Ke aʻo mau nei ka lāʻau lapaʻau i nā lā a ʻaʻole wale nō nā kumu, akā, ʻo ka hopena o ka maʻi maʻi.
Inā ʻaʻole i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, hiki iā lākou ke alakaʻi i nā hoʻopiʻi koʻikoʻi a hiki hoʻi i ka make.
ʻO ia ke kumu he mea nui loa ia e ʻike i kēia maʻi i ka manawa a hoʻomaka i ka mālama ʻana iā ia. ʻO kā mākou moʻolelo e pili ana i nā hōʻailona a me nā hopena o ka maʻi diabetes i nā kāne.
ʻO ka ʻatikala a me ka epidemiology
I kēia mau lā, ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻehā haneri miliona mau kānaka i kēia maʻi, a ʻaʻole hoʻi i ʻike he nui ka pae o ka nui o ko lākou koko i luna. I ka manawa like, ma waena o nā kanakolu a me kanalima, ua mālama ʻia ka maʻi diabetes mellitus i nā kāne ma 47%. Ma hope o kanalima mau makahiki, maʻi nui nā wāhine (58%). He mea nui loa ia i ka hiki ʻana o ka maʻi mai ka kaumaha koʻikoʻi a me ka pono ʻole.
ʻO kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā miliona miliona i make no ka hopena o kēia maʻi. ʻO ka mea nui ʻo ia ka pale ʻana o nā kīʻaha koko a me nā nīnipeka peripheral i ke alo, nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me nā puʻupuʻu. Hiki i ka maʻi diabetes ke hilinaʻi a i ʻole e hilinaʻi-in-insulin paha. ʻO nā hopena ʻino i kēia hihia ke hilinaʻi i ka nui o ka maʻi, ma ke ʻano o ka hōʻike ʻana i kāna mau hōʻailona.
ʻO ka maʻi diabetes type 1 (komo i ka insulin) i nā kāne
ʻO ka maʻi diabetes mellitus type 1 (ka ʻenehana, i.e. ʻōpio) he maʻi koʻikoʻi metabola kahi pili i ka hapa nui o ka insulin. Ua kōkua kēia i ka hiki ʻana o nā kūlana hoʻoweliweli i ka ola: acidosis, ketosis, coma maʻi a hiki hoʻi i ka make. ʻIke wale ʻia kēia ʻano maʻi i ka 5% o nā maʻi.
I ka lāʻau lapaʻau, manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka mea nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes i kahi predisposition genetic, ʻo ia ka hoʻoilina paternal. Eia nō kekahi, ʻo nā kumu o ka maʻi diabetes i nā keiki a me nā ʻōpio e hilinaʻi pinepine ʻia i nā mea e like me kēia:
- maʻi ʻia
- ka wikiwiki o ka ulu o ke keiki;
- ka hopena pinepine o nā maʻi i ka wā kamaliʻi;
- palena liʻiliʻi me nā kānaka ma lalo o ʻelima mau makahiki.
Hāʻawi kēia mau āpana i ka haunaele i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ke ʻōnaehana o ke kanaka, a me ka neʻe ʻana i ka predisposition genetic e hoʻonui i ka pilikia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke ʻano maʻi type 1.
Nā kiʻi haukapila
Hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona mua o ka maʻi maʻi i nā kāne ma hope o 30 mau makahiki i ka makahiki mua o ka hoʻomohala ʻia ʻana o ka maʻi. I ka mua, he wahi liʻiliʻi lākou no ka insulin, i ka manawa hiki i kahi kanaka ke noho me nā huakaʻi ʻole. Ke lōʻihi nei, māhuahua nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi, pono ka manaʻo no insulin. ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi i ka kāne ma hope o ke kanakolu mau makahiki i hoʻoiho ʻia e ka neʻe wikiwiki ʻana o ka maʻi autoimmune. I nā keiki, holo koke kēia mau kaʻina hana.
I mea e pale ai i ka hopena o nā hopena hopena e hiki ai ke hoʻoweliweli i ke ola, ʻike ʻia e mālama i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi maʻi i ka kāne ma hope o 30 mau makahiki. Aia i kēia mau ʻōuli:
- makewai mau ʻole a me ka waha maloʻo;
- it o ka ʻili;
- hoʻonui hoʻonui pinepine o ka urination;
- ho'ēmi i ka pale ʻole, hoʻonui i ka luhi;
- kahi hoʻonui kiʻekiʻe a emi paha i ke kaupaona ʻana;
- nā hōʻeha a me nā hōʻeha wā lōʻihi;
- ke kahe o ka ʻono o ka acetone i loko o ka pā a me ka ea hanu;
- lauoho lauoho
- hoʻonui i ke koko.
ʻOi aku ma mua o 30% o ka wahine ikaika ka ʻike e pili ana i ka hele ʻana o ka maʻi type 1 i ka manawa, i ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā hōʻailona āpau ma luna aʻe, e hele mai nā loli o ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular.
