ʻO nā ala nui no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes

Hiki ke mālama ʻia i ka maʻi pākia o nā maʻi maʻi i ʻelua mau ʻano: ʻo ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka ʻoihana laboratine a me ka mōʻaukala ma o ka nānā ʻana me kahi loea.

Hōʻikeʻike maʻi

Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka mea maʻi e lawe i kahi mau mahele o nā hōʻike maʻi maʻi, pono e hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo ia ka ʻike hou aʻe i kāna kāleka:

1. ʻO ka pae o ka hōʻino i ka pancreas a me ka nui o nā selene ß i mālama ʻia e hiki ai ke hana i ka insulin;
2. Pehea ka maikaʻi o ka mālamaʻana i kēia manawa (inā paha) kahi pae o ka insulin kūlohelohe;
3. Aia kekahi mau hopena hoʻopiʻi lōʻihi, ko lākou pae o ka paʻakikī;
4. Pehea e hana ai nā keiki
5. ʻO ka pae kiʻekiʻe o nā hoʻopiʻi hou aʻe;
6. ʻO ka hōʻeha o ka puʻuwai puʻuwai a i ʻole nā ​​hahau ʻana.

Pehea e hoʻomaopopo ai i ka maʻi maʻi ma nā hōʻailona?

Ma kahi o nā ʻano hana ʻoihana, ʻo ka maʻi o ka maʻi o ka mua a me ka lua he mea maoli kēia e ʻike i nā hōʻailona o waho. Inā loaʻa iā lākou, e hāʻawi pono ka mea maʻi i ka liʻiliʻi o ke koko no ka honi e nānā i kona pae. Ma kahi koke koke ʻia ka maʻi maʻi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā mea kākoʻo. Hiki ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ke ʻano me ka maʻi o ka maʻi maʻi.

1 ʻano

ʻO nā hōʻailona a me ke ʻano pinepine. E pili ana kēia:

• E makewai mau ka mea maʻi a hiki iā ia ke hoʻopau i ka 5 lita o ka wai i kēlā me kēia lā;
• He ʻano like ʻole e like me acetone e kū mai ana i ka waha;
• Ka pōkole ʻokoʻa, ʻoiai e ʻai koke ʻia nā kalona a pau ka mea maʻi;
• Hoʻōla maikaʻi ka maʻi ʻeha a pau;
• Makemake pinepine 'oe e hoʻohana i ka' aie, kahi nui o nā kiʻi i kēlā me kēia lā;
• Nā ʻōiwi ʻokoʻa o ka ʻili (me nā moʻo a me nā ʻōpala);
• Hoʻoulu maoli ke ʻano o ke kiʻi like aku.

2 ʻano

Ke kiʻi hou aku nei ka kiʻi hōʻailona ma kēia kūlana. No laila, me ka maʻi diabetes type 2, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e kali e ʻike i ka piʻi ʻana o nā hōʻailona a hele koke i nā hoʻokolohua. ʻO nā hōʻailona o kēia ʻano maʻi maʻi:

• E hāʻule ka maka;
• Hoʻomaka koke ka mea maʻi;
• Kauʻili;
• Nocturnal enuresis;
• ʻO nā puka ulcerous ma nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (ma lalo o ka maʻi diabetes);
• Paresthesia;
• ʻEha ko ka ʻeha i ka wā o neʻe;
• Hoʻonāukiuki ʻia ka hopena i nā maʻi;
• ʻO nā ʻōuli he like ʻole i ka nalu;
• Hōʻike kūpaʻa hōʻailona: ke hele pololei nei nā pilikia o ka naʻau, a hiki i ka hōʻeha ʻana a me ka hōʻeha ʻana.

Nā diagnostic Laboratory

ʻO nā loiloi, ka hana i ka manawa a me ka manawa mau, i hiki ai ke nānā i ke kūlana o ke kino no ka manawa lōʻihi a i ka hihia me nā hanaʻala e ʻike ai iā lākou ma ka hana mua. No ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes ma o nā hoʻokolohua hōʻoia, pono i ka mea maʻi ke hele i kēia mau māka.

• ʻAno genetic: HLA DR3, DR4 a me DQ;
• ʻUnlelo immunological: ke alo o nā antibodies mai ka decarboxylase o nā mea kūmole antibi acid, nā puna i nā mokupuni o Langerhans, insulin;
• ʻO ka ʻano metabolic: glycohemoglobin A1, nalowale o ka hana 1 i ka hana ʻana o ka insulin ma hope o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka glucose ma o ka hana intravenous.

E noʻonoʻo pono i nā ʻano loiloi kumu liʻiliʻi i kahi kikoʻī iki.

Hoʻopiʻi koko

Hiki ke hāʻawi i kahi hōʻike hoʻāʻo i luna o ka ʻōpū ʻole a i ke ao holoʻokoʻa (e piʻi mau ke kō o ke kō ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana). Ma ka hihia mua, hāʻawi ʻia ka hōʻike hōʻike ʻana i kakahiaka, i ka mea e ʻai ai ka mea maʻi ma ka manawa hope loa ma kahi o 8 mau hola i hala. Inā he noiʻi o ke koko capillary, pono ka hōʻailona mai ka 3.5 a i ka 5.5 mmol / lita.

