ʻana i ka waiū umauma no ke keiki.

Ua ho'āʻo ʻia ka hopena o ka metformin ma ka lāʻau i nā holoholona. I kahi papa o 600 mg / lā. (ʻoi aku ka 3 o kēia ka ʻoi aku ma mua o ka paepae kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻamau, me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka ʻāpana papa o ke kino), ke noho mau nei ka wahine i ka wahine.

Hoʻomaʻo i ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka mīkini a me ka halihali

Me ka monotherapy Glucofage, ka wikiwiki o ka hopena ma ka huila a i ʻole ka nānā ʻana o ka nānā ʻana i kahi hana ʻoweliweli ʻaʻole i loli, no ka mea, ʻaʻole i hoʻonāukiuki ka lāʻau i ka hypoglycemia.

Inā hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Glucofage i loko o ka maʻi paʻakikī, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā lāʻau o ke kahakaha sulfonylurea, insulin, me ka meglitinides hiki ke hana i nā kūlana hypoglycemic, pono e hana ʻia ka akahele i ka wā e hana ana i ke kiʻekiʻe, hoʻokele i nā paʻahana paʻakikī a me ka halihali.

Nā noi noi

Nā pākeke

Me ka monotherapy a i ka hoʻōla paʻakikī ʻana paha me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau hoʻohaʻahaʻa me nā ʻano hana like ʻole ma mua o ka metformin, ʻaʻole eʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻomaka ʻana ma mua o 500-850 mg. Lawe ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka 2-3r. / Lā. me ka ʻai paha. Ma hope oʻelua pule, e loiloi i ka hopena a hoʻoponopono i ke ʻano, ʻae ʻia ana i ka hoʻokē ʻai ʻana a me ke kōpaʻa postprandial.

ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka wai me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke kino e maʻalahi ke hoʻopili hou i nā kūlana hou a hōʻemi i ka hopena o ka hopena o ka ʻaoʻao, ʻoi loa mai ka gastrointestinal tract.

Ke kuhikuhi nei i nāosa kiʻekiʻe, hiki iā ʻoe ke inu i ʻelua 500 mg ma kahi o hoʻokahi papa e kaupaona ana i ka 1000 mg. ʻO ka nui ka nui o kēlā me kēia lā he 3000 mg, ua hoʻolilo ʻia ia i 3 pota.

Ke hoʻololi nei i Glucophage me kahi lāʻau lapaʻau antidiabetic hou aku, ka lāʻau lapaʻau o ka hana ma mua a me ka pae o ka uku glycemic i mālama ʻia i ka wā e helu ana i ka pane.

Inā ʻaʻole lawa ka hiki ʻana o ka Glucofage no ka uku glycemic 100%, hiki i kahi hoʻolālā holoʻokoʻa me ka metformin i hui pū me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka insulin. Me kēia ʻano hana, ʻo ka hopena hoʻomaka e haʻahaʻa loa (500 mg) a i ʻole 850 mg, ʻekolu o ka hoʻohana. Hoʻoponopono ʻia ka maʻi insulin e like me nā heluhelu o ka glucometer, pono e nānā mau ʻia.

Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka Glucophage i nā maʻi maʻi e nānā pono ana i ke ʻano o nā keiki, pono e nānā pinepine ʻia. Me ka hikiʻole o ka renal moderate (CC 45-59 ml / min.) A i ka ʻole o nā mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻonāukiuki i ka acidact lactic acid, mālama ʻia ka metformin i hoʻokahi lā i kahi maʻi o ka 500-850 mg. Ma ka hopena maʻamau i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hiki i ka nui ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hiki i ka 1000 mg / lā, e hoʻolalelale ana iā 2 mau manawa. I kēlā me kēia o 3-6 mahina, ʻike ʻia nā hana hoʻohālikelike.

