Aia ma muli o ke ʻano o nā maʻi, hiki i nā hōʻailona like ʻole a me nā syndromes o ka maʻi diabetes. ʻO nā papa mua o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka pathology, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻaʻole i hele pū ʻia e kahi hōʻike mau o nā hōʻailona i ʻike ʻole ʻia, a i ʻole e ʻae ʻia i ka manawa kūpono o ka maʻi o ka maʻi.
ʻO ka pinepine, ʻo ka hōʻike ʻana o nā kauka maʻi o ka hōʻaha o ka metabolic i loko o ke kino i ka manawa wale nō ma hope o ka manawa lōʻihi ma hope o ka pae o ke kō o ke kō i loko o ke koko koko o ke kanaka ua piʻi aʻe ma luna o ka hana physiological.
Ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka glucose i ke kino e alakaʻi i nā pilikia o ka ʻai wale nō, akā ke ʻano pū me ka protein a me ka lipid metabolism, a ke hana nei kēia i ke ʻano o ke kaulike o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kahi paʻakikī piha i ke kino o ka mea maʻi.
He aha nā ʻano o ka maʻi i loaʻa?
He maʻi ka maʻi diabetes mellitus ma kahi aia i pili ai a paʻa ʻole paha i ka pae o ka insulin i ke kino o ke kanaka.
Ke alakaʻi nei ke kaʻina hana e hele i ke kaʻe o nā kalapona a me nā hana kaʻina hana pono, e hoʻonui nui ana i ka pae o ka glucose i ke koko.
I kēia lā, nā mea nui e hiki ke hoʻokūkū i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kēia ʻano pili:
- hoʻoilina kumu
- ʻokiʻoki
- ulu kanalima
- kolamu kiʻekiʻe.
Hiki i nā ʻano kumu nui o ka hōʻike ʻana i ka maʻi.
- ʻO ka maʻi mellitus o ka maʻi type mellitus he insulin-hilinaʻi o ka pathology. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻomohala ma ka poʻe me ka paona maʻamau a i nā mea maʻi me ka momona. ʻO kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa o kēia puka ka hana ʻana o ka insulin (a i ʻole nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi) e ka pancreas. No laila, hiki i kahi mea me ka maʻi maʻi e hilinaʻi i ka injections o kēia hormone.
- Kūʻai pinepine ka type 2 diabetes mellitus i nā kānaka ma hope o nā makahiki he kanahā a ʻoi aku ka mea momona. Hoʻokumu ka pancreas i kahi hormone ma ka nui e pono ai no ke kino, akā ʻaʻole ke ʻano o kona mau cell i ka maʻamau i ka insulin. Ma muli o kahi o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i nā ʻike o nā huelo i ka hormone, hōʻiliʻili ka glucose i ke koko, no ka mea, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke komo i loko o nā kiko.
Ke ulu nei ka maʻi maʻamau, hoʻomaka nā hōʻailona ʻino ʻole a pau o ka maʻi.
Eia kekahi, hiki i ka pathology ke loaʻa i kahi ʻano like me ka maʻi gestational, hiki ke hōʻeha i nā wahine i ka wā o ka gestation a i ʻole he hopena i ka hoʻolālāʻana o ka hyperglycemia.
ʻO nā hōʻailona nui ka maʻi diabetes type 1
Me nā maʻi type 1, ka hōʻike ʻana i nā hōʻailona a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka pathology hele wikiwiki loa, ka loaʻa koke.
ʻO ke hoʻonui koʻikoʻi i ke kō koko koko hiki ke hōʻeha i ka mea maʻi a hōʻāʻule i kahi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi.
Ma hope o kēlā, hana nā hoʻokolohua maʻi i ka maʻi kūpono.
I kēia hihia, hiki i ka maʻi diabetes ke loaʻa i kēia mau hōʻailona:
- Ka make wai ikaika, ka mea e hōʻeha ai i ka mea maʻi i ke ao a hiki i ka pō), ʻo ka hopena o ka hoʻopau ʻana a hiki i elima mau wai o ka wai wai.
- Hoʻokaʻawale ʻole nā mea ulu acetone mai ka waha waha.