I ka hihia ana i lawe ʻia ai ke koko venous, he nui ka palena haʻahaʻa, a ʻo 6.1 mmol / lita ka nui loa.

Hāʻawi ʻia kahi hāʻawi koko ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana (ma kahi o ʻelua hola) e nānā i ke ʻano o ka ʻai ʻana a haʻihaʻi ʻia nā mea momona a pau. Laha paha ka pae no kēlā me kēia maʻi.

Hana ʻia kēia ma ka kikowaena a me ka home. E hana i nā mea āpau ma ka home, pono ʻoe i kahi hāmeʻa kūikawā - he glucometer. Ke kūʻai aku nei ia ma nā mākeke.

ʻO ka insulin a me ka proinsulin

Hoʻokomo ʻia ka Insulin i nā pūleka beta pancreatic. I ke kino, pono ia e hoʻēmi i ka hoʻoili ʻana o ke kō i loko o ke koko, e hoʻokaʻawale iā ia i loko o nā hale. Inā ʻaʻole ma laila, kū ka glucose i ke koko, hoʻomaka ka lolo, kupuʻi nā kāwaha koko. ʻO ka Proinsulin ka foothold no ka kūkulu ʻana i ka insulin.

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa e hoʻonā i nā insulin. Hoʻonui ka kiʻekiʻe o kēia waihona me nā ʻano 1 a me 2 o ka maʻi diabetes.

C peptide

ʻO kēia kahi māhele o ka molekole insulin. He lōʻihi ma ka hapalua kona ola ma mua o ka insulin, no laila he mea maʻalahi ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka heleʻana o ka maʻi maʻi. ʻO kahi hāʻule o ka nui o C-peptide ma muli o ka nele o ka insulin endogenous. Hoʻonui nā maʻa o ka insulinoma.

Hemoglobin Glycated

Ma ka māhele o gogemobin glycated, ka molaki o ka molome glucose me ka valine i loko o ka β-chain o ka molekui hemoglobin. Hoʻohālikelike ia i ka ʻaila o ke kō. He hōʻailona nui kēia o ka hoʻomau mau o ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi o ka hana o ka hopena o kākeka i ka 2 mau mahina i hala ma mua o ka lawe ʻana o ka hōʻike. ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka hana ʻana o kēia ʻano hemoglobin e hilinaʻi pololei ana i ka mānoanoa o ka hyperglycemia. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia kona pae i 5 mau pule ma hope o ka hoʻomau ʻana o ke kōpaʻa koko.

Hoʻoholo ʻia ka pae o ka hemoglobin glycated i ka wā e pono ai e kāohi i nā kaʻina metabolic, a me ka hōʻoia i ka hoʻokū maoli ʻana o ka pae o kēia waihona. Hāpai nā poʻe loea (i nā hihia o nā maʻi maʻi i hopohopo) e lawe i kahi loiloi ma kahi o 1 manawa i 4 mau malama. Me kahi kaʻina maʻamau o nā kaohi o ke kalapona, he liʻiliʻi hoʻi ka hōʻailona o ka 5.7.

ʻO kēia kekahi o nā hana loiloi haʻahaʻa no nā maʻi o nā kāne a me nā makahiki āpau. Hāʻawi ʻia ke koko no ka hemoglobin glycated mai kahi vein.

Fructosamine

Hana ʻia kēia ʻano ma kēlā me kēia hebedoma 3 (no laila, e hōʻike ʻia ka hopena o kēia manawa wale nō no kēia manawa). Hana ʻia kahi loiloi o ka metabolism o ke kō a me nā mea kākoki i ka pae o ke kamaʻilio ʻana i ka maʻi a me ka mālama i ka hiki o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ana i ka wā o ka lapaʻau. Ua nānā ʻia ke koko Vous ma luna o kahi ʻōpū ʻole. ʻO ka maʻamau, pono nā ʻōkuhi:

• I nā makahiki he 14 - mai 190 a 270 0mol / lita;
• Ma hope - mai 204 a 287 μmol / lita.

I ka maʻi maʻi, hiki i kēia kiʻekiʻe mai ka 320 a 370 μmol / lita. Me kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka fructosamine, ua ʻike pinepine ʻia nā mea maʻi me ka hiki ʻole o ka renal a me ka hypothyroidism, ka maʻi diabetes nephropathy a me ka hypoalbuminemia.

ʻO ka helu koko piha

ʻO ka huli ʻana aku i nā hōʻailona kuʻuna o nā ʻano like ʻole o ke koko. ʻO kā lākou pae a me ka loaʻa ʻana o kekahi mau mea leʻaleʻa e hōʻike i ke kūlana maʻamau o ke kino a ke hōʻike nei i nā kaʻina hana a pau i hana i loko.