ʻO nā hopena o ka maʻi diabetes type 1 i nā kāne
Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hoʻolohe i nā hōʻailona mua o ka maʻi maʻi i ka kāne, mai hana i ka mālama manawa kūpono o nā maʻi, a laila e alakaʻi kēia i ka hana o ke keiki. ʻO 36% o nā mea maʻi e hoʻomohala i nā nephropathy, hiki ke make i ka make. Eia nō hoʻi, i nā mea i hoʻopili ʻia o ka wahine ikaika nui, aia ka hewa i ke kahe o ke kahe, ke ʻano o nā hana o nā aʻa a ke kōkua i ka hoʻemi ʻana o ka naʻau a me ka nāwaliwali o ke kahe koko o nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Hōʻalo pinepine kēia i nā hōʻeha wāwae, ke hoʻokumu ʻana i nā ʻeha trophic a me ka hōʻili ʻana o nā wāwae.
ʻOiai ka hana ʻana o nā hana o ka pīkī, hele kēia i loko o kahi kūwaha huhū, ka helehelena o ka maʻi maʻamau, ka luaʻi a me ka pīhoihoi. I nā pinepine pinepine, ʻoiai ʻo ka hopena o ka maʻi diabetes i nā kāne, aia ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hana moekolohe, kahi i hōʻemi ʻia ai ka neʻe ʻana, ka hoʻomohala ʻana.
Pōpilikia aʻeha he mau pilikia hōʻeha. No laila, hiki i ke kanaka ke hoʻomohala i ka ketoacidosis i kahi manawa pōkole, ʻoiai e hōʻiliʻili nā huahana metabolic i loko o ke kino maʻi, i ka hala ʻana i ka noʻonoʻo, hana ʻole i nā ʻano like ʻole o nā ʻōnaehana a me nā ʻōnaehana o ke kino. Eia nō hoʻi, ʻike pinepine ʻia ka uila i ka puna koko (hypoglycemia), hiki i ke kanaka ke hāʻule i loko o kahi coma, a i kekahi manawa hiki ke hōʻeha.
ʻO ka maʻi diabetes type 2 (non-insulin dependant) i nā kāne
ʻO ka type 2 diabetes mellitus kahi maʻi metaboleka kahi e emi ai ka hana o ka insulin a i ʻole ka palaki ʻana i kāna hana. Loaʻa kēia ʻano maʻi i ka 95-98% o nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi maʻi. ʻO ka maʻamau ka mea maʻamau i kēia kāne ma ke kāne ma hope o 50 makahiki.
Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei nā kauka he nui nā mea hana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka maʻi.
- predisposition genetic;
- hoʻonui ʻia i ka ulu ʻana ma ka pūpū;
- ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe;
- hoʻemi ʻia ka hana kino kino;
- nā momona keu a me nā momona.
I nā kāne, ma hope o ke kanaono kumamalima mau makahiki, ua nānā ʻia ka maʻi diabetes i ka 20%, ma hope o ka kanahikukūmālima mau makahiki, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia kēia māka.
Nā kiʻi haukapila
ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻike ʻia ka maʻi maʻamau i ka 2 ma nā kāne. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine kēia i ka wā o nā hōʻailona mua o ka maʻi diabetes i nā kāne ma hope o ka 50 he mea i hōʻike ʻia e ka nāwaliwali o ke olakino maikaʻi, e koi ana i ka moʻo ikaika e nīnau aku i kahi kauka. Aia kēia mau hōʻailona:
- makewai mau ʻole a me ka waha maloʻo;
- ka maloʻo a me ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻili;
- nā urination pinepine
- nā luhi mau a me ka nawaliwali.
I ka wā mua o ka maʻi, e ʻike paha i kekahi i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa iki i ke kōʻai koko (hypoglycemia). I loko o kēia manawa, ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona like i ka maʻi diabetes i nā kāne ma hope o ka 50 mau makahiki.
- ka manaʻo o ka pōloli koʻikoʻi;
- hoʻonui ulu naʻau;
- hoʻonui i ke koko;
- haalulu nā lima a me ka holoi.
ʻO nā hopena o ka maʻi diabetes type 2 i nā kāne
Hiki i kekahi mau kāne ke mālama ʻole i kēia mau hōʻike āpau o ka maʻi a huli i nā kauka inā loaʻa nā ʻōnaehana. ʻO kekahi o nā mea hoʻopiʻi mua loa he erectile dysfunction, kahi mea e hōʻeha ai ka potency. No laila, i nā kāne, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi diabetes.
