He aha nā mea maʻi? Ka ʻike ʻana o nā kumu kumu a me nā mea pilikia

ʻO kahi maʻi mellitus ka maʻi maʻi e hele pū ʻia me ka piʻi o ke kōpaʻa gula.

Hōʻike kēia hanana ma muli o ka pau ʻole a ʻāpana paha o ka hana ʻana o ka insulin e ka pancreas kanaka. Hana ʻia kēia hormon e nā ʻāpana kūikawā o kēia ʻano, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo β-cell.

Ma lalo o ka mana o nā mea kūloko a i waho, a i ʻole ke he nui loa o ka hana o kēia mau hoʻolālā. ʻO ia ke kumu i kapa ʻia ʻo ka hemahema o ka insulin, i nā ʻōlelo ʻē aʻe - diabetes mellitus.

E like me kāu e ʻike ai, ʻo ke kumu nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kēia maʻi e hoʻokani ʻia e ka ʻano genetic - ma kahi ʻano kupaianaha koʻikoʻi o nā hihia, ua hoʻoili ʻia ka maʻi mai nā mākua. I mea e maopopo ai i nā kumu kumu o ka maʻi diabetes i ka ʻoihana nui, pono ʻoe e familiarize iā ʻoe iho me ka ʻike i hōʻike ʻia ma kēia ʻatikala.

ʻO ka Etiology a me ka hōʻike ʻōiwi

ʻO ka etiology, ʻo ka maʻi diabetes type 1 ka maʻi hoʻoilina i lawe ʻia e nā mākua mai ke keiki.

He mea nui ia e hoʻomaopopo i ka predisposition genetic e hoʻoholo i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka maʻi wale nō ma ka māhele ʻekolu.

Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻo ka hopena o ka wehe ʻana i kēia maʻi ma ka pēpē i ka wā e hiki mai ana me ka makuahine me ka maʻi diabetes e pili ana iā 3%. Akā me kahi makua kāne maʻi - mai 5 a 7%. Inā hānau kahi keiki me kēia maʻi, a laila ʻo ka hopena o ke ʻimi ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes he 7%.

Hiki ke loaʻa iā ia kekahi a i ʻole he mau māka humoral nā mākaʻi o ka pancreatic i loko o ka 87% o nā maʻi āpau endocrinologists:

• nā antibodies e ka glutamate decarboxylase (GAD);
• nā antibodies i ka phosphatase tyrosine (IA-2 a me IA-2 beta).

Me kēia mau mea āpau, hāʻawi ʻia ka mea nui i ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā β-cell i nā mea i loaʻa i ka pale kelepona. He mea nui ia e hoʻomaopopo e pili pinepine ana ka maʻi kalaiwa i nā hoʻonaninani maʻi HLA e like me DQA a me DQB.

E like me ke kānāwai, ua hoʻohui pū ʻia ke ʻano o nā maʻi e like me nā maʻi endocrine autoimmune. No ka laʻana, hoʻohui lākou i ka maʻi a Addison, me ka autoidmune thyroiditis.

ʻAʻole i hāʻawi i ka hana hope i nā kumu non-endocrine:

• vitiligo;
• nā maʻi pathological o ke ʻano rheumatic;
• alopecia;
• ʻO nā maʻi a Crohn.

Ma ke kānāwai, ke hōʻike nei ke kiʻi haumania o ka maʻi diabetes i nā ala ʻelua. ʻO kēia no ka nele o ka hormone pancreatic i ka mea maʻi. A ʻo ia, e like me kāu e ʻike ai, hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia a pili paha.

ʻO ka hemahema o kēia mea hoʻonāukiuki i ke ʻano o ke kāhea ʻia o ka ʻāina decompensation a me nā ʻano like ʻole o ka metabolism. Hoʻopili ʻia kēia ʻano me nā hōʻailona i haʻi ʻia, e like me: ka wikiwiki o ka momona kaumaha, ke koko nui o ke koko, glucosuria, polyuria, polydipsia, ketoacidosis a hiki i ka comic coma.