E na keiki

ʻAʻole ʻoe e kāhāhā i kekahi me ka maʻi o ka maʻi diabetes type 2 i ka wā kamaliʻi a me ka wā'ōpiopio: ka hana kūlohelohe, ke kaumaha, nā dieteta kiʻekiʻe ... ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe e wawahi i nā moʻolelo i kēia. Kuhi ʻia ka ʻōpiopio ʻana i nā keiki mai 10 mau makahiki aku. ʻO ka hoʻomaka hoʻomakaʻana o ka metformin e piʻi i ka 850 mg / lā. Lawe lākou i nā paila he kuleana, he kuleana ko nā mākua e hōʻoia ka lawe ʻana i ke keiki i ka lāʻau i ka manawa like a “hopu ʻia” ka lāʻau me ka ʻaina awakea a i ʻole kakahiaka kakahiaka.

Wahi a nā hopena o kahi hoʻokolohua koko, pono e mālama ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā i ka diary o kahi maʻi maʻi, hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻia ka lāʻau ma ka hapalua mahina. Hoʻonui lākou ia e pale lohi i ka hopena i kūpono ʻole no ka digestive tract. ʻO ka helu kiʻekiʻe ma ka wā kamaliʻi a me nā wā ʻōpio ʻo 2000 mg / lā. me ka mahele o nā papa āpau 2-3 mau manawa.

Nā koho koho overdose

Me ka hoʻohana hoʻokahi o Glucophage i ka nui o 85 g, ʻaʻole i kākau ʻia nā hōʻailona hypoglycemic. I kēlā mau hihia, ulu ka lactic acidosis.ʻO ka nui o ka nui o ka Glucofage dosis a i ʻole ka hopena ʻole me ka hui hypoglycemic e pilikia ana i ka hoʻomohalaʻana i ka acidosis lactic, kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi e koi koke i ka hoʻokipa.

ʻO ke ala e ʻoi loa e wehe ai i ka lactate, ʻo ka hemodialysis.

Nā hopena hopena

ʻO ke kuluola, e like me ka laiki mua loa, no ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā hopena i makemake ʻole ʻia (hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā generics). ʻO nā mea maʻamau ka maʻi maʻamau o nā maʻi dyspeptic, ka leʻaleʻa epigastric, a me nā hana hoʻonāukiuki defecation. Nā hōʻailona like like, ma ke kānāwai, hele kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa ma hope o ke kino e hoʻopili i nā kūlana hou. I kekahi mau hihia, koi ʻia ka haʻalele ʻana i ka lāʻau.

E like me ka helu ʻana o ka WHO, ua loiloi ʻia ka ʻike pinepine ʻana o ke ʻano o nā ʻōpiopio e like me kēia:

• Pā pinepine pinepine -> 0.1;
• Loaʻa - mai 0.01 a i 0.1;
• ʻIkeia, mai 0.001 a i 0,01;
• Nui loa - mai 0.0001 a i ka 0,1101;
• ʻAʻole maopopo - inā ʻaʻole ʻae nā helu i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke alapine o nā hanana.

Hoʻopili i nā kikowaena Glucophage

ʻO Glucophage mai ka mea hana ʻo Merck Sante kahi ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau Farani mua loa. Ma ke kumu kūʻai hiki ke hōʻike ʻia i nā lāʻau lapaʻau kālā. Akā i kekahi mau la (ʻo ka hapai, nā hana koʻikoʻi, nā hōʻeha, ka hemahema o ka hele mai ma ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau) pono ia e hoʻopau.

ʻO Metformin wale nō ka mākeke ma ka hui biguanide, akā ʻo ka mea palaualelo maikaʻi a pōkole loa i ka hale kūʻai mea ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu i ka lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i ka metformin. Aia nā oi aku i kahi keneta o nā kikowaena no Glucofage, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā kauka a me ka maʻi maʻi.

• ʻAinenela Bagomet;
• Kelemania Siofor a me Metfogamma;
• Russian Formethine, Gliformin, Novoformin, Metformin-Richter;
• ʻAi'ōlelo Metformin;
• Israeli Metformin Teva.

