Noho aneane ua ʻike ka poʻe i loko o ke kino aia kekahi mea like ʻole - ka pancreas, i ka ʻae ʻole o kāna hana, no ka maʻi diabetes mellitus a i ʻole pancreatitis e ulu pū kekahi. Hoʻokumu nā kūlana i nā ala no nā ʻano like ʻole, ʻokoʻa i ka hōʻailona, nā ʻano lāʻau.
Akā no ke aha e lilo ai nā maʻi o ia mea pono i nā kumu o nā hana kūwili a me nā hana metabolic? ʻO ka pane i kēia nīnau pili i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hana pono ʻana o ka pancreas a me kona ʻano.
Ma ka ʻōlelo Latin, ka pancreas i kapa ʻia ʻo pancreas, mai kēia huaʻōlelo ʻo pancreatic, hele mai ka pancreatitis. Hana ke kino i nā enzyme pancreatic i pono no ka hoʻokaʻina ʻana o ka meaʻai, nā mea huna i nā ʻano like ʻole i loko o ke kahe koko, mua o ka insulin.
Aia ma hea ka pili o nā pancreas?
Aia ka pancreas ma ka ʻōpū o luna ma ka lumi retroperitoneal ma ka pae o ka pae mua a me ka lua o ka vertebre lumbar. ʻO ka pā o ke kua o ka ʻōpū a me ka mua o ka pale o ka pancreas i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e kahi omentum - kahi ʻāpana o ka momona.
Loaʻa ka ʻōkuhi ma kahi kokoke i ke kikowaena o ke kino, hele mai i ka hypochondrium hema a hiki i ka spleen. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao o ka lālā o ka mea i loko o ka lāpili ke pili me ka inferior vena cava, aorta. Ke nānā nei i ke kino o kekahi kanaka ma kahi kūlana, ua kū pono ka pancreas ma lalo o ka ʻōpū, nā kīʻaha koko a me nā kolone a spinal ma lalo.
Kālele ʻia ka ʻano o ke kīʻaha, ʻo ia ka hapa nui i kapa ʻia ʻo ke poʻo, hiki ke ākea ka 7.5 sentimeter. E hele pono ke poʻo i ka kino o ke kino, hele mai ka huelo o ka pancreas ma ka hema, ma ka laulā, i ka nui o ka nui o ke ʻano o ka nui o 14 a 23 kenimika.
Kokoke o ke poʻo ka duodenum, ma kona lumen ka puka ʻana o ka wai Wirsung, kahi i huna ʻia ai ka wai o pancreatic, he mau pūnika pono e hoʻokaʻawale i ka meaʻai i ka mokuʻāina.
ʻO ka hopena o ka papaʻu e hoʻohui me ka papa o ka bile, e hoʻopili ʻia ai nā bile. E hōʻike ana i nā mea aʻe:
- ka hui like o ka hana ʻana o ka pancreas a me ka ʻōpio;
- ka pilina o nā hana kūwaho i ka duodenum;
- hiki paha ke hoʻomohala i kahi maʻi o kēia mau maʻi.
ʻO ka wai o Wirsung ma ka paia o ka duodenum e kaomi i ka Vater nipple, ma luna o kēia kiʻekiʻe ko ka spularinc muscle sphincter o Oddi. I ka wā o ka hōʻemi ʻana, hoʻouka ʻo ia i nā papa papa pancreatic, i ka wā e hoʻomaha ana, ka wai pancreatic a me kahi hapa o ka bile ua pana ʻia i loko o ka ʻōpū. I kekahi poʻe, hiki i ka pancreas ke hana i kahi apo a puni ka duodenum, kāʻili ʻia.
Ua uhi ʻia ke ʻala i luna me ka capsnest thinnest, ma waena o ia mea ua ʻike ʻia nā lobulona o ka gland.
Ka mōʻaukala o ka pancreas
ʻO ka pancreas kahi mea hui me ka anatomy paʻakikī, loaʻa i nā ʻāpana ʻelua me nā hana like ʻole: exocrine, endocrine. ʻO ka ʻāpana exocrine ke kuleana no nā mea huna o nā mea pancreatic, lilo ia i kumu nui o ke kolo, hana i nā ʻano o loko, i kaupalena ʻia e nā paia o ka kuhi.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā pūpapa o kēia ʻāpana i nā puʻupuʻu kūikawā, i hui pū ʻia i loko o nā lobules - acinar cells of the pancreas Kūkulu kēia mau pūnaewele i nā enzymes, kahi: lipase, amylase a me ka protease.
ʻO nā kāpili pancreatic liʻiliʻi e hoʻopili pono me ka nui, i komo nā enzyme pankreatic i ka wai Wirsung. Inā hōʻino kekahi i ka exocrine mahele o ke kumuhana, ua make ka mea maʻi i kahi kaʻeha hana i loko o ka pancreas, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ka pancreatitis.
Ma ka lua o ka mahele o ka exocrine, ma ka hapa o ka lālani, loaʻa nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka ʻāpana o ka endocrine, noho lākou ma kahi o hoʻokahi pakeneka o ka huina o ka nui o ke poʻo a ua kāhea ʻia he mau moku ʻo Langerhans. Ma kahi o miliona miliona o kēia mau papa, e pili ana i ke ʻano o kā lākou huna ʻana i nā hormones:
- insulin;
- somatostatin;
- kekona;
- ʻO ka polypeptide pancreatic.
Aia ma luna o nā mokupuni o Langerhans kahi pūnaehana potillaries o ke koko, kahi e hiki ai i nā hormone ke komo koke i ka kahe koko. Ke hopena ka mahele o kēia ʻāpana o ke kelepona, hele mai ka maʻi i ka maʻi mellitus o ka maʻi mua (kongenital) a i ʻole (ʻelua) loaʻa (i ke kumu o ke ʻano).
Hāʻawi ʻia ka pancreas i ke koko mai nā ʻili o nā hui like ʻole: ʻo ka mesenteric maikaʻi loa, hepatic laulā, splenic. Huki ʻia ke koko mai kahi vein i loko o ka vein portal. Hoʻolako pū ʻia ka pahuhopu i nā nui nui o nā hopena kūaloko i hoʻonui ʻia mai ka celiac plexus a me nā vagus nerve.
ʻO ka hiki ʻana ke hiki ke hoʻoponopono i ka hana huna ʻana o nā hormones a me pancreatic enzymes, hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia ka hana ʻana o ka aila e kekahi māka o nā ʻano mea like ʻole.
Ua kapa ʻia kēia rula.
Hālau kaʻina
ʻO ke kiʻi o ka hoʻolālā o ka wahi exocrine o ka pancreas a me ka hopena endocrine e kōkua i kahi manaʻo e pili ana i ke kino, nā hana. Eia naʻe, pono e hoʻokumu i ka mea e hoʻokani nei ka lālā i ke kino o ke kanaka.
E like me ke ʻano o ke pancreas, pono ia e hana i nā hana: exocrine (exocrine) a me ka intracretory (endocrine). ʻO ka hana exocrine ka mea i huna ai ka wai pancreatic i loko o nā enzyme i hoʻolālā ʻia e hoʻokaʻawale i ka meaʻai: nuclease, lipase, amylase, protease, steapsin.
Pono ke kūleʻa o Nuklease no ka haʻihaʻi o nā waikona noke i komo i ke kino me ka meaʻai. Hana lākou i nā mea ʻē aʻe i komo i ka hana o ka digestive wāwahi i loko o nā wahi liʻiliʻi.
Pono nā protein i ka wāwahi, ʻo ka mea nui o ka manawa chymotrypsinogen, trypsinogen, eia lākou:
- hoʻoili ʻia i kahi ʻano hana ʻole;
- hana ma loko o nā ʻōpū ma lalo o ka hana a enterokinase;
- huli i chymotrypsin, trypsin.
Nui nā ikaika o nā mea kanu hopena, wāwahi lākou i nā protein i nā waʻa amino.
Ma muli o amylase, ke kō a me ka glycogen i ʻeli ʻia, pono lipase a me steapsin e pono ai no ka heʻe lipid.
Hoʻokumu ka pancreas i ka wai pancreatic i loko o nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, hiki i nā mea like ke hoʻonui i ka neʻe. Ma waena o lākou: ka hopena reflex hopena (ke ʻano o ka meaʻai, ka ʻūhā, ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no ka ʻai), ka refondically reflex (ke ʻano o ke kipi a me ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai), nā mea humoral, ke kiki o ka ʻōpū.
Mālama ʻia ka hoʻoponopono humoral e nā ʻōpū o ka pisa pancreosimine, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka mea huna ma nā ʻāpana o ka duodenum i ka wa me ka hydrochloric acid, nā huahana hoʻoheheʻe protein. No laila, pili pono ka hana ʻana i ka wai o ka pancreatic i loko o ka kōʻai ʻana o ka meaʻai.
Hoʻopilikia ʻole ka maʻi a me nā maʻi i ka huna ʻana o ka wai pekaleka ma o ka waena o ka medulla oblongata, ke kaʻina o ka hoʻomāne o nā ʻenemi, he nui nā huina e hilinaʻi ana i ka hana:
- thyy gland;
- kōpili lauwili;
- nā kuhihewa adrenal.
I ka haki ʻana o ka mīkini, ehaeha pū ka pancreas.
Ka hana Endocrine
Ma lalo o ka mana o nā mea humoral, hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā pūliki islet i nā hormones insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, a me ka pancreatic polypeptide i ke kahe koko. Pono pono ka Insulin no ka lawa o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā molekena glucose e nā sela o ke kino, ʻo ka mea mua, e pili ana kēia i nā ʻōpū a me nā momona momona.
Aia he loli o ka honi i loko o ka glycogen, ua mālama ʻia i ka ʻāpū a me ka musika, i hoʻopau ʻia e pono. ʻO ka hemahema o ka insulin hāmeʻe, kahi hala ʻole o kona hopena i ke kino hiki ke hoʻomohala i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā ʻano type 1 a i ʻole type 2 i loaʻa i ka maʻi (congenital a i loaʻa ka diabetes paha).
ʻO ka hopena o ka testosteroneagonagon ka hopena ʻē aʻe i ka insulin, e hōʻemi ai i ka wā o ka glycogen i loko o ka ate, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka glycemia. Ka mea i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ʻole nā lua e kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ka pae o nā haʻalulu.
Kū ka mea i ka somatostatin i ka hūnā ʻia.
- hoʻoikaika ʻia a me ka hormone pancreatic;
- ʻili;
- hoʻomoʻi i nā enzymes.
Hoʻonui ka polypeptide i ka mea huna o ka wai momona, hiki i nā ʻāpana islet ke huna i kahi liʻiliʻi o ka nui o ka pōloli (ghrelin), c-peptide. Hāʻawi kēia mau mea i ka hoʻoneʻe maʻamau.
Me ka hoʻopōʻino i ka parenchyma pancreatic, nā mokupuni o Langerhans e hōʻeha, nā kaʻina o ka hoʻoponopono o nā kahe ʻana, o ka komo ʻana o nā mea nui o nā momona, hoʻololi. Pono kahi maʻi pancreatic e mālama ʻia i kahi manawa kūpono, pono ke ʻano i ke olakino kanaka.
ʻO ka pathology e hoʻopilikia koʻikoʻi loa e hele ai i ka adenocarcinoma i ka wā e ulu ai ke kano o ke aila o ka glandular.
Nā hōʻailona o ka hapa o ka enzyme
ʻO nā hopena o ke kaʻina hana i ka pancreas i ka lawa ʻole, ka hemahema a me ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka hana o nā enzymes. Eia kekahi, ma luna o ka manawa, aia kahi hemahema o ka nui o ke aʻa o ka huina i loko o ka huakaʻi.
ʻO ke kumu mua o ka maʻi ka hana maʻa mau i ka waiʻona, a me ka pōʻino, ka hiki ʻana o nā maʻi e like me ka hōʻeha ʻana, nā ʻehaʻeha, nā maʻi maʻi, a me ka hoʻohana lōʻihi ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau.
ʻO ka hemahema o ka lipase, amylase a me ka trypsin e hoʻonāukiuki i nā hōʻeha hana. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa kaʻeha o nā malfunctions i ka pancreas i kahi mau ʻoluʻolu ʻole i ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū hema ma lalo o ke kīwī, ʻeha ma hope o ka ʻai.
ʻO nā hōʻike ʻē aʻe o ke ʻano palolo:
- paakiki, he nausea;
- ua hōʻemi i ka momona;
- pāhawewe;
- ke hoʻololi ʻana i ke kūlike, ke kala o nā mea momona;
- ʻohiʻe i loko o ka ʻōpū.
Eia ka hōʻeha o nā hōʻailona ma ka paʻakikī o ka maʻi. Ma muli o ka hoʻoweliweli ʻokoʻa, hōʻeha ka kino o nā mea i nele i ka palaho, nā huakaʻi mea hoʻomau e hoʻokūkū i ka osteoarthrosis, osteochondrosis, vascular atherosclerosis.
Hōʻalo ka lipase iā ia iho i nā aila, nā kīwaha i hoʻokuʻu ʻia, nā hiʻona nui o ka momona me nā feces. Hōʻike ʻia ka nele o Amylase e ka maʻi maʻi, ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka huaora, ka nui o ka nui o ke kāʻei ʻana o ka microflora oeuea, volumetric stool. Hōʻike liʻiliʻi ka nui o nā trypsin e kahi pahu mushy, anemia.
ʻOiai ka hūnā ʻana o ke kaʻina ʻana o ka meaʻai, no ke kū i mua o ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka meaʻai, aia:
- waiho kaumaha;
- kakaumoa vitamin;
- maloʻo maloʻo;
- pāwīwī o nā kui.
ʻO nā neʻe o ka pēpē pinepine, hoʻonui ʻia i ka hana waʻa a me ka nehu.
ʻO ka hoʻonāukiuki ʻana o ka puka o nā mea o ka enzyme i loko o ka pākī e hoʻonāukiuki i ka ʻoihana pancreatic, ka maʻi a me ka necrosis pancreatic. Ke wāwahi ʻia nā wahī islet, ua pale ʻia ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana i ka insulin hormone, nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi diabetes mellitus o ka ulu mua a me ka lua i hoʻonui ʻia, ʻo ka nui o ka hōʻailona i hilinaʻi i ka nui o nā kelena beta ola.
ʻAʻohe o ka hopena o ka glucagon e like me ke ʻano o nā hopena like ʻole i loko o ke kino.E hana i kahi maʻi, pono ke kauka i ka histology o nā pancreas a me kekahi mau haʻawina.
ʻO ke hana a me ke ʻano o ka pancreas e kūkākūkā i ke wikiō ma kēia ʻatikala.