ʻO ka hemahema o ka hormone pancreatic i loko o ke koko i ke kuana ʻana o kahi subcompensated a me ka hoʻopaʻi ʻia o ka maʻi ma ka nīnau e kū i ka manawa like me nā hōʻailona ākea, ua hōʻike ʻia e like me ka maʻi diabetes diabetes. Kūkulu ʻia ia e ka microangiopathy diabetes, a me nā maʻi metabolic, kahi ʻano o ka ʻano o ke ʻano o ka maʻi.

Me ka nele o nā mea e loaʻa ai ka maʻi diabetes?

E like me ka nui o ka poʻe i ʻike, ʻo ka maʻi nui e nīnau ʻia nei ma muli o ka lawa ʻole o ka hana ʻana o ka hormone pancreatic i kapa ʻia ʻo insulin.

I kēia hihia, ma kahi o 20% o nā nui o nā koena e waiho nei e hiki ke hana me nā hana ʻole. Akā no ka maʻi o ka lua, ke ulu wale ia inā ke hoʻopilikia ʻia ka mana o ka hormone o ka pancreas.

Ma kēia hihia, ulu kahi kūlana i kapa ʻia ʻo ke kūʻē o ka insulin. Hōʻike ʻia kēia maʻi ma ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he nui ka nui o ka inanā i loko o ke koko, akā naʻe hana ʻole ʻia ma ke kiko.

ʻO kēia ma muli o ka nalowale o ke nānāʻana e nā hana pili. I kahi kūlana e nele loa ka nui o ka hormone o ka pancreas i ke koko, ʻaʻole hiki i ke gula ke komo piha i loko o nā papa hana.

Ma muli o ka hiki mai o nā ala e hoʻokaʻawale i nā maʻi glucose i nā kiko, kahi hōʻuluʻulu lohi o ka sorbitol a me ka hemoglobin glycated. E like me ʻoe e ʻike ai, hoʻonāukiuki pinepine ka sorbitol i ka ʻano o kahi maʻi e like me nā mea o nā io o ka ʻōnaehana ʻike like me ka cataract. Eia kekahi, ma muli o ia, ke ʻano nui nei ka hana o nā kīʻaha koko liʻiliʻi (nā capillaries), a ua ʻike ʻia kahi nui o ka ʻōnaehana.

ʻO kēia ka mea e hōʻemi ai i ka mea maʻi i nā nāwaliwali nui o nā hana ʻōiwi, me ka hana pūpū o ka puʻuwai a me nā māla.

Ma muli o ka hoʻonui nui o ka lipid oxidation a me ka hōʻiliʻili o nā toxins, ʻike nui ka hōʻeha nui o nā moku koko.

I ka hopena, hoʻonui ke kino i nā manaʻo o nā kino ketone, ʻo ia nā huahana metabolic.

ʻO nā hopena o ka hoʻonā kino

Pono e hoʻoluhi ʻia e pili ana ka maʻi o ka maʻi viral i ka luku ʻana i nā hana hoʻolaʻa o ka pancreas, ma muli o ka hana pono ʻana o ka insulin.

I waena o nā maʻi e hoʻōki ai i ka pancreas, hiki i kekahi ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻōpala viral, rubella, hepatitis viral, a me ka wao hoʻi.

ʻO kekahi o kēia mau maʻi he pili nui loa no ka pancreas, a i ʻole, he kikoola kūloko. Ma ka piliʻana ua ʻike ʻia ka hiki i kahi mea e pili ai i kekahi. Ma muli o kēia hiki i ka hiki ke hoʻokumu i kahi mea hou i hiki mai ka mālamalama.