Ma kahi maʻi hoʻomohala, ʻo ia mau haʻawina e loaʻa ai i ʻelua mau papa hana: ka lawe ʻana i ka biomaterial ma luna o kahi ʻōpū ʻole a me kahi pā koke ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana.

Kuhi ʻia nā ʻano o kēia mau ʻōiwi:

1. Hematocrit. Hoʻoholo ʻia ka kūhelu o nā kaila o ka plasma a me nā ʻula koko ʻulaʻula. I ka manawa kiʻekiʻe o ka hematocrit - ʻo ka mea maʻi e manaʻo nui ana erythrocytosis, haʻahaʻa - aneʻi anemia a me ka hyperhydration hiki. Holo ka pae o ka hematocrit i nā wahine hāpai i ka wā hāpai.
2. Nā Kauliana. Inā liʻiliʻi ko lākou helu, a laila ʻaʻole pono ke koko, pono paha ke hōʻailona kēia o nā maʻi a i ʻole nā ​​loaʻa. Inā nui ka nui o ka platelets, nā mumū a me nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole (e komo pū ana me ke ʻano maʻi).
3. Hemoglobin. Hoike ʻia ka hemoglobin hoʻoneʻe i ke kuhi koko, ka loaʻa ʻana o ke koko a i ʻole anemia. Hoʻonui nui kona pae i ka maʻi maʻi me ka dehydration.
4. Nā pili koko koko. Hoʻonui ka pae - ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka mumū, maʻi leukemia. Hoʻohena - pinepine ʻia nā maʻi maʻi.

ʻO ka urinalysis a me ka ultrasound kidney

Ka hopena o ka maʻi maʻi o ka maʻi maʻi, no laila ua hana kēia mau noiʻi (hoʻomake ʻia ka urine i loko o ke keiki). Me kahi kikoʻī maʻamau o ka urine, ua hōʻike ʻia:

1. ʻO ke kala o ka biomaterial, ka heleʻana o ka sediment, kahi hōʻailona o ka maʻa a me ka ʻike;
2. Nā mea hana pilikino;
3. Ke ʻano (gravity) e nānā i ka hana o nā pūpū a me kā lākou hiki ke hana i ka urine);
4. Ka pae o ka glucose, protein a me ka acetone.

Ma kēia noiʻi, hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka pae o ka microalbumin i loko o ka urine. No ka hala ʻana i kahi loiloi maʻamau, pono ʻoe i ka urine, i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka waenakonu o ke ao, ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia i loko o kahi pahu momona. He kūpono kēia biomaterial no ka hoʻopaʻa wale ʻana ma loko o kahi lā ma hope o ka hopu ʻana. I loko o kahi kanaka olakino, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka ʻike wale ʻia o ka microalbumin i loko o ka urine; ma ka mea maʻi, ua ʻoi aku kona kiʻekiʻe. He hōʻailona hiki ʻole ke loaʻa mai ka 4 a hiki i 300 mg.

Me ka ultrasound, hāʻawi ʻia ka nānā ʻana i ka nui o nā keiki, ka loli i ko lākou ʻano, ka hele ʻana o kekahi mau palapala hana. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia lākou ma nā ʻina he 3-4 i ka maʻi maʻi.

Pākuʻi ʻia ke koko

Lawe ʻia hoʻi ke koko ma kahi ʻōpū ʻole. Aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o nā kikoʻī o ia mau ʻano:

• Sugar;
• Kipase;
• Kāohi i ka phosphokinase;
• Alunaina phosphatase;
• Kahuna;
• Ke kīnā ʻole;
• Bilirubin;
• Urea
• Amylase;
• Kāleka;
• ʻO AST a me ALT.

ʻO ka hoʻokolohua ʻenthalmologic

Me ka maʻi o ka maʻi ʻaʻai, ua ʻeha ka maka, ke piʻi ʻana o ka pilikia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā maʻi o ka retina o ka maka, nā mālamalama a me nā glaucoma. ʻO kēia ma muli o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā moku koko a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka retinopathy maʻi maʻi. Hoʻololi loa nā paia o nā vascular, ma muli o ke ʻano o ka hoʻololi kālā, ʻike ʻia nā hemorrhages a me nā hoʻonui ʻana i ka arterial.

Electrocardiogram

Ma muli o ka nui o ke kō, hiki i ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular. Hoʻopuka pinepine nā poʻe maʻi maʻi i nā hōʻeha a me nā puʻuwai naʻau, myocardiopathy, a me nā maʻi maʻi coronary.

Pono e hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kēlā me kēia ʻeono mahina. Inā ʻoi aku ka maʻi ma mua o 40 mau makahiki - i kēlā me kēia hapaha.

He mea nui ia e hoʻomanaʻo he papa inoa nui kēia o nā hoʻokolohua e ho'āʻo nei no ka maʻi maʻi maʻi.

ʻOi loea, e pili ana i ka hihia kikoʻī, hiki ke koho ʻia a me nā haʻawina hou. Inā ʻike ʻoe he mau hōʻailona o waho o ka maʻi type 1 a i ʻole type 2, mai haʻalele a kuhikuhi i nā ʻano diagnostic laboratory.