ʻO ka nui a me ka pancreas (pancreas) he hana nui nā papa parenchymal o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, ke kuleana no kahi papa inoa o nā hana o ke kino.
Ma muli o kāna hana hana koʻikoʻi nui, pane nā ʻikepili i ka nui o nā kaʻina hololi: nāwīwī, necrosis, autolysis, deformation. I waena o nā maʻi like ʻole, akā, nā maʻi maʻamau, hepatomegaly a hoʻohālikelike i nā loli i ke akeʻa a me nā pancreas.
Hōʻike ʻia kahi maʻi like e ka poʻe maʻi ma hope o ka nānā ʻana i ka ultrasound e nā ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, akā ʻaʻole naʻe kēia e hōʻike i kahi kulekele kulekele.
He nui nā kumu no kēia ʻano o ka papaʻaina. Hoʻomaka mai nā hana hōʻino o ka umauma bile maʻamau a hoʻopau me kahi kaʻe o ka metabolism glucose.
Kaomi a me ka physiology o ke akea a me ka pancreas
ʻO ka nui ka mea he nui, ʻaʻole hoʻolimalima, nā mea parenchymal e hana ana i kahi o nā hana. Aia ia ma ka ʻōpū kūpono. Hoʻopili ʻia me ka pā o lalo o ka diaphragm, 12 perth peupae, pancreas, ʻōpū a me nā ʻōpū kūpono.
Aia ka pūloi i nā lehelehele hema a me ka hema e pili ana i kahi ligament. He nui nā pūnaewele vascular me ka nui o ka hoʻokahe koko.
ʻIke ʻia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, nā hana koʻikoʻi o kahi mea maʻi:
- Hoʻolālā. I nā hepatocytes (nā pūpū hoʻonaʻauao ikaika), hoʻohuihui ʻia ka bile, i pili i ka hoʻowalewale ʻana o nā momona.
- Pūnaewele-Protein-synthetic. Ua ʻike ʻia kekahi poʻe liʻiliʻi, akā ua kālai ʻia i loko o ka palupalu o ka piha holoʻokoʻa, me ka ʻole o ke kino o ke kanaka ʻaʻole i ola i kahi lā. Hoʻopili kēia ma ka albumin, globulins a me nā protein i pili i ka hoʻopili a me ka ʻōnaehana anticoagulation o ke koko.
- Na ka hana filtration ke kuleana no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ke koko mai nā wahi hoʻonā olakino o nā sela o ke kino.
Me nā loli o ka pathological i loko o ke ʻano o ke akea, hele ʻia nā hana hewa, ka mea e hele ai i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi o ke kino.
ʻO ka papa pancreas he nui, ʻaʻole uku, ka mea parenchymal organ organitor i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū.
Hoʻokumu ʻia kona ʻili ma nā ʻāpana ikaika hana - pancreatocytes. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka pancreas e noho ʻia e ka pūnaewele excretory. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻo ka hormon e kuleana no ka ʻakiʻoki i nā protein a me kā ka mea i kālai ʻia i hoʻoliʻi ʻia ma loko ona. Aia ma ka mahele exocrine i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ka "pancreatic juice".
ʻO ka ʻāpana endocrine o ka pancreas i hōʻike ʻia e nā mokupuni o Langerhans. Kuhi lākou i kahi nui o nā hormones i kuleana no ka metaboleka kūpaʻa o ke koko. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ia ka insulin a me ka glucagon, nāna e hoʻoponopono i ka hana metabolism.
Me nā loli pathological i loko o ke kino, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale a me nā maʻi endocrine.
ʻO Etiology o ka hoʻomohalaʻana o ka maʻi
ʻO ka mea nui a me ka nui o ka maʻi a me nā pancreas he nui ke ʻano o nā maʻi.
Hoʻopilikia ka naʻau a me ka pancreas he hōʻike maʻamau o ka hopena o ka hopena o ka kū o waho a me kekahi mau mea kūlohelohe i ka hana o nā huina.