I ke kūlana o ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo nā maʻi hopohopo a me nā hana hoʻolika o ka pancreas, ua wehewehe ʻia ke ʻano o kahi hoʻopiʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo ka maʻi mellitus. I waena o nā poʻe maʻi i loaʻa i ka rubella, he piʻi ka mea i ulu i ka maʻi i nīnau ʻia e ka awelika ma kahi o ka hapaha.

Hiki i ka heredity ke hōʻeha i nā maʻi?

Hoʻomaopopo pinepine ʻia nā maʻi endocrine i nā manawa pinepine i kēlā mau mea maʻi i loaʻa i nā ʻohana pili me kēia maʻi.

I nā hihia o nā pakanui o ka pelekikena o nā pahuhopu i nā mākua ʻelua, ʻo ka hopena o ka maʻi maʻi i ka pēpē i kā lākou pēpē i ko lākou ola i kahi o 100%.

Inā loaʻa ka maʻi makuahine a makua paha paha, pili ka 50%. Akā inā he kaikunāne kāne lā paha ke keiki me kēia maʻi, a ʻo ka hopena, e maʻi ʻo ia me ka mea e pili ana iā 25%.

I waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻike ʻia nā hihia o ka hoʻoili ʻia ʻana o ka maʻi mellitus, i ka manawa i kū ʻia ai ka maʻi i loko o nā māhoe wale nō. Akā ua kū ka maikaʻi o ke keiki ʻelua i kona ola.

Mai kēia ʻike, hiki ke koho ʻia i nā mea predisposing ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka hopena hope loa e loaʻa i kahi kanaka i ke ʻano o mua o ka maʻi. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, inā ʻaʻole wale ʻoe e loaʻa i ka maʻi maʻamau o kekahi ʻano maʻi.

ʻO nā maʻi āpau ma kahi ʻoihana

He helu nui o nā noiʻina ʻenehana i ka pale ʻana i ka insulin a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka nui o ke kaupaona ʻana.

Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia haʻiʻōlelo ma kekahi mau ʻano i hoʻoili ʻia e nā keiki.

Kāhea kekahi poʻe loea i nā huaʻehā, nāna e hoʻopili i ka hōʻiliʻili o nā paona keu. E like me kā mākou e ʻike ai, ʻike ke kino o ke kanaka, ka mea i loaʻa i ke kaumaha nui, ua kāʻai ʻia me ka nui o nā mea hoʻonaninani kalepa i loko o ka manawa manawa a lākou e komo ai i loko o ka nui.

ʻO ia ke kumu e hoʻonui mālie ai ka loaʻa o ka suka i loko o ka kō koko koko. Hiki i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana mai kēia mau ʻike, ua pili pono kēia maʻi o kahi ʻano endocrine a me ka obesity e pili ana kekahi i kekahi.

ʻOi aku ka koʻikoʻi o ka pae o ka momona, ʻoi aku ka pale a me ka ulu ʻana o nā cellular i ka hormone pancreatic. Ma hope aku, hoʻomaka kēia kino e hana i ka insulin i ka nui o ka hoʻonui. A ʻo kēia, ma hope aku, ke alakaʻi nei i kahi hōʻiliʻili nui o ka momona o ke kino.

ʻO nā meaʻai kākā nui

Pono e hoʻolilo i nā olena e kōkua i ke kino e hōʻiliʻili i ka momona nui e hoʻonāukiuki i ka hōʻike ʻana o ka nui o ka serotonin. ʻO kona ʻeha ʻeha e alakaʻi ana i kahi ʻano luhi o ke kaumaha, ka ʻeha a me ka pōloli mau.

ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka meaʻai me nā mea lae kālai ʻia e hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i kahi manawa like ʻole i kēlā mau hōʻailona. Ma hope aku, hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka hana o ka insulin, hiki ke hoʻoneʻe i ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes.

Kēia mea hiki ke hele lohi ia i ka nui momona loa a me ke ʻano o ka maʻi endocrine i nīnau ʻia.

• hoʻoikaika kino;
• pono ʻole a kūpono ʻole i ka meaʻai;
• hana hōʻino i ka waiū a me ka hoʻāla kālā;
• nā hewa kīwī i nā hana o nā ʻōnaehana endocrine;
• ke komo kai ʻaina ʻole;
• nāwaliwali ʻole;
• hiki i kekahi mau lāʻau psychotropic ke hoʻonāukiuki i kekahi aʻe o nā pauna hou.

ʻO kekahi mau maʻi e hoʻonāukiuki i ke ʻano o ke maʻi maʻi

Autoimmune thyroiditis, lupus erythematosus, hepatitis, glomerulonephritis a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i hōʻike ʻia i waena o nā maʻi i hoʻonāukiuki i ka maʻi maʻi.

Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻo ia ka hana hewa ʻana i ka hoʻopili ʻia ʻana o nā mea laʻa, e like me ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi, i hana ʻia e ka hoʻopiʻi koʻikoʻi.

Hōʻike ʻia ka maʻi ma muli o ka luku wikiwiki ʻana o nā ʻōnaehana o ka maʻi pihi o ke kanaka. Ma muli o lākou, e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia, hoʻokō ʻia ka hana insulin. He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo e wehewehe ʻia kēia luku ʻia e ka hopena o nā hana palekana i ke kino.

Nā manaʻo kaumaha

ʻIke ʻia ke koʻikoʻi a me kona hopena i ke kino he kumu koʻikoʻi ia e hoʻonāukiuki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi diabetes. He mea kūpono ke ho'āʻo e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou mai kou ola.

Makau

ʻO ka makahiki, ʻoiai ʻoe e ʻike, ke pili pū nei nō hoʻi i waena o nā mea i hoʻonāukiuki ai i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi i nīnau ʻia.

Wahi a nā helu helu, ʻo ka muli loa i ka mea maʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka maʻi.

Pono e hōʻike ʻia me ka makahiki, he predisposition genetic kekahi o nā mea e hoʻopili ai i ke ʻano o kahi maʻi maʻi nalowale i kona pili pono ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes.

Akā ʻo ka hele ʻana aku o nā mea kaupaona nui, ma kahi ʻē aʻe, me he mea laʻa e hoʻoweliweli ʻia. ʻOi paha paha kēia pilikia endocrine i loko o ka poʻe nāwaliwali nāwaliwali.

ʻO nā mea penei i unuhi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes i nā keiki penei:

• ke ʻano o kahi pēpē i nā mākua me ka minamina o ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi o ka hāmeʻa;
• ua hoʻohuli ʻia nā maʻi maʻi maʻi;
• maʻi kīnā;
• i ka wā hānau, lilo ka paona o ke pēpē mai 5 kg a i ʻole;
• nāwaliwali o nā hana palekana o ke kino.

I ka wā hāpai

Hiki i kēia kumu ke kumu i ka maʻi diabetes.

Inā ʻaʻole lawe ʻia nā ala kūpono e pale aku a mālama ʻia, a laila ʻaʻole hiki ke pale ʻia nā pilikia.

Ke hali wale nei i kahi kui keiki ʻaʻole hiki ke kumu o kēia maʻi endocrine. Akā hiki i ka pōʻino a me ka moʻomeheu ke hoʻopilikia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kēia maʻi.

Nā wikiō pili

ʻEono kumu kumu o ka maʻi diabetes i nā wikiō:

ʻ tellslelo kēia ʻatikala iā mākou he maʻi pōpilikia ka maʻi maʻi i hiki ke loaʻa no nā kumu he nui. I mea e hoʻokaʻawale ʻole i kona helehelena, e aʻo ʻia e ʻai pololei, alakaʻi i kahi ʻano hana, pāʻani ʻōpio a hoʻoikaika i ka ʻōnaehana pale. I ka wā hāpai, pono ʻoe e hana i nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa kūikawā.