- hiki ʻole ke kau ʻana;
- ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hana ʻoki;
- hoʻōla
Hoʻopuka kekahi i ka maʻi diabetes 2 i ka hōʻoki o ka niho a me ka lauoho, anemia a me thrombocytopenia, arteriosclerosis, nephropathy, nā maʻi o ka ʻano genitourinary a me autonomic nervous system, pilikia hōʻeha, ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ischemic stroke, hōʻeha hōʻeha, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻomau paha nā kāne i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke koko, ʻeha a i ʻole constipation, hiki ʻole ke kū i ka hana kino, a me kekahi mea
Ma hope o kanalima mau makahiki, hiki i ka maʻi diabetes ke alakaʻi i kahi lactocidotic coma, kahi hiʻohiʻona i ka ulia o ka ʻike, retinopathy, ka mea e hōʻike ana iā ia iho i ka hemorrhage i loko o ka waihona kālā a me ka nalo o ka hihiʻo, me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka wāwae maʻi maʻi, ma nā meaʻi a me nā ulia e kūleʻa ma nā wāwae.
Hana huna (latent) maʻi o ka kāne
Loaʻa i nā kāne kahi ʻano kūikawā o ka maʻi - latent diabetes mellitus, e kū nei me nā mea ʻike ʻole, e loaʻa nei i nā pilikia i ka hana ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi. Pehea e hōʻike ʻia ai ka maʻi latene inā maikaʻi ke kanaka? ʻO ka pinepine, ʻike ʻia kahi maʻi maʻi i ka manawa i loaʻa ai i kahi maʻi ka maʻi cardiovascular. Inā ʻaʻole mālama ʻia kēia pathology, pilikia kahi ʻōnaehana, pilikia ʻole, a me ka nalowale o ka ʻike. Koi ikaika nā kauka i ka hoʻokaʻaʻike ʻana i kahi keʻena olakino inā ʻike kekahi i nā hōʻailona i lalo.
- ka hele ʻana o nā hulu a me nā ʻalika ma ka ʻili;
- ka hopena o nā pilikia me nā niho a me nā kumu;
- hana hoʻopili;
- ua hōʻemi i ka ʻike o nā wāwae;
- ka make mau ana o ka makewai;
- hoʻonui nui momona.
Nā hana pale
ʻO ka poʻe i ʻike i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes, pono lākou e ʻike pehea e hoʻāʻo ai e pale. Hoʻomaopopo nā kauka i ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes ma kahi hiki. Hiki i ke kanaka makua ke nānā aku i kāna ʻai ʻana.
ʻO ka mea mua, pono ke mālama o ke kanaka i ke kaulike o ka wai ma kona kino. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia e inu i ʻelua mau aniani o ka wai maʻemaʻe i ke kakahiaka a ma mua o kēlā me kēia pāʻina. Pono hoʻi e pili i ka meaʻai meaʻai, i kaupalena i ka ʻai ʻana i nā hua o ka palaoa a me nā ʻuala. ʻAʻole ʻai nā kāne keu ʻelima ma hope o ke ahiahi. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia lākou no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā ʻiʻo momona, kalima a me nā mea ʻai mai ka meaʻai. E hoʻopili ʻia ka poʻe i ka hopena i ka walnuts, nā mea kanu a me nā tamato, nā pīni a me nā hua citrus i kā lākou papaʻai.
ʻO kahi ala e pale ai i ka maʻi diabetes ka hana kino. Pono kēlā me kēia lā e hana i kekahi hāleʻa no iwakālua mau minuke. Hiki ke mālama ʻia nā hana kūlohelohe me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mau ʻano hana:
- hele wāwae;
- hele wāwae;
- nā pāʻani pāʻani me nā keiki a nā keiki;
- ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka halihali lehulehu.
No ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hiki o ke ʻano o kahi maʻi kō, ua ʻōlelo aku nā kauka ʻaʻole e komo i loko o nā kūlana koʻikoʻi, e pale i ke kaumaha. Pono ʻoe e hōʻalo i ka waiʻona a me ka hōʻino maikaʻi o ka Nikotine, e alakaʻi i ke ʻano kūpono. Mai poina e hiki i nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā maʻi a me nā maʻi hopena i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi gula i ka moena ikaika.
ʻO ka maʻi maʻamau ʻo mellitus. ʻO ka maʻi diabetes type 1 ka mea e pili pinepine ana i nā kāne ma hope o nā makahiki he kanakolu, a me ke ʻano maʻi maʻi 2 - ma hope o kanalima makahiki. Akā pono ʻoe e ʻike ua make kēia maʻi he make make, akā he maʻi ia i hiki ai iā ʻoe ke noho. He mea nui wale ia e hahai i nā ʻōlelo a pau a me nā ʻōlelo aʻo a ke kauka. ʻO nā hoʻopiʻi āpau o ka maʻi e hiki ke pale i ka nānā ʻana i kou ola a me ke olakino. I kēia lā, he nui nā lāʻau lapaʻau e kōkua i ka hoʻokahe o ke koko. Ke hoʻopau pinepine nei iā lākou, hiki ke pale ʻia nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka maʻi maʻi i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