ʻO nā kumu maʻamau maʻamau o ka nānā kino o ka maʻi:
- ka hopena o nā toxins e hele mai mai waho a i ʻole ʻili ʻia i loko, ʻo ia mau mea e komo: ka waiʻona, ka uahi ʻana, ka hōʻila ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, overdose o nā lāʻau me ka hopena hepatotoxic, ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes a me nā maʻi metabolic ʻē aʻe;
- ʻologieslelo pūpū ka pili o ka parenchyma o ke kino he hōʻailona maʻamau o ka hepatitis viral, ʻoi aku, hepatomegaly alakaʻi i ka mononucleosis viral i kumu o ka maʻi Epstein-Barr a me ka cytomegalovirus, malaria, leptospirosis, pseudotuberculosis a me nā mea ʻē aʻe;
- ka hopena o ka metabola: nā amyloidosis systemic, maʻi ʻo Wilson-Konovalov, kahi maʻi Gaucher, Cartagener syndrome;
- maʻi o ka puʻuwai a me ke maʻi - neʻe ʻana i nā maʻi coronary syndrome, hoʻonui i ke kaomi i ka kaomi pulmonary, aneurysms, vasculitis, varicose veins;
- nā maʻi oncological a me hematological - ka maʻi lohi a me ka maʻi lohi, lymphogranulomatosis, lymphomas, hepatocarcinoma, pancreatic cancer, kidney cancer;
- nā puʻuwai ʻē aʻe - lip liposis, ate luhi, amyloid dystrophy, precirrhotic state, metastases o nā mea ʻē aʻe o ka ʻāʻī, pancreatitis.
ʻO kēia mau kalaka, he ʻano maʻamau ka hepatosplenomegaly, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka ulu ʻana ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o ka ate, akā i ka spleen hoʻi.
Nā hōʻailona ʻuhane o ka maʻi
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona hōʻailona o ka hepatomegaly a hoʻohālikelike i nā loli, he waiwai ia i kona nui.
He mea paʻakikī ke hoʻokō i nā diagnostics hopena ʻoi aku no kahi kauka me kahi ʻike nui.
ʻO ka pinepine, ʻo nā mea maʻi e hele mai i ke kauka me kahi ʻano pēpē e hōʻike nui ana i nā hoʻopiʻi kūʻokoʻa.
ʻO kēia mau hoʻopiʻi ka:
- Lūlū. ʻO ka pinepine, ma muli o ka nui o ka nui o ka ate, kūleʻa ka pā o ka ʻōpū. Hāʻawi kēia i kahi kiko o ka ʻōpū nui. Akā ʻo ke kauka, ʻo ke ʻano o ke kōkua palpation a me ka percussion, hiki ke hoʻoholo i ka ulu ulu ʻana o kekahi nui o ka maʻi parenchymal no kēlā ʻano ʻōpū.
- ʻEha a ʻoluʻolu ʻole ai ka hema ma lalo o ka iwi kiko. Hoʻopili ʻia kēlā mau ʻano like me ke kahe ʻana o kahi kapala o ke kolo, he waiwai ia i nā pili o ke nerve, i ka manawa, hiki i kēlā mau manaʻo ke ʻano ma muli o ke koi ʻana o ka papa humuhumu.
- ʻO ka ʻeha, kahi hou, he hopena ia o ka kaʻe ikaika ʻana o ka capsule organ fibrous. ʻO ka ʻeha kahi hanana prognostically unsavorable, kahi e hōʻike nei i ka mālamaʻole i ke kaʻina hana.
- ʻO ke kanu kuʻekuʻe a me nā pālahalaha kahi hōʻike i ka maʻi dyspeptic, e ulu ana ma muli o ka nele o ka enzyme.