- Hoʻonui ka momona a me ka mālama pū ʻana me ka pōloli. Me ka nui o nā mea pono a me nā mea e hōʻoki kino ʻia, hiki i ka hōʻemi o ke kino a me ke kaumaha koʻikoʻi.
- ʻO nā hoʻomaʻa pinepine pinepine, ka nui o ka pō.
- ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā pilikia me ka ʻili, ka hōʻike ʻana o ka nui o nā ʻōpala liʻiliʻi a i nā ʻalā hulu manu.
- ʻOiai ʻokiʻoki i kahi mea hōʻeha a me nā mea hōʻeha paha e hōʻola paʻakikī a lōʻihi no ka manawa lōʻihi.
I waena o nā kumu nāna e hoʻowalewale i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kahi maʻi o kēia ʻano, me ka hoʻopili pinepine ʻia o nā maʻi maʻi i neʻe ʻia ma ke ʻano o ka wāʻalolo, maʻi, rubella a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe.
Eia kekahi, ʻoi aʻe ka pīhoihoi a i ʻole ka hoʻoluhi i ka maʻi diabetes.
ʻO nā hōʻailona nui ka maʻi diabetes type 2
Ma ka type 2 diabetes mellitus, ʻaʻole ka ʻike koke ʻia o nā hōʻailona, akā ma hope o kekahi manawa.
No laila, ʻaʻole pinepine hiki ke hōʻoia koke i ka maʻi.
Hiki i nā makahiki he nui ma mua o nā hōʻailona i hōʻike ʻia e hana ai i ke kanaka i ka hoʻokolokolo pono a lawe i nā hoʻokolohua. ʻO ka maʻi kūpono wale nō e pale i ka holo ʻana o kēia maʻi.
Hiki i ke ʻano maʻi diabetes mellitus ke hōʻike iā ia iho i ke ʻano o ka hōʻailona i ʻike ʻia:
- ʻO kahi keʻakeʻa koʻikoʻi i ka hihiʻo, ʻoiai me ka mania lima liʻiliʻi.
- ʻO ka ikaika a me ka wikiwiki o ke kino, hoʻoemi i ka hana a me ka hiki ʻole ke hoʻokipa. ʻO kahi hoʻomaha maikaʻi a hiamoe hoʻi ʻaʻole i lawe i ka hopena kūpono, ʻaʻole i hala ka manaʻo o ka luhi a me ka nāwaliwali.
- Makewai nui, nele ʻole i ka hoʻopau ʻole iā ia me ka inu nui.
- Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻeha o nā ʻili a me nā ʻōiwi ʻē aʻe o ke kani - wili, ʻulaʻula a i ʻole nā ʻōpū.
- Kūʻai pinepine.
- ʻO ka ʻehaʻeha hōʻeha, nā hōʻeha ma nā keiki keiki.
- Ma nā wāwae, ʻoi loa ma ka ʻāina shin, nā ʻōpū puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi me ka maʻi mellitus i hōʻike ʻia e paʻakikī ana ke hoʻōla.
- ʻO nā pilikia me ka hānai kāne kāne i ka wahine, ke ʻano o ka thrushꓼ
- Hoʻonui ka nui o ke koko, ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā maʻi o ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular, hiki i ka myocardial infarction.
Inā ʻike kekahi kanaka i ka hōʻike o nā hōʻailona ma luna, pono ia e hoʻopili i kahi keʻena olakino no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana.
ʻO ka hōʻike ʻana o nā syndromes me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi
ʻO ka pinepine, ʻo ka hiʻohiʻona o nā syndromes ma ke ʻano type type 2 e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā hōʻailona ʻike. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo nā syndromes diabetes he kolamu o nā mau hōʻailona.
ʻO kekahi manawa, kapa ʻia ka maʻi Raynaud e hōʻike ana i kahi hōʻike kino o ka maʻi maʻi. ʻAʻohe o ka maʻi a ka Raynaud me nā kō a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka insulin. Hoʻomaka ka maʻi Raynaud e pili ana i ke kua o nā hopena hoʻopiʻi i alakaʻi i ka holomua o ka maʻi diabetes type 1. ʻO nā hoʻonāukiuki e hoʻonāukiuki i ka maʻi Raynaud he scleroderma, atherosclerosis, periarthritis a me ka thromboangiitis obliterans. ʻO kā syndrome o Reynaud me ka ʻoluʻolu, nā manawaleʻa, nā ʻeha ma nā lima.
Hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā Syndromes me ke ʻano type type 2 e nā hōʻike aʻe:
- ʻO ka maʻi maʻamau o Moriak i ka wā kamaliʻi. ʻO ka maʻi o ka Moriak e hōʻike i kēia mau hōʻailonaʻehā - ulu ka retardation i nā keiki, ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka helehelena i ke ʻano o ka mahina. ʻO ke kumu nui no ka hōʻike ʻana i kēlā ʻano palolo e like me ka Moriak syndrome ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka insulin haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻo ka hewa ka hewa.
- Kahi ʻia ka ʻokoʻa Metabolic a he hōʻike pū i kahi kū i ka insulin. Hoʻomau ka lāʻau metabolic i ke ʻano o ka ʻike ʻole ʻana i ka insulin e nā cell. No laila, ke hoʻopau nei nā kaʻina āpau āpau i ke kino. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻo ka metabolic syndrome ka hopena o ka mālama ʻole i ka meaʻai. Hoʻomaʻa pinepine kēia ʻano i ke ʻano alakaʻi nui a alakaʻi i ka holo ʻana o nā maʻi e like me ka hypertension, ischemia, a me nā momona.
- ʻO nā syndromes type type 2 e komo pinepine i ka hōʻike ʻana o Somoji. ʻO kekahi o nā hopena o kēia hanana, ʻo ia ka nui o nā dosis i makemake ʻia o ka insulin. ʻO nā hōʻailona nui, e hōʻike ana i loaʻa i ke kino ka nui o nā dosis o ka insulin, e hōʻike paha i ka nui o ka makemake, hoʻonui nui i ke kino, a pihi i ke kō.
- ʻO ka Dawn Syndrome ke kumu nui o ka maʻi mellitus o ka maʻi mellitus, ka mea i hōʻike iā ia iho i ke ʻano o ka hoʻonui o ke kōhi koko ma ke kakahiaka, i ka waena mai 4 a 6 mau hola.
- Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia kahi maʻi maʻi ma ka maʻi nephrotic. ʻO ka hopena o kēia hopena, ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka nephropathy maʻi, ke hele ka hopena i loko o nā moku o ka pūlohi. No laila, hoʻomohala kekahi kanaka i ka hana ʻole ʻana.
Hōʻike kēia ʻano kuʻuna i ke ʻano o ka huehue, ke ʻano o ka protein i ka urine, ʻeha a me nā pilikia me ka hāhai ʻana.
Pehea e maʻi ai ka maʻi?
Hoʻopilikia ʻia nā maʻi mellitus o ka maʻi mellitus me ka hoʻopuka ʻana i nā hoʻokolohua kūpono, ʻo ia hoʻi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano mea hoʻokolohua hou.
ʻO ka mua a me ka loiloi nui e pono e hāʻawi ʻia i kahi mea maʻi me ka maʻa maʻi i hoʻonaninani ʻia i ke koko sampling koko. I nā lā he nui ma mua o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke koko no ka nānā ʻana, ʻaʻole pono ke kuhi i ka ʻai ʻana a hoʻololi i kou ʻano maʻamau.
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia, i loaʻa i nā hopena kūpono, pono e hoʻokō pono i kekahi o nā lula:
- Hāʻawi ʻia ke koko i ke kakahiaka wale nō a ma kahi ʻōpū ʻole iho
- ʻO ka ʻai hope loa e lilo ma kahi o nā hola he ʻumi ma mua o ka kaʻina
- Ma ka pō o ke aʻo ʻana, ʻoi loa ke ʻano o nā kūlana kaumaha a me nā haʻalulu ikaika e hoʻonui ai i ka hana.