ʻO nā mea kiko loa kūpono loa o ka Glucofage o nā mea Kina a me nā mea hana Inikia, akā kūpono ke kūpono o ko lākou maikaʻi. ʻO ke mahele nui, ma ke kumu o ia mau analogues (metformin hydrochloride) e koho ʻia, i hoʻohana pū ʻia me nā lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻano, ʻo Glibomet, Gluconorm, Galvus Met, Yanumet, Amaril M. Inā pono ʻoe e koho i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me kou olakino me ka ʻōpala ponoʻī, e kuhi ʻia i ka Glucofage mua a me ka ʻO ka loiloi Generics, akā ʻo ka ʻōlelo hope loa i ke koho ʻana i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau, e pono mau me ke kauka komo hele.

Hoʻopukaʻana i ke kaumaha

Kūkulu ʻia ka Glucophage e kahi endocrinologist, ʻoiai ke hoʻonui nei i ka naʻau o nā mea ʻāpono o nā pona i ka insulin. I kēia hihia, hoʻohuli ikaika ka hormone i nā glucose i nā ʻōpū no ka pono o ke kino o ke kino, a ʻaʻole i waiho i loko o ka depot, e hoʻohuli i ka momona. Hoʻopili ka papa i ke komo ʻana o ka nui o ka glucose i loko o nā hina, a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke kō. Inā he kūleʻa ka ʻaina ʻai a me ka hemoglobin glycated, a he nui ka nui o ka insulin i loko o ke kino, ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka pale ʻana o ka testosterone.

I kēia hihia, kuhikuhi ʻia ʻo Glucophage. ʻAʻole ia e hoʻopilikia i ka papelona o ka momona, akā, ke kōkua nei i ka hoʻohālikelike i ka glycemia a me ka pae o ka insulin, ke mālama ʻo ia i ka pā ʻana o ka hormone i nā hepatocytes. ʻAʻole piha kahi maʻi maʻi maʻi koko, akā no ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana i ka insulin, a e kōkua pū ana i ka glucophage.

Loaʻa iā ia kekahi mau pono ʻē aʻe, no ka laʻana, ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaia, akā no ka poʻe makemake e hoʻēla me ka hanu me ka Glucofage, he mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo: ʻaʻole i hoʻolālā ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻolilo i ka paona, ʻoiai hiki ke lilo ka momona momona inā ka pilikia, ka mea i hoʻonāukiuki i ka momona, ʻo ia ka pale ʻana o ka insulin, ka metabolic syndrome, gula diabetes type 2. Inā he kumu nui ka nui o ke kaupaona ʻana, pono ʻoe e hele i ka hōʻike genetic, inā paha pilikia ka pilikia kelepaʻi thyroid a i ʻole nā ​​hormon o ka adrenal cortex, a laila ʻo Glucophage kekahi mea kōkua pū kekahi.

Nā Hōʻike Hoʻolaha

E pili ana i nā loiloi Glucofage o ka nalowale ʻana o ke kaupaona a me nā maʻi maʻi kūlike. ʻO ka poʻe i helu i nā papa kaukau me ka liʻiliʻi e hana i kā lākou mau pilikia āpau e hoʻopiʻi nei i ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka metformin. Me kahi hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi, i ka wā e lawe ʻia ai ka lāʻau ma lalo o ka mālama ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau, i lalo o kahi meaʻai haʻahaʻa-kāʻai a me ka hana kino, maikaʻi nā hopena.

ʻO ke Glucophage kahi kūlana gula, nui loa i nā pae a pau o ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes type 2. Eia kekahi, e hōʻemi ʻia e 30% nā hōʻailona o ka make maʻamau a me ka make mai nā hopena o ka maʻi maʻi, e pale ana i nā ʻōkuhi oncological a me cardiovascular. Hoʻopau ka Metformin i ka momona, ke kāpae i ka hopena o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka pauna o ka calorie o ka meaʻai - ke ala maikaʻi e hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola o nā maʻi maʻi maʻi a me ka poʻe olakino maikaʻi.