- ʻO ka pualoaʻi a me ka luaʻi ʻana ke lilo a i ʻole ke kikowaena a i ʻole peripheral origin. ʻO ke ʻano waena paha kahi hōʻike o nā hopena o nā enzyme o ka ate a me ka pigment ma ka lolo. ʻO kēia ʻano o ka lua a me ke ʻano nausea e ʻike ʻia i kahi ʻano profuse, indomitable. Hoʻololi ʻia ka maʻi pā peripheral me nā maʻi o ka kūloko kūloko, maʻamau ʻo ia ka hōʻeha ʻana i ka luaʻi a me ka nausea.
- Laki ʻaʻano. Hiki i ke ʻano o ka ʻili o ke kino a me ka maʻi hepatomegaly a ʻokoʻa loa. Hoʻohui me ka maʻi maʻi, constipation, discoloration, consistency.
- Pākuʻina kaila hepatic kikoʻī me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā maʻi o ka i nā mea o ke kō.
Eia kekahi, ke hopohopo nei ke kūlana maʻamau o ka mea maʻi. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka poʻe maʻi i ka hiamoe, kahi manaʻo mau i ka hana nui, nā mea hoʻomanaʻo ʻole a me ka nānā pono ʻana.
ʻO nā syndromes hepatomegaly kikoʻī
Aia kekahi mau hōʻailona kūpono loa no ka maʻi o ke ake.
He hue iʻe o ka ʻili a ʻike i nā membrane mucous. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, he ʻāpana icteric. Pili pū kēia hōʻailona pili i ka ʻike kiʻekiʻe o ka pigment bilirubin i ke koko. A hue icteric hue e kuhikuhi i ka hiki ʻana i ka encephalopathy.
ʻO Cholestasis syndrome, ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he hōʻeha ʻili o ka ʻili me ka ʻole o nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻōpū. ʻO Cider o ka hoʻohālikelike ākea i kēia hihia ke hōʻike ʻia e ke kuni, ke hoʻololi i nā ʻōnaehana lab.
ʻO ka hemorrhagic syndrome e hele mai i ka wā e loli ai ke ʻano o ka protein i ka pūnaehana coagulation. ʻNdlelo Hōʻea ʻo Metabolic. He ʻōkuhi cytolysis, he mea paʻakikī ke hoʻoholo i nā clinically, akā ʻike maikaʻi ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano noiʻi noiʻi. He mea paʻakikī hoʻi ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka ʻeha paleke Mesenchymal me ka loaʻa ʻole o nā hoʻokolohua lāʻau.
Pono e hōʻoia ʻia kēia mau hana a pau i hōʻoia ʻia e ke kikowaena a me ka pono.
Nā ala e hoʻohuli ai i ka maʻi
Hiki i kēia maʻi ke hoʻomohala i ka mea maʻi no hoʻokahi makahiki, akā me ka mea minamina loa, pono ke hoʻokō ʻia kahi papa inoa o nā haʻawina.
No ka ʻike pololei ʻana, hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano mea hana like a me ke ʻano hana noiʻi.
Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hopena o ka noiʻi, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻoponopono pololei.
ʻO kēia ka mea pono hana a me nā hoʻokolohua e pono ai:
- ʻO ka ultrasound kahi noiʻi noiʻi lāʻau nui, me kona kōkua hiki iā ʻoe ke loiloi i ke ʻano, ka nui o ka ʻai, e ʻike ai i nā neoplasms, a nānā pū kekahi i ke kahe o ke koko;
- hoʻohui a me ka hoʻonaninani resonance résistance kōkua no ke kū pololei ʻana a me ka hōʻoia o ka maʻi maʻi, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka liʻiliʻi metastases ma ka hana oncological;
- he x-hihi o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū a me ka puʻu umauma, ʻo kēia ʻano maʻi o ka maʻi maʻamau no ka ʻike a me ka ʻike.
- kahi hōʻike koko ākea e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻolohe i nā loli i ka hoʻololi i ka pūnao o ka pili o ke koko, i ka nui, e kau ʻia ka helu platelet;
- loiloi toto biochemical ka "gula" maʻamau no ka maʻi ka maʻi o nā papa a me nā pancreas, me ka hoʻohana ʻana iā ʻoe hiki iā ʻoe ke loiloi i ka pae o bilirubin, ka phosphatase alkaline, ka nui piha o nā huina, a me nā pālima (ALT, AST), urea, glucose, kēlā me kēia mau kuhikuhi e hiki ai i ke kauka ke hoʻokaʻawale i kekahi nosological wae mai kekahi;
- nā hoʻokolohua serological no nā maʻi hepatitis a me nā maʻi hepatotropic ʻē aʻe;
- hōʻike no ka hana fibrosis a me ka hana necrotic;
- coagulogram.
Eia kekahi, lawe ʻia nā pono no ka biopsy ate - ka mea nui loa, akā, akā i ke ala hoʻokūkū. Ma lalo o ka hoʻomakeka a ultrasound, lawe ʻia kahi hapa o ke kiko mai ka mea maʻi a hoʻouna ʻia i ka laboratorium pathological no ka hoʻokolokolo.
ʻO nā maʻi maʻi pancreas a me nā hopena lapaʻau
No ka mea ke hui pū ʻia nā ate a me ka pancreas i kā lākou hana, ʻo ke ala o ke kino hoʻokahi hiki ke alakaʻi i nā maʻi o ka lua o ke ʻano.
ʻO ka maʻamau pinepine, alakaʻi pancreatitis i alakaʻi i ka hepatomegaly.
ʻO kēia ma muli o ka hana kiʻekiʻe autolytic a i ʻole ka hoʻomohala ʻeha o nā ʻano maʻi maʻamau o ka maʻi mellitus o nā ʻano ʻelua.
ʻO nā mea maʻamau maʻamau e alakaʻi i nā hoʻololi ʻana i ke akea a me ka pancreas:
- Hoʻopilikia ke ʻano.
- ʻO nā maʻi maʻi, me ka fibrosis cystic.
- Nā maʻi maʻi
Hoʻopili hou, hiki i ka momona momona degeneration i ulu. ʻO ka mālama ʻana i nā mea maʻi me ka hepatomegaly a hoʻohālikelike i nā loli, he hana hana a makemake ʻia i kahi maʻi lapaʻau kūpono. Hoʻokomo ka algorithm lapaʻau i ka etiology o ke kaʻina. Pono e lapaʻau a me ka etiologically substantiated.
ʻO ka mea mua, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi meaʻai no ka hepatomegaly o ka pepi a me nā pancreas. Hāʻawi ia i ke ʻano pilikino kūikawā o nā mea kanu o nā maʻi me ka ʻokoʻa piha o ka hoʻonāukiuki ʻana a me ka hōʻino ʻana o nā huahana. Hoʻonohonoho ka papa ʻaina meaʻai e ka hele ʻana i ke kauka o ka mea maʻi. Hoʻomaopopo ke kauka i nā ʻano o ka mea maʻi, a me ka hoʻoholo i nā huahana pono e pōmaikaʻi ai i nā peka a me nā pancreas i kekahi hihia.
Wahi a ka etiology o ke kaʻina, ua kau ʻia nā hanana kūikawā:
- me ka pathology viral, lawa kūpono antiviral therapy i nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou;
- ma ka hihia o lithiasis (nā pōhaku) o ke kiʻi o ka mea maʻi, e mālama ʻia ana i ʻole e ʻimi ai a ʻoki ʻia paha;
- inā pili nā genesis o ka maʻi me ka palu o ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular, ua hoʻoponopono ʻia kāna mau mua, a laila e hoʻoponopono hou ʻia ke kulana o ka lāʻau hou.
ʻO ia hoʻi, mālama lākou mau i nā genesis o ka maʻi. He mea nui ia i ka maʻi maʻi i ka manawa a hoʻomaka i ka mālama ʻana i ka wā kūpono, e hoʻonui ʻo ia i ka hiki ke ola a hoʻonui i ka manawa no ke ola maikaʻi.
He aha nā hoʻololi loli ʻole i ka pancreas i hōʻike ʻia ma ka wikiō ma kēia ʻatikala.