Eia kekahi, ʻo nā kaʻina loea diagnostic a me nā haʻawina e pili ana:
- hoʻokolokolo e hoʻoholo ana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻomanawanui o ka glucose
- kākuhi i nā dinamics o nā hōʻailona e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka glycemiaopiha
- hana ka hōʻike maʻamau o ka urine e hoʻoholo i nā ikepili e like me ka piha o ka protein, ke kaila keʻokeʻo a me ka pae o ka glucose i loko o ka hale hana, hiki i kahi loiloi ke hana no ke ʻano he acetone i loko o ka urineꓼ
- hāʻawi ʻia ke koko no ka ʻike ʻana i ka hemoglobin glycosylated, e hōʻike ana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻomohalaʻana o ka maʻi diabetes
- hiki i nā hopena o kahi hōʻike koko biochemical ke hoʻoholo i ka hana maʻamau o ka nui a me ka pēpē
- Wahi a nā hopena o kahi hoʻokolohua koko, hiki iā ʻoe ke kiʻi i nā ʻikepili i ka pae o ka insulin endogenous.
Eia kekahi, pono e nīnau aku a kūkākūkā a me ka hōʻike ʻana me kahi ophthalmologist, ma muli o kahi hiki o kahi hopena o ka hihio. E nānā kekahi loea loea i ka waihona kālā a hoʻoholo i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka nalowale ʻike.
I kekahi mau hihia, ua kuhikuhi ʻia ka mea maʻi i kahi scan ultrasound o nā ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū a me kahi electrocardiogram, ʻoiai e hōʻeha ʻole ka maʻi maʻi i ka ʻōnaehana maʻi.
ʻO nā kuhikuhi nui o ka mālama maʻi
Hoʻohana ʻia ka mālama ʻia ʻana o ka maʻi i ka maʻi maʻi a nā kauka. Hoʻohui ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau no nā maʻi maʻi type 1:
- lāʻau lapaʻau lāʻau
- mea ʻai kaiꓼ
- hoʻoikaika kino kino.
ʻO ka maʻi Insulin, ma kēia hihia, ua hoʻoholo ʻia e ka pae o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka pathology a me nā ʻano pilikino o kēlā me kēia maʻi. ʻO kahi kumuhana hoʻokahi e noi ʻia i nā maʻi āpau me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻole ʻia i kēia lā.
I ka mālamaʻana i ka mellitus type 2 type mellitus, hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā pae ʻai koko. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka meaʻai a me nā hana lapaʻau i kauoha ʻia he mea pono. ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau, e like me ke kānāwai, e komo pū me nā lāʻau antidiabetic waha e pono ke lawe ʻia i hoʻokahi manawa a ʻelua paha i ka lā. Inā ʻaʻole pono lākou, hiki paha i ke kauka komo ke hoʻoholo i ka pono no ka ʻimi ʻana i ka insulin.
I ka hapanui pinepine, hoʻomaka ka therapy ʻana i ka insulin i loko o kēia mau hihia:
- e hoʻomaka ana ka mea maʻi i ka momona wikiwiki
- ʻAʻole lawe ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau i lawe ʻia ka hopena i makemake ʻia
- hoʻomaka ka maʻi holo ʻana e ulu koke, ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona mua o kāna mau hōʻano.
Hoʻohui ʻia me ka terapi o ka insulin, hoʻohana ʻia kahi meaʻai kūikawā i ka kaʻina hana e hiki ai ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka pae o glucose i ke koko.
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka meaʻai ma luna o nā kulekele penei:
- Nā huahana i ʻae ʻia. ʻO kēia mau lau o nā lau a me nā ʻuala, nā ʻūhū hou a i ʻūlohi, a me nā kō, a me nā kīʻaha kīkeu.
- ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻohi ʻole i ka ʻiʻo lau mai ka manu moa a iʻa paha, nā hua manu, nā hua ʻai a me kekahi mau huaʻai ʻole i hoʻolaha ʻia. I nā kālā kūpono, ʻae ʻia nā huahana dairy me kahi momona momona e hoʻoneʻe ana.
Eia kekahi, pono nā mea ʻāpono āpau e haʻalele i ka meaʻai.
I ke wikiō ma kēia ʻatikala, e kamaʻilio ʻo Elena Malysheva e pili ana i nā hōʻailona mua o ka maʻi maʻi a me kona maʻi.
