ʻO Simgal kahi lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i ka hui o lipid-lowing, ʻo ia hoʻi, e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ana i ka cholesterol. Loaʻa ia i ke ʻano o nā papa nāpa pinkish, convex ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua, a i loko o kahi membrane kiʻi. ʻO ke ʻano nui o Simgal kahi simvastatin, kahi hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia ai ka pili ka lāʻau i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau i kapa ʻia nā statins. ʻOkoʻa nā ka palena o ka lāʻau lapaʻau - 10, 20 a 40 milligrams.
I ka hoʻohui no simvastatin, loaʻa nō iā Simgal nā mea hou aʻe e like me ka ascorbic acid (vitamin C), akā butyl hydroxyanisole, pregelatinized starch, citric acid monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose a lactose monohidrat.
ʻO ka pulupulu iho i loko o kahi ʻula ʻulaʻula, a, ʻo ia hoʻi, he polyvinyl ka ʻona, titanium dioxide, refined talc, lecithin, red oxide, yellow oxide and indigo carmine based alumins varnish.
ʻO ke kumu o pharmacodynamics Simgala
ʻO ka pharmacodynamics ka hopena i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma ke kino o ke kanaka. ʻO Simgal e kona ʻano biochemical he anticholesterolemic - ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa nei i ka neʻe o ka kolamu "kino", ke waiho koke ʻia nei ma nā paia o nā ʻalihi a hana i nā pōkole kolesterol. E like me kāu e ʻike ai, hoʻomaka ka atherosclerosis i ke wā ʻōpiopio, a no laila he mea pono e hoʻomalu i nā pae kolamu i kēia manawa.
ʻO Simgal kahi mea pale i kahi kaomi i kapa ʻia HMG-CoA reductase. Inā wehewehe i ka kikoʻī iki, ke pale nei i ka hana a kēia enzyme me ka hiki. HMG-CoA reductase pili i ka hoʻololi o HMG-CoA (hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A) i ka mevalonate (mevalonic acid). ʻO kēia ʻano hana ka pilina mua a koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka cholesterol. Akā, hoʻololi ʻia ka HMG-CoA i ka acetyl-CoA (acetyl coenzyme A), i komo i loko o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻohe mea nui o nā kaʻina hana i ko mākou kino.
Loaʻa iā Simgal ma ka hana maoli me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi pua Aspergillus kūikawā (i ka Latin, ka inoa maoli ʻo Aspergillusterreus). Hoʻohui ʻia ʻo Aspergillus ma kahi pānaʻi kūikawā lapaʻau, ma muli o nā hopena hopena e kūkulu ʻia ai nā huahana. Mai kēia mau huahana hopena ke loaʻa ka lāʻau lapaʻau i synthetically i loaʻa.
Ua ʻike ʻia ma ke kino o ke kanaka aia kekahi mau ʻano o ka lipids (nā ʻōpala). ʻO kēia kolamu e pili pū ana me nā lipoproteins haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a haʻahaʻa loa a kiʻekiʻe, nā triglycerides a me nā chylomicrons. ʻO ka mea paʻakikī loa e pili pū ana me ka lipoproteins haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ua kapa ʻia ʻo "he maikaʻi ʻole", ʻoiai e pili pū ana me nā lipoproteins density kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ia ka "maikaʻi". Kōkua ʻo Simgal i nā haʻahaʻa triglycerides koko, a me ka kolala e pili pū ana me nā lipoproteins density haʻahaʻa loa. Eia kekahi, hoʻonui i ke kao o ka kolamu e pili ana me ka lipoproteins density kiʻekiʻe.
E ʻike ʻia ka hopena mua ʻelua ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻohana ʻana iā Simgal, hōʻike ʻia ka hopena kiʻekiʻe ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina.
No ka hoʻomau i ka hopena i loaʻa, pono e lawe ʻia ka lāʻau e hoʻomau, no ka mea ke hoʻopau ʻia ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana, e hoʻi hou ka pae kolamu i nā kiʻi mua.
Nā loina o ka Pharmacokinetics
ʻO ka Pharmacokinetics kēlā mau loli e kū mai i ke kino me ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Hoʻomoʻa maikaʻi ʻia ʻo Simgal i loko o loko o ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi.
ʻO ka ʻike kiʻekiʻe loa o ka lāʻau lapaʻau e nānā ʻia ma hope o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa iʻelua mau hola ma hope o kona hoʻohana ʻia ʻana, akā naʻe, ma hope o 12 mau hola mai ka hoʻomaka mua ʻana, 10 mau koena e koe.
Noho paʻa loa, hele mai ka lāʻau pili me ka protein plasma (ma kahi o 95%). ʻO ka hoʻololi nui ʻO Simgal e hōʻalo i loko o ka ate. Ma laila, ili ia i ka hydrolysis (hoʻohui pū ʻana me nā molekawai wai), ka hopena o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka beta-hydroxymetabolites ikaika, a me kekahi mau pūmala like ʻole ma kahi ʻano hana ʻole. ʻO ia nā metabolites ikaika e loaʻa ai ka hopena nui o Simgal.
ʻO ka hapalua o ke ola o ka lāʻau (ka manawa e hoʻokaʻawale ai ka ʻike o ka lāʻau i loko o ke koko e like me ka manawa ʻelua) ma kahi o ʻelua mau hola.
Hana ʻia ʻo ia (i.e. elimination) me ka feces, a he ʻāpana liʻiliʻi hoʻi kahi i hoʻopili ʻia e nā ʻōpū ma kahi ʻano hana.
Nā hōʻailona a me nā contraindications no ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau
Hoʻohana wale ʻia Simgal e like me ka mea i kauoha ʻia e kāu kauka.
Ma ke kaʻina hana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, pono e nānā pono nā ʻōlelo a ke kauka a ke kauka no ka hoʻohana ʻana.
Kuhi pinepine ʻia e like me nā hoʻokolohua hōʻike, ma ka hanana ʻoi aku ka kolamu ma mua o ka maʻamau (2.8 - 5.2 mmol / l).
Hōʻike ʻia ʻo Simgal i nā hihia hou aʻe:
- Ma ka hihia o ka hypercholesterolemia mua o ka ʻano lua, ma ka hihia inā i ʻai ʻia kahi kīpoki me kahi liʻiliʻi o ka kolamu i hui pū ʻia me nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa maʻamau a me ke kaupaona ʻana i hoʻololi ʻia i hana ʻole ʻia, he mea koʻikoʻi ia no ka poʻe maʻi e hoʻomohala hou ana i ka atherosclerosis o ka lāʻau coronary.
- Me ka hypercholesterolemia a me ka hypertriglyceridemia, ʻaʻole e hiki ke hoʻonā i ka lāʻau me ka ʻaina a me ka hoʻōla.
I ka maʻi naʻau coronary (CHD), ua kuhikuhi ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau e pale i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka infocction myocardial (necrosis o ka puʻuwai puʻuwai); hoʻemi i ka hopena o ka make hiki ke make; hoʻolohi nei i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ke kaʻina o ka atherosclerosis; ka hoʻemi ʻana o ka hōʻeha o nā hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka wā o nā manamana ʻana o ka revascularization (hoʻihoʻi hou o ka kahe koko maʻamau i loko o nā moku);
I ka maʻi cerebrovascular, kahi lāʻau e hoʻolaʻa ʻia no nā ʻeha a i ʻole ka palaualelo i hōʻeha ʻia o ka cerebral circulation (hōʻeha i ka lele ischemic).
Nā pālua:
- ʻO ka pancreatitis Biliary a me nā maʻiʻeha ʻē aʻe i kahi kūponoʻole.
- ʻO ka mea nui o nā hōʻailona o nā hoʻokolohua o ka naʻau me ke kumu ʻole.
- ʻO ka wā hāpai a me ka lactation.
- Menika.
- ʻO ka mōʻaukala o nā hopena kūloko i ka simvastatin a i ʻole nā mea ʻē aʻe o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, a i nā mea ola ʻē aʻe i pili ʻia i ka hui pharmacological o statins (alergi i ka lactose, ka nele o ka lactase, pale ʻole i nā poʻe HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors).
Me ka makaʻala nui, pono ke kuhikuhi o Simgal i kēlā mau hihia:
- hoʻomāinoʻā i ka ʻawaʻawa ʻawa;
- nā mea maʻi e holo hou nei i kahi hōʻiliʻili o kahi mea maʻi, ma muli o kahi e koi ʻia ana e lawe i nā immunosuppressants no kahi manawa lōʻihi;
- e hoʻokaʻawale ana i ke koko (hypotension);
- nā maʻi ʻino, nui loa ka paʻakikī;
- kinehu a me ka huapalapala hormonal;
- ke kūlike ʻole o ka wai a me ke kaulike electrolyte;
- nā hana koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi a i ʻole nā hōʻeha traumatic;
- myasthenia gravis - nāwaliwali o ka ʻiʻo holomua;
Pono ka ʻōlelo mālama koʻikoʻi ke koho ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau i ka poʻe maʻi me ka epilepsy.
Nā ʻōkuhi no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau
Hoʻomaka wale ʻia ka hoʻohana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma hope o ka loiloi loiloi i kāna mau ʻōlelo (annotation). Ma mua o kona hoʻohana pono ʻia, pono ia e kuhikuhi i kahi pākeke kūʻokoʻa i ka mea maʻi, e kōkua ana i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka pae o ka "kino" kolamu ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki. Pono ke hahai ʻia kēia meaʻai ma ka papa holo o ke ʻano.
ʻO ka hoʻoponopono maʻamau no ka lawe ʻana iā Simgal i hoʻokahi lā i ka wā e moe ai, no ka mea, ʻo ia ka pō, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka cholesterol nui, a e hoʻomau ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i kēia manawa. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka lawe ʻana ma mua o ʻole ma hope o ka ʻaina, akā ʻaʻole i ka wā o ka wā, ʻoiai hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale kēia i ka metabolism o ka lāʻau.
Ma ka lāʻau lapaʻau e kuhikuhi ana i ka hoʻemi ʻana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hypercholesterolemia, hōʻike ʻia ʻo Sigmal e lawe ʻia i loko o kahi waihona o 10 mg ka 80 mg hoʻokahi pō ma kahi pō ma mua o ka hiamoe. E hoʻomaka maoli me 10 mg. ʻO ka helu ʻeha loa i kēlā me kēia lā he 80 mg. He mea kūpono ke hoʻoponopono i ka dosage i loko o nā wiki mua ʻehā mai ka hoʻomaka o ka mālama ʻana. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea maʻi e lawe i nā dosis a hiki i 20 mg.
Me ka maʻi like ʻole e like me ka homozygous hereditary hypercholesterolemia, maikaʻi loa ke kuhikuhi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma kahi o ka nui o 40 mg i kēlā me kēia pō a i ʻole 80 mg i kahele ʻia i ʻekolu mau manawa - 20 mg i ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi, a 40 mg i ka pō.
No nā mea maʻi e loaʻa ana i ka maʻi naʻau coronary a he nui paha ka pākiki o ka hoʻoulu ʻana, ka pānaʻi o 20 a 40 mg i kēlā me kēia lā he maikaʻi loa.
Inā loaʻa nā mea maʻi i ka manawa like ʻo Verapamil a i ʻole Amiodarone (nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ke koko koko kiʻekiʻe a me ka arrhythmias), a laila pono ka nui o kēlā me kēia lā o Simgal ma mua o 20 mg.
Nā hopena hopena o Simgal
Hiki i ka hoʻohana ʻana o Simgal ke hoʻonāukiuki i nā hiʻohiʻona o nā hopena he nui i ke kino.
ʻO nā hopena hopena āpau mai ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau e wehewehe pono ʻia me nā kuhikuhi no ka hoʻohana pili ʻana i ka lāʻau.
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā hopena ʻokoʻa o ka lāʻau mai nā ʻōnaehana like ʻole.
- Pūnaehana Digestive: ʻeha i loko o ka ʻōpū, ka manaʻo i ka nausea, ka luaʻi, ka hoʻopuka hemahema, nā hana ʻōwili i ka pancreas a me ka palu, ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka makeke, ka nui o nā ʻoka hana hana, nā luaʻiokokinase a me ka alkatine phosphatase;
- Nā kikowaena waena a me ka peripheral system: asthenia, nā ʻeha, ka hiamoe hiamoe, dizziness, tactile sensitivity disorder, nerve pathology, emi ka ʻike, ʻono hoʻoweliweli;
- Pūnaehana musculoskeletal: nā mākaʻi o ka ʻōnaehana o ka muscular, nā mākeke, nā ʻeha o ka naʻau, ke ʻano o ka nāwaliwali, ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā mea a nā mākina o ka mus (rhabdomyolysis);
- ʻŌnaehana urinary: kaulike ʻole o ka renal;
- Pūnaehana koko: hoʻemi i loko o ka platelet, cell cell red a me nā pae hemoglobin;
- Nā hōʻike maʻi: ka huehue, hoʻonui ʻia i ka loli sedimentation o nā ʻōpū koko ʻulaʻula, eosinophils, urticaria, ʻulaʻulaʻula o ka ʻili, ka huehue, ka hopena pāheʻe;
- Hoʻopuka i nā ʻili: hypersensitivity i ka mālamalama, rashes i ka ʻili, kaʻili, ka palupalu focal, dermatomyositis;
- ʻO kekahi: wikiwiki wikiwiki a me ka puʻuwai puʻuwai, hōʻemi i ka libido.
Hiki ke kūʻai ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau me ka loaʻa ʻole o ke kauka. ʻO ka uku haʻahaʻa loa mai nā mea hana hale iʻoi aku ma mua o 200 rubles. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kauoha pū i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma ka Pūnaewele me ka hāʻawi ʻana i kahi pākeke makemake i ʻole a i ʻole ka home. Nui nā hui (hoʻololi) o Simgal: Lovastatin, Rosuvastatin, Torvakard, Akorta. ʻO nā loiloi maʻi maʻi e pili ana iā Simgal, he nui ka maikaʻi.
E haʻi nā loea i nā statins i loko o kahi wikiō ma kēia ʻatikala